Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdfVIII. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. The text is about heavy industry. 2. Machine-building industries produce only factory equipment. 3. Heavy industry is the key industry of the country's national economy. 4. Large-
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industrial |
enterprises |
are situated |
near |
fuel and |
energy |
producers, |
first of all |
in Siberia. 5. |
A new |
retooling |
of the national economy is based on the achievements of
science |
and |
engineering. |
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*IX. Ответьте |
на |
следующие вопросы: |
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1. |
What |
is the main objective of |
the Soviet |
economic |
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development? 2. What industries play |
an |
important role in |
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the |
country's |
national |
economy? |
3. |
Has |
West |
Siberia |
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large deposits of coking coal? |
4. Why does the country |
pay |
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great |
attention |
to the |
development |
of |
machine |
building? |
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5. |
Does |
the |
country |
develop |
only non-ferrous metallurgy? |
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6. What industrial products do machine-building |
industries |
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produce? |
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X. а) Найдите в правой колонке |
русские |
эквиваленты |
следующих |
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слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя |
по |
ключу: |
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I. main |
objective |
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1. добывающая |
промыш- |
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ленность |
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II. national economy |
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2. |
научные |
достижения |
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III. means of production |
3. |
народное хозяйство |
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IV. extractive |
industry |
4. |
техника; |
машинострое- |
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ние |
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V. labour |
productivity |
5. |
экономить |
сырье, |
топ- |
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ливо |
и энергию |
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VI. deposits of coking coal |
6. |
главная |
цель |
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VII. |
scientific |
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achieve- |
7. |
средства |
производства |
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ments |
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8. |
производительность |
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VIII. power |
engineering |
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труда |
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IX. |
engineering |
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9. |
энергетика |
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X. to save raw material, |
10. |
месторождение коксую- |
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fuel and |
energy |
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щегося |
угля |
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б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих |
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слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. управление |
преднрия- |
1. |
widespread |
introduction |
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тиями |
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of |
automated |
systems |
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II. увеличивать |
нроиз- |
2. |
to have |
large |
resources |
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водство |
угля и |
газа |
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of coking |
coal, |
ferrous |
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and non-ferrous metals |
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III. широкое |
внедрение |
3. |
scientific |
achievements |
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автоматических |
сис- |
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тем |
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4. |
basic |
(main) |
branches of |
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IV. производство |
совре- |
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менного оборудования |
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industry |
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V. иметь большие |
запа- |
5. |
to discover new |
deposits |
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сы коксующегося уг- |
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ля, черных и цвет- |
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ных металлов |
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6. |
to step up (to increase) |
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VI. научные |
достижения |
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the |
production |
of |
coal |
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and |
gas |
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VII. открывать новые мес- |
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power |
engineering |
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торождения |
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8. the manufacture of |
mod- |
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VIII. благосостояние |
наро- |
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да |
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ern |
equipment |
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IX. основные отрасли про- |
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the people's living stand- |
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мышленности |
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ards |
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X. энергетика |
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10. |
management |
of |
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enter- |
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prises |
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XI. Прочитайте предложения, заполнив пропуски следующими сло- |
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вами. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. produce, |
II. producer, III. |
production, |
IV. |
productive, |
V.productivity
1.Coal is the basic raw material for the ... of coke and liquid fuel. 2. The new economic development plan provides
for a better distribution of the ... forces. 3. West Siberia is the ... of coking coal and natural gas. 4. Different branches of the machine-building industry ... modern machines and
equipment for the country's national |
economy. 5. The further |
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development of mechanization and automation |
increases |
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labour ... . |
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XII. а) |
Назовите |
признаки существительных: |
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our |
country, |
the |
country, |
any |
country, each |
country, |
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the |
socialist |
country, |
many |
countries, |
these countries, a |
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little |
country, |
whose |
country, |
two |
big |
countries; |
their dis- |
covery, the discovery, after the discovery, the geologists' discovery, each discovery, many discoveries, those discoveries, such discoveries, what discovery, few discoveries
б) Назовите признаки, позволяющие определить, какой частью речи является выделенное слово:
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their study — they study; the use — we use; the increase
— they increase; coal output decrease — coal output decreases;
the |
last |
lectures — the |
lectures last; this place — this |
places; the |
raw material |
bases — the country bases its econ- |
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omy |
on ... |
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*Х1П. Напишите следующие существительные в единственном числе:
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industries, |
feet, |
men, |
discoveries, |
deposits, |
branches, |
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bases, |
teeth, |
lives, |
heroes, |
areas, |
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supplies |
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XIV. Прочитайте следующий текст, употребив в предложениях гла- |
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голы "fo be" и "to have" в соответствующей форме: |
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1. |
The |
Soviet Union |
(are, |
is, has) |
an energy-rich coun- |
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try with a well-developed |
scientific |
and |
engineering basis. |
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2. |
Engineering |
(is, |
are, |
has) |
one |
of |
the |
main |
branches of |
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the |
national economy. 3. |
The |
country |
(is, |
has, |
have) |
large |
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commercial coal reserves, it also (have, |
are, has) |
large |
min- |
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eral deposits. 4. Geological conditions |
of |
coal-fields (is, |
are, |
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have) |
quite |
different. |
5. |
Coal |
basins |
in |
Siberia |
and |
the |
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Soviet |
Far |
East (have, |
are, |
is) |
the |
country's main |
suppliers |
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of |
fuel. |
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XV. Составьте предложения из следующих слов, руководствуясь правилом о порядке слов в английском повествовательном предложении. Проверьте себя по ключу:
I. 1) |
has, 2) |
many, 3) now, 4) |
the region, 5) factories. |
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II. 1) is, 2) |
of, 3) producer, 4) the biggest, 5) ferrous |
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metals, |
6) |
the |
country. |
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III. |
1) no, |
2) |
the area, 3) coal |
deposits, 4) has. |
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IV. 1) methods, 2) develop, 3) of, 4) modern, 5) production, |
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9) scientists |
and |
engineers. |
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*XVI. Напишите четыре основные формы следующих глаголов; to have, to be, to play, to meet, to make, to use, to equip
*XVH. Переведите предложения, используя следующие слова и сочетания слов:
the raw material base; natural resources; the national economy; heavy industry; the key (leading) branch; rich in; to a great extent; to depend on
1. Советский Союз богат природными ресурсами. 2. Страна имеет сырьевую базу для развития всех отраслей народного хозяйства. 3. Тяжелая промышленность — ведущая отрасль народного хозяйства. 4. Машиностроение играет большую роль в развитии народного хозяйства.
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XVIII. Выразите согласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста 1 А. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:
that's |
right; you |
are right; |
to my mind; in my opinion; |
1 agree |
with you; I |
think so; |
as is known |
О б р а з е ц : The country develops heavy industry. -з» That's right. As is known, heavy industry is the leading branch of the national economy.
1. The development of the national economy greatly depends on machine-building industries. 2. West Siberia is an important industrial region. 3. The development of science
is of great significance. |
4. Machine-building industries are |
the key branches of the |
national economy. |
XIX. Перескажите вкратце текст 1A по ключевым словам:
the main objectives; to determine; provides with; key branches; to depend on; to produce; leads to; this requires; to provide for; are rich in; is great; is a task of; historic significance; reliable equipment; basis for
XX. Продолжите диалог, используя активную лексику урока и предлагаемые разговорные формулы (§ 89):
О б р а з е ц : Л.: Can you |
say what is |
the |
main branch |
of industry in your region (town, republic)? |
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В.: As is known, it is the |
coal |
industry. The |
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region has |
large coal |
deposits. |
you see; as for me; 1 can say that; I live in; my father (mother, sister, brother) works at; heavy (engineering, fuel, chemical, light, metallurgical) industry; modern efficient equipment; useful minerals
XXI. Расскажите коротко о значении машиностроения для успешного развития экономики страны.
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Грамматика: Имя прилагательное — §§ 17—21. Сложное предложение. Структура сложноподчиненного предложения в английском языке — § 81. Определительные придаточные предложения— § 84. Косвенный вопрос — § 88.
I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:
available [a'veilsbl] а пригод- |
commercial [кэ'тэ:^э1] а про- |
ный, полезный |
мыгаленный |
basin I'beisn] п бассейн; si/n field |
complex ['lompleks] я комплекс, |
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совокупность; |
а |
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сложный, |
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комплексный, трудный |
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consider |
[kan'sidaj |
и |
рассматри- |
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вать; |
принимать |
во |
внимание; |
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считать, полагать; |
considerable |
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а |
значительный; |
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considera- |
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tion п рассмотрение; обсужде- |
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ние; |
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take into |
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consideration |
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принимать во внимание; is un- |
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der |
consideration |
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(вопрос) рас- |
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сматривается |
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consume [kan'sju:m] v потреб-
лять, |
расходовать; |
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consumer |
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п потребитель; |
syn |
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user; |
con- |
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sumption [kon'sAmpj'n] n по- |
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требление, |
расход |
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discover |
[dis'k.wa] |
v |
открывать, |
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делать |
открытие |
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ensure fin'j'uo| v обеспечивать |
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enterprise |
[ 'entapraiz] |
n |
пред- |
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приятие |
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environment |
[in'vaisranmant] |
n |
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окружающая |
среда; |
environ- |
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mental protection защита ок- |
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ружающей |
среды |
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v |
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find |
[faindj |
(found |
[faund]) |
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находить; |
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обнаруживать |
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improve |
[itn'pru:v] |
v |
улучшать |
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iron |
[аюп] |
n |
железо |
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mine |
[mam] |
n |
шахта, |
рудник; |
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syn |
colliery; v |
разрабатывать, |
добывать
mining ['mainig] |
n горное де- |
ло; разработка полезных иско- |
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паемых; горная |
специальность; |
ведение горных |
работ; under- |
ground mining подземная разработка; open-cast (open-pit) mining, surface mining открытая разработка; а горный; горнорудный
operate ['opareiiJ v действовать;
работать; |
управлять |
(маши- |
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ной)', |
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operating |
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действую- |
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щий; |
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operation |
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действие, |
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работа; be in operation; put in- |
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to operation вводить в действие |
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particular |
[pa'tikjula] |
а |
особен- |
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ный; |
особый; |
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in |
particular в |
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особенности; |
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particularly |
adv |
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особенно, |
в |
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особенности, |
в |
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частности |
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power |
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['раиэ] |
п |
энергия; |
мощ- |
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ность; |
сила; |
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власть; |
nuclear |
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power |
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ядерная |
энергия |
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quality |
['kwahti] |
п |
качество |
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shelf |
[j'elfj |
п |
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(pi |
shelves) (от)- |
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мель, |
шельф |
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(энер- |
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source |
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[ S D : S ] |
п |
источник |
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гии, |
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знаний) |
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above |
all |
прежде |
всего |
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to meet |
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the |
requirements |
удов- |
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летворять^требованиям |
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that is |
why |
вот |
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почему |
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II. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
fuel and energy resources; nuclear power; eastern areas; extractive industries; large mining enterprises; the retooling of collieries; continental shelves; commercial deposits; the application of open-cast mining; the improvement of coal quality; the increase in the production of gas; that is why
III.Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:
unique deposits; fuel and energy complex; power stations; continental shelf; the country's energy potential; electric power; extensive development; modernization of old collieries; the increase in the production of Siberian gas; to depend on metal; to ensure rational utilization of energy resources; new composite materials; powder metal
IV. а) Переведите существительные с суффиксом "-er (-or)": builder, constructor, miner, producer, supplier, consumer
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б) Заполните пропуски существительными, образованными от выделенных глаголов:
Kazakhstan's |
basic |
industries are |
extractive and |
iron |
and steel. The main centre of the coal |
mining is the Kara- |
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ganda Coal Basin which produces coal |
by underground |
and |
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open-cast methods. The Karaganda Coal Basin is the |
... of |
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coal which is the |
raw |
material base |
for industry. Coal is |
mined from seams (пласты) of different thickness. Improved working conditions for ...s make it possible to greatly in- crease the output of coal. The Republic supplies the country not only with coal. It is the principal ... of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Industrial enterprises of the Urals con-
sume the most of Kazakhstan's iron |
ore. The main ...s of |
coal are the metallurgical entreprises, |
power stations and the |
chemical industry. |
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V.Определите значение слова "power" в контексте:
1.The economic development plans provide for the construction of large nuclear power stations in the country's
European part and in the Urals and hydropower stations in the country's eastern regions. 2. The power of the compres-
sor |
is |
100 |
horse |
power |
(h.p.). 3. |
In |
the |
Soviet |
Union |
all |
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power |
belongs |
to |
the |
people. |
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VI. Прочитайте |
следующие |
предложения. |
Обратите |
внимание |
на |
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А |
перевод |
сложноподчиненных |
предложений: |
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The |
introduction |
of |
automation |
and |
robot |
technology |
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makes |
it possible not only to |
raise the efficiency of labour |
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but |
to |
change |
the |
relations |
between |
man |
and |
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machinery. |
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2. It is well known that robotization |
of production depends |
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on |
the |
development |
of |
computer |
technology. |
3. |
Scientists |
speak about the role that robots play in the national economy. 4. The introduction of new robots into industry is very important.
VII. а) |
Прочитайте вслух следующие слова: |
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[eJ — |
'steadily, |
'ferrous, |
shelf, |
'every, |
bed |
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[oj — a'tomic, |
'foreign, |
a'ccomplish, |
'complex |
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[аг] — |
'manner, |
ex'tract, |
ex'tracting, |
'rapid, |
'rapidly |
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[ju:i — use, |
'user, |
'useful, 'useless, con'sume, |
con'sumer, |
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re'duce |
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[Л] — some, |
'other, |
dis'cover, |
re'duction |
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[aij — while, |
mine, |
'mining, 'miner, |
su'pply, |
kind, find, |
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mind |
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foil J — grow, |
growth, |
'growing, |
'opencast, own, |
most, |
coal, |
'total |
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[eij — main, |
'mainly, |
'stable, |
'basin, grade, |
great, |
save, |
re'piace |
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б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:
gas |
[<ja?sJ, gaseous ['geizjosl, |
product I'prodaktJ, |
through |
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IOru:J, |
unique [ju:'ni:kl, society |
[sa'saiatij |
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VIII. Прочитайте текст IB и скажите, |
каковы перспективы |
развития |
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угольной |
промышленности в |
стране: |
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ТЕКСТ |
Ш |
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FUEL AND ENERGY RESOURCES
Among the key sectors of the national economy special
attention is paid to fuel and |
energy |
resources. |
The Soviet Union is rich in large and often unique depos- |
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its of mineral resources such |
as coal, |
oil, gas, ferrous and |
non-ferrous metals. In fact, the country depends on its own fuel and energy resources to develop its national economy The objective of new economic development plans is to en-' sure the growth of the country's energy potential mainly on the basis of nuclear power and coal„ Coal continues to play an important part in supplying the country with fuel and
electric power, |
especially |
in the eastern areas where there |
are large fuel |
and energy |
complexes. |
New economic development plans provide for the extensive development of the extractive industries in the eastern regions of the country. Large mining enterprises are under construction in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. At the same time the retooling and modernization of the collieries in the old coal-mining areas and firstly in the Donets and Kuznetsk basins continue.
It should be stressed that most of the country's coal deposits are in Siberia. Most coal seams (пласт) lie near the surface, there andit makes it possible to develop them by open-cast mining which is safer, less expensive and requires less manpower resources. That is why one of the major objectives of the new economic development plans is to apply open-cast mining.
Special attention is to be paid to the introduction of new advanced coal mining equipment—powerful excavators,
draglines, conveyers and |
transport |
systems. |
The |
main task |
is to improve quality of |
coal and |
to save |
power |
resources. |
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The task is also to develop continental shelves which are rich in natural resources. Geologists find useful minerals on the shelves in different parts of the country.
As is known, oil and gas are the main sources of energy available to man today. The deposits of oil and gas are mostly
situated in West |
Siberia, |
the Kazakh SSR and in |
the north |
of the country's |
European |
part. Geologists start |
exploiting |
the deep-lying oil fields in the Caspian Depression. The deposits of gas in West Siberia are unique. The increase in the production of Siberian gas is a task of great economic importance which can meet the country's domestic and export requirements. The region is also rich in coking coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The effectiveness of fuel and energy production depends on using rational systems of exploitation and on introducing modern methods and advanced technologies.
IX. Укажите, какие предложения не соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. Economic development plans provide for the growth of the country's energy potential only on the basis of nuclear
power. 2. Oil and gas are the main sources |
of |
energy |
avail- |
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able to man. 3. Special |
attention |
is paid |
to |
underground |
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mining. 4. Continental shelves are |
rich in |
minerals. |
5. In |
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the ferrous metallurgical |
industry the main |
trend is |
to pro- |
duce |
powder |
metals. |
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*X. Ответьте |
на |
следующие вопросы: |
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1. |
What |
does |
the country's energy potential depend on? |
2. What coal basins in Eastern Siberia do you know? 3. Does the country develop old coal mining areas? 4. Why is the
development |
of continental shelves |
important? |
5. |
What |
can |
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you say about the gas industry? |
6. |
What main |
tasks |
does |
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the country |
set |
before |
metallurgy? |
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XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты |
следующих |
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слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. quality |
of |
metal |
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открытая |
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разработка |
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II. continental |
shelf |
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(месторождения ) |
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2. |
сырьевые |
ресурсы |
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III. operating |
coal basins |
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защита |
окружающей |
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среды |
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IV. raw material resources |
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качество |
металла |
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2—2132 |
О 0 1 9 7 |
Ь |
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V. open-cast |
mining |
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5. |
средняя |
производитель- |
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ность |
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VI. mining |
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enterprises |
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6. |
передовая |
технология |
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VII. commercial |
deposits |
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горные |
предприятия |
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VIII. environmental protec- |
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8. |
континентальный шельф |
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tion |
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действующие |
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угольные |
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IX. average |
output |
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advanced |
technology |
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бассейны |
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10. |
промышленное |
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место- |
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рождение |
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б) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих |
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слов |
и сочетаний |
слов. |
Проверьте себя |
по ключу: |
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I. открыть |
уникальные |
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1. |
to |
supply |
with |
fuel |
and |
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месторождения |
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power |
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II. удовлетворять требо- |
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to |
depend on the avail- |
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ваниям |
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ability |
of |
raw |
material |
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III. снабжать топливом и |
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3. |
to discover unique depos- |
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энергией |
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its |
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IV. зависеть |
от |
наличия |
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4. |
to |
retool |
the |
industry |
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сырья |
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to |
consume |
energy |
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V. быстро расти |
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VI. переоснащать |
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про- |
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to |
meet the requirements |
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мышленность |
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VII. |
создавать |
условия |
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7. to put into operation |
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VIII. увеличивать |
добычу |
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to |
grow |
rapidly |
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угля |
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9. |
to |
create |
conditions |
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IX. потреблять |
энергию |
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X. вводить |
в |
действие |
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10. |
to |
increase |
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(step |
up) |
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coa] output |
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XII. а) Подберите из списков А и Б близкие по значению слова. |
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Проверьте |
себя |
по |
ключу: |
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О б р а з е ц : |
mine — |
colliery |
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А. |
1) |
main, |
2) |
basin, 3) demand, 4) provide, |
5) |
energy |
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Б. |
I. |
require, |
II. |
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principal, |
III. |
supply, |
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IV. |
field, |
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V. power |
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б) Подберите из списков А и Б противоположные по значению |
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слова. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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А. |
1) |
increase, |
2) |
ferrous, 3) liquid, 4) |
useful, |
5) |
rich |
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Б. |
I. |
poor, |
II. |
useless, |
III. |
decrease, |
IV. |
non-ferrous, |
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solid |
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XIII. а) Переведите на русский язык: |
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the |
best |
method; less |
than a |
month; more than a year; |
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as |
large as; |
not |
so cheap |
as; |
the |
worst |
conditions; |
the |
most |
IS
interesting |
fact; a |
very important |
discovery; |
the larger ... |
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the better; far more useful |
system; |
much more metal |
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*б) Переведите |
на английский |
язык: |
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самая |
большая |
шахта; |
гораздо |
лучше; |
лучше, чем; |
самые трудные условия; такой же дешевый, как; не такое богатое (месторождение), как; наилучшие результаты
*XIV. Напишите следующие прилагательные в положительной степени:
the highest, more, the most useful, bigger, more powerful, the cheapest, the nearest, less, the worst, the least, the best, much greater, shorter, less difficult, the most reliable, more powerful
XV. а) Прочитайте следующие предложения. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени, лице и числе:
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1. The Ukraine (to be) rich in natural |
resources, |
mainly |
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coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. 2. Industrial |
enterprises |
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of |
the |
Republic |
(to |
produce) |
different |
types |
of |
machines |
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and |
equipment. 3. The |
Ukrainian |
resource |
base (to |
include) |
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coal |
basins |
with |
their |
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collieries, |
iron |
and |
steel |
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production, |
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electric |
power |
and chemical industries. 4. |
The |
Republic |
(to |
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have) |
a well-developed fuel industry. |
5. |
Coal |
(to |
play) |
a |
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great |
part |
in |
supplying |
the Republic |
with |
fuel |
and |
electric |
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power. |
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б) Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются предло- |
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жения: |
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1. |
Yes, |
it |
is. |
The |
country |
is |
rich |
in |
natural |
resources. |
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2. Yes, it does. Coal plays an |
important |
part in |
the coun- |
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try's national economy. 3. No, they do not. In the |
Ekibastuz |
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area |
the |
miners |
produce coal |
by |
open-cast |
method. |
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*XVI. Найдите в тексте 1Б сложноподчиненные предложения. Определите их тип. Назовите союзы, присоединяющие придаточные предложения к главному. Переведите предложения.
*XVII. Переведите предложения, используя следующие слова и сочетания слов:
to be in operation, to be under construction, to be rich in, to produce, especially, daily output, plastics, useful minerals, mining enterprises, iron ore
1. Кузбасс — промышленный центр Западной Сибири. Он богат полезными ископаемыми, особенно коксующимися углями и железной рудой. 2. В Кузбассе действуют крупные шахты и карьеры. 3. Суточная производительность шахт высокая. 4. В Кузбассе строятся крупные горные пред-
2* |
19 |