Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdf*1Х. Ответьте на |
следующие вопросы: |
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1. Are there |
many technical institutions |
in Great Britain? |
2. What is the |
difference between colleges |
and universities? |
3. Is the Mining Engineering Department the only one in the
University of Wales? |
4. Does the Mining Engineering De- |
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partment |
deal |
only |
with metalliferous mining? 5. Can a |
student |
enter |
the university after he has graduated from |
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the college? 6. |
What |
courses are of special importance for |
mining engineers? 7. What do you know about the organiza-
tion of the academic year |
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British |
universities? |
8. When |
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do |
the students |
take |
their |
examinations? |
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X. а) Найдите в правой колонке |
русские эквиваленты |
следующих |
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сочетаний слов. Проверьте |
себя по ключу: |
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I. the |
mining engineer- |
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курсы |
по |
расширенной |
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II. |
ing |
department |
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2. |
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программе |
отложения |
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the |
college |
authority |
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рудоносные |
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•fill, |
advanced |
courses |
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3. |
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средства |
производства |
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IV. metalliferous |
deposits |
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горный факультет |
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V. to encourage |
students |
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открытые |
горные |
рабо- |
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ты |
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; VI. to |
meet |
the |
require- |
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опытный |
инженер |
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ments of the Univer- |
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sity |
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7. |
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администрация |
коллед- |
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VII. means of |
production |
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жа |
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VIII. management |
studies |
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8. |
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поощрять |
студентов |
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IX. surface |
excavation |
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9. |
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отвечать |
требованиям |
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университета |
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X. an |
experienced |
engi- |
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наука |
об |
управлении |
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neer |
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б) |
Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты |
следующих |
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слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. зависеть от |
условий |
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1. |
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the manager of a colliery |
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(mine) |
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II. значить, |
означать |
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rock |
mechanics |
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III. |
признать |
необходи- |
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3. |
the |
only |
quarry |
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мость |
(чего-л.) |
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annual |
output |
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IV. ежегодная |
производи- |
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тельность |
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(шахты) |
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5. |
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to be |
of |
particular |
im- |
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V. начальник |
шахты |
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portance |
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VI. добывающая промыш- |
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to depend |
upon |
the |
con- |
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ленность |
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ditions |
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VII. представлять |
особую |
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to |
found |
a |
department |
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важность |
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(school, system, etc.) |
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VIII. механика горных по- |
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to |
recognize |
the |
need |
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род |
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(of) |
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IX. единственный |
карьер |
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to |
mean |
(meant) |
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X. основывать |
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факуль- |
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extractive |
industry |
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тет (школу, |
систему |
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и т. |
д.) |
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XI. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, |
используя следующие |
сло- |
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ва. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. mean, |
II. |
means, |
III. |
meaning, |
IV. |
meant |
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1. Computer technique is one of |
the ... of modern plan- |
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ning and control. |
2. By |
... of |
computers and |
mathematical |
modelling it is possible to process a huge amount of infor-
mation |
in a |
short |
period of time. 3. |
Britain |
is not |
rich |
in |
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mineral |
resources. |
It ... |
that until recently coal was the only |
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fuel |
available |
in |
the country. 4. What do you ... to do? |
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Are |
you |
going |
to |
have |
your practical |
training |
at a |
mine |
or |
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at an open-cast mine? |
5. You know |
that the |
word |
"range" |
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has |
several |
...s. |
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XII. Подберите из списков А и Б близкие по значению слова.
А. 1) to obtain, 2) to call for, 3) to understand, 4) to found, 5) to provide, 6) to connect, 7) to consist of, 8) to change, 9) bed, 10) field, 11) quarry
Б. I. to establish, II. to combine, III. to realize, IV. to get, V. to transform, VI. to set up, VII. to require, VIII. to supply, IX. branch, X. to receive, XI. to demand, XII. to be made of, XIII . seam, XIV. opencast, XV. layer, XVI. surface mine
XIII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слов "only" и "the only":
1. Until the nineteenth century Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities of England. 2. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge provide instructions chiefly by
means |
of lectures and they use only |
a |
tutorial |
method. |
3. The |
Mining Engineering Department |
is |
the only |
one in |
the University of Wales. 4. The University |
has only two types |
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of |
laboratories. |
5. |
At the Mining Engineering Department |
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of |
the University |
of |
Newcastle |
it |
has become a tradition that |
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the courses are based only on |
a |
tutorial |
system. |
XIV. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность слова "that (those)":
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1. It is known that the scientists have already done considerable work in the field of automatized systems of planning and control of underground operations. Their experience is very encouraging. 2. The calorific value of coal is 2-4 times greater than that of wood. 3. The equipment that the postgraduates have used for carrying out their experiments is of the latest design. 4. It was clear that computers could perform the work that man could not. 5. The geological conditions of Wales differ from those of Scotland. 6. It is known that the fee (плата за обучение) at Oxford and Cambridge universities is so high that only the children of the rich can study there.
XV. а) Прочитайте вслух следующие предложения.
б) Выберите из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов правильный перевод для глагола-сказуемого. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. Today |
mining engineering has |
become a key indus- |
try on which the speed (скорость) of |
economic development |
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depends, (а. |
становится, б. стало, |
в. станет) |
2.Experience has helped the engineers to solve the problem of increasing coal output, (а. помог, б. поможет, в.
помогает)
3.Research workers have developed an efficient method
for mining bedded |
deposits, |
(а. разрабатывают, |
б. разрабо- |
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тали, |
в. |
разрабатывается) |
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4. |
They |
had |
put into |
operation a new |
concentration |
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plant |
which |
was |
in |
proximity |
to the colliery, |
(а. пускать |
в |
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производство, |
б. |
пустили |
в |
производство, |
в. |
пускают |
в |
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производство) |
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*XVI. Назовите предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употребляются в одной из форм группы Perfect. Переведите предложения:
1. They have provided the laboratory |
with the |
modern |
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equipment for carrying out experiments. |
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2. These engineers |
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have graduated from the college. 3. The |
universities have |
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advanced courses in rock mechanics; and |
surface excavation. |
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4. Mechanization and automation of |
underground |
mines |
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and opencasts have advanced greatly. 5. The research |
workers |
had made a lot of experiments before they got the necessary results. 6. N. had worked in the mine for many years before
he became a research worker. 7. They will |
have presented |
their report by the end of the month. |
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XVII. Составьте предложения из следующих слов. |
Проверьте себя |
по ключу: |
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I. 1) |
much time, 2) the students, 3) in, 4) spent, 5) today, |
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6) |
have, |
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the |
laboratory. |
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II. 1) Moscow, 2) for Great Britain, 3) just, 4) left, 5) the |
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scientist, |
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has. |
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III. 1) already, 2) his, 3) he, 4) finished, 5) work, 6) has, |
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laboratory. |
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IV. 1) never, 2) the dressing plant, 3) have, 4) to, 5) we, |
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been. |
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V. |
1) |
has, |
2) |
the institute, 3) graduated from, 4) she, |
5) |
not, |
6) yet. |
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XVIII. Прочитайте предложения и определите, в каком из них следует употребить форму совершенного времени (The Perfect Tense). Переведите предложения, используя следующие слова и сочетания слов:
to graduate |
from; |
to carry out |
an experiment; to take |
a postgraduate |
course; |
the share of coal; to work out a prob- |
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lem; the number of |
postgraduates |
(postgraduate students); |
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to increase; to |
decrease; to discover; |
the fuel balance |
1. Они уже провели эксперимент. 2. Они провели эксперимент на прошлой неделе. 3. Этот молодой инженер закончил институт два года тому назад. 4. В этом году он поступил в аспирантуру. 5. После того как геологи открыли природный газ, доля угля в топливном балансе района уменьшилась.
XIX. Найдите в тексте ЗБ предложения, в которых глагол-сказуемое выражает законченное действие.
XX. Выполните задание по следующему образцу:
О б р а з е ц : |
Say what |
the |
students |
have |
already |
done |
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(to pass their examinations). |
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— T h e |
students |
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have |
already passed their |
examinations. |
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1) |
Say |
what |
the |
students |
(a |
group |
of |
students) |
have |
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(has) already done (to pass |
examinations, |
to make |
experiments, |
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to |
present |
a |
report, |
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to |
write |
a |
graduation |
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paper, |
to |
have |
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practical |
training). |
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2) Say what the manager (a group of engineers, the au- |
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thorities) |
hasn't |
(haven't) |
done |
yet |
(to |
work |
out |
special |
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methods, |
to |
design |
a |
new |
computer, |
to |
equip |
laboratories, |
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to |
introduce |
automated |
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systems |
of |
planning |
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and |
control |
of |
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underground operations, |
to |
provide |
the |
laboratory |
with |
neces- |
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sary |
equipment). |
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3) |
Say |
what |
the |
students |
(the |
geologists, |
the |
manager, |
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the college, the miners) did (did not do) at |
the last |
meeting |
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(not |
long |
ago, last |
year, |
two |
months |
ago, |
last |
week, |
etc.) |
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(to |
keep in close touch with |
industrial |
enterprises, |
to dis- |
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cover |
new deposits, |
to |
extract |
many tons |
of |
coal, |
to replace |
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old equipment, |
to |
touch upon |
the problem |
of |
labour |
productiv- |
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ity, |
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to attend |
lectures |
and |
classes). |
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XXI. Перескажите вкратце содержание текста ЗБ, используя ключевые слова:
there are; to provide full-time and part-time education; to confer diplomas; has become; is the only; deal with; consists of; can be recommended; has worked out; may take courses; has become a tradition; trains; has recognized; to take their examinations; usually; to interview the students
XXII. Побеседуйте |
по |
содержанию |
текста |
ЗБ |
по |
образцу. |
Исполь- |
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зуйте разговорные формулы (§ 89): |
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О б р а з е ц : A.: Have |
you read anything about mining |
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education |
in |
Great |
Britain? |
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B.: |
Yes, I |
have. I know that... |
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C.: |
I |
agree |
with |
you but |
I'd |
like to |
add... |
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D.: |
I |
see. |
Let |
me say |
about... |
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Ill
I. Прочитайте текст ЗВ без словаря. Определите его основную идею.
ТЕКСТ ЗВ
1. In the USA the basic aim of technical higher education is the training of qualified specialists in a selected field of technology.
2. In the field of technical education they have a threepart programme: 1) The University programme for engineers and scientists. 2) The technical institute programme for engineering technicians. 3) The vocational trade programme (программа профессионально-технического обучения).
3. The students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. For example, one of the oldest mining schools in the USA is the Colorado School of Mines. Early mining operations in the Territory of Colorado emphasized the need for a college to train mining engineers.
4. The Colorado School |
of Mines isjsituated in the miner- |
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al-producing |
area of the Rocky Mountains. The area is rich |
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in non-ferrous |
metals such |
as molybdenum, vanadium, zinc |
and other deposits. Besides, Colorado has processing (dressing)
plants, petroleum refineries and steel |
plants. Many coal |
mines are in operation throughout the |
area. |
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5. The field of study includes earth sciences (geology, geochemistry, geophysics and others) and engineering. The
students may specialize in petrology, mineral |
deposits, |
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mining engineering and |
other |
disciplines. |
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6. |
Field work is an important part of training. All |
stu- |
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dents |
take part in a summer field course during their under- |
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graduate programme. Geology laboratories are |
available |
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within the |
Department |
of Geology |
for study and |
research. |
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7. |
The mining engineering students study |
the |
basic |
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sciences, principles and |
technologies |
of mineral exploration, |
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underground and surface operations, rock mechanics, |
mine |
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ventilation, |
surveying, |
mine safety |
and" operating |
research. |
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8. |
The |
Department |
operates |
the |
experimental |
mine. It |
is a large and well-equipped laboratory for teaching and
research in |
mining |
operations. |
9. The |
education |
is fee-paying. The School collects fees |
at the beginning of each semester. Semester fees include fees
for health service, athletics, student |
centre and |
others. |
A |
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student will |
not be |
allowed |
to |
take |
final examinations |
or |
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be graduated if he (or she) has debts |
(долги) to the college. |
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10. During |
their |
course |
of training the students may |
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visit |
surface and underground |
mines, oil fields, dressing |
plants |
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and |
regions |
of |
geological |
interest. |
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11. A study of current curricula shows that the average |
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American engineer receives |
only |
10% |
of geology |
and |
25% |
of mining in his (or her) undergraduate education in mining. As a rule, mining engineering programmes include: Liberal arts — 20%; Basic sciences — 25%; General engineering — 20%; Geology — 1 0 % ; Mining — 2 5 % .
II.Выразите основную мысль каждого абзаца текста ЗВ одним или двумя предложениями.
III.Составьте краткий план текста.
IV. Найдите в тексте ЗВ абзацы, в которых говорится о характерных особенностях системы высшего образования в США.
V.Определите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует содержанию текста ЗВ. Проверьте себя по ключу.
1. Education in the USA. 2. Higher Education in the USA. 3. Technical Higher Education in the USA.
VI. а) Прослушайте следующие географические названия и запишите их по-русски (книги закрыты):
Great Britain, Canada, Japan, France, Italy, the USA, Western Europe
5-2132 |
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б) Прослушайте названия угольных бассейнов в Соединенных Штатах Америки и запишите их по-русски:
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Illinois and Kentucky
в) Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание (книги закрыты).
г) Прослушайте текст еще раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What useful minerals is the USA rich in? 2. What branches of industry does the country develop?
Among the capitalist countries with a highly-developed
economy are the USA, |
Japan, Great |
Britain, Canada, France, |
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Italy and some other |
West European |
countries. |
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The United States of America |
is a |
country with large |
energy resources. The territory of the USA is rich in coal,
natural gas, iron ores, large reserves of petroleum, |
uranium |
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and other ferrous and non-ferrous |
metals. |
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The |
country |
develops |
different |
branches of |
industry. |
Among |
them are |
mining, |
iron and |
steel, machine |
building, |
military and others. The coal industry plays an important part in the country's economy, its raw material base. The future of coal depends very much upon its use in electricity generation and in other fields.
Most of the total annual coal production comes from the coal-fields in Pennsylvania and the northern part of West
Virginia, |
Illinois and Kentucky and southern West Virginia. |
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The USA mines larger portion of coal, iron ore and other |
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ferrous and non-ferrous |
metals by |
the |
open-cast |
method. |
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КЛЮЧИ к |
УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ УРОКА 3 |
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Т е к с т |
А. Упр. IX— 2, |
3, 5. |
Упр. XI а) — 1/4, |
II/5, III/1, 1V/6, V/7, |
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VI/2, VI1/3; |
б) — |
1/3, |
II/4, |
111/1» IV/8, |
V/7, |
VI/5, VII/2, |
VIII/6. |
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Упр. XII — |
1/1, |
2/1II» 3/II. Упр. XVII — 2, |
3. |
Упр. XVIII — 1/6, 4, |
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2,5, |
3, 7; II/2, |
1, 6, 3, 5, 4; |
111/(6), |
3, 5, |
1, 2, |
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(6); IV/(7) 3, |
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4 (7). |
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Т е к с т |
Б. |
Упр. VIII — 3, |
5, 6. Упр. X а) — 1/4, |
II/7, |
III/1, |
IV/2, |
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V/8, |
VI/9, |
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VII/3, |
VIII/10, |
IX/5, |
Х/6. |
б) — 1/6, |
II/9, |
III/8, |
IV/4, |
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V/l, |
VI/10, |
VII/5, |
VIII/2, |
IX/3, |
Х/7. |
Упр. |
X I — |
1/II, |
2/II, |
3/II, |
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4/1, |
5/III. |
Упр. XV — 1/6, |
2/а, З/б, 4/6. Упр. XVII — 1/(5), 2, |
6, |
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1, 3, |
7, (5); |
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II/5, |
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3, 4, |
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III/3, |
6, 1, 4, |
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5; IV/5, 3, 1, |
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V/4, |
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6. |
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Т е к с т |
В. Упр. V — 3. |
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66
УРОК 4
SOVIET SCIENCE OF MINING
Грамматика: Времена |
группы Continuous — §§ 49—52. Значение |
и употребление слова |
very — § 79. |
I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:
compose [kom'pouz] v (of) состав-
лять; сочинять; создавать; be composed (of) состоять (из че-
го-л.); |
syn be made up of, |
consist |
of |
confirm (kon'fo:m| v подтверж-
дать; утверждать
crust [krAst] n земная кора elect fi'lekt] v избирать, выби-
рать (голосованием); назначать (на должность)
entire [in'tais] а весь, целый;
полный; syn whole
equal ['i:kwal] а равный; v рав-
няться; equality [k'kwohti] n равенство; equally adv в рав-
ной мере
exist [ig'zist] v существовать,
быть; жить
forecast [b:'ka;stj (forecast) v
предвидеть, предсказывать; forecast ['fo:ka:st] n предсказание
investigate [in'vesti£eit] v иссле-
довать; изучать
just [d3Ast] а справедливый, обоснованный
origin ['o:nd3in] n источник; начало; происхождение ,
originate [Vridgineit] v (from) происходить (от чего-л.); да-
вать начало; порождать outline ['autlain] п очертание;
схема; план, конспект; очерк recent ['ri:snt] а недавний; по-
следний; современный remarkable [n'ma:kabl] а заме-
чательный; выдающийся, необыкновенный
significant [sig'nifikant] а зна-
чительный; significance [sig- 'mfikans] п значение, важность; exhaust [Kj'xr.st] the significance исчерпывать значение
to advance the view высказывать мнение (точку зрения)
to be interested in быть заинтересованным (чём-л.), интересо-
ваться
to take (an) interest in заинтересоваться (чём-л.)
to take shape принимать форму; формировать(ся)
5* |
67 |
II. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
iron deposits; the extracting of useful minerals; the discovery of salt; existing conditions; to design effective machines for underground and open-cast mining: to forecast the deposit; to investigate different systems; the prominent scientist; an entire epoch; remarkable works; scientific activity; industrially experienced engineers; equal skill; the Earth's crust movement; the origin of platinum deposits; significant results
III.Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:
President of the Academy of Sciences; academician; the history of geology; a new, much more detailed geological map; the new stratigraphy of Russia; the regularity of the Earth's crust movement, petroleum deposits; the introduction of the microscope; the best lecturer
IV. а) Переведите следующие слова:
drawing, recording, forecasting, prospecting
б) Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами, образованными от выделенных глаголов:
1. Future engineers learn to draw in drawing classes. During the first two years the students get a comprehensive training in . . . . 2. A. P. Karpinsky forecast the origin of coal in the Donbas. His ... was confirmed by the theory. 3. The task of the geological group was to prospect for gold. The geologists used modern methods of ... . 4 . New recording instruments made it possible to record the results of the investigations accurately. One of the functions of the laboratory work is to train the students in accurate ... of observations.
V.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод прилагательных с суффиксом "-ent (-ant)":
1.М. V. Lomonosov, А. P. Karpinsky and other prominent scientists founded the Russian school of mining. 2. Prospecting is an applied geological science which studies different methods of discovering deposits of useful minerals. 3. Scien-
tific research |
institutions solve important problems. 4. One |
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of |
Karpinsky's significant works concerned the formation |
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of |
the Donets |
Coal Basin. |
VI. Определите по суффиксам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова, и переведите их:
create — creator — creation; elect — election; investi-
68
gate — investigator — investigation; recent — recently; significant — significance; consider — considerable — consideration; encourage — encouragement; found — founder — foundation; manager — management; exist — existence
VII. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом из них группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите предложения:
1. Prospectors at the Donets Coal Basin have assessed (оценивать) the old coal-field's reserves by the year 2000. 2. They have found new anthracite deposits more than 2,000 metres below the surface. 3. Experts say that the discovery will result in a large mining enterprise. 4. It should be noted
that |
drilling |
is |
continuing |
at deeper |
depths. |
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VIII. а) Прочитайте вслух следующие слова: |
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le] — |
'many, |
'member, |
head, |
'readily, |
effective, 'president |
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Ы |
— 'foreign, 'modest, |
'knowledge, |
'prominent |
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las] — |
a'cademy, |
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'rapid, |
'rapidly, |
ex'tract, es'tablish |
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[э:1 — re'search, |
re'searcher, |
work, |
'working, |
Earth |
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[Л] — con'duct, |
'country, |
crust, |
'Russian, |
'study |
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la: J — part, |
re'mark, |
re'markable, |
branch, |
'charming |
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lei ] — de'tailed, |
cre'ate, |
cre'ator, |
cre'ation, |
em'brace, |
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mainly |
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б) |
Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение: |
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entire |
[m'taia], |
equal |
['i:kwall, |
epoch |
[Ч:рэк], com |
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mittee |
[ka'miti], |
palaeontology |
^paehon'tolidgi], |
palaeo- |
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zoic |
[,раэ1юи'гошк], stratigraphy |
[stra'tigrafi ], |
microscope |
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['maikr3skoupl |
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в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов: |
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Soviet |
scientific |
research |
institutions; a |
foreign |
member |
of many Academies; an entire epoch in the history of Russian geology; a new, much more detailed geological map of the
European part of the USSR and the Urals; |
the |
creator of |
the new stratigraphy of Russia; the regularity |
of |
movements |
of the Earth's crust; to head the Russian Geological Committee; to embrace the whole of geological science
IX. Прочитайте текст 4A. 1) Назовите области геологии, в которых А. П. Карпинский был первооткрывателем; 2) перечислите основные проблемы, которые решают в настоящее время геологи.