Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdf3. |
headed |
the chairs — возглавлять кафедры |
4. |
he was |
decorated — он был награжден |
IX. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. After А. М. Terpigorev had finished school, he decided
to work at a mine. 2. A. M. Terpigorev |
collected material |
for his graduation paper which dealt |
with mining thick |
seams in the Donbas. 3. For more than three years A. M. Terpigorev was working at the Sulin mines. 4. In 1922 A. M. Terpigorev accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Institute. 5. He investigated the problems concerning mine safety. 6. He was one of the first to work on the problem of gasification of coal. 7. A. M. Ter-
pigorev was |
awarded Government orders many times. |
*X. Ответьте |
на следующие вопросы: |
I. When and where was A. M. Terpigorev born? 2. What institute did he graduate from? 3. What did his graduation paper deal with? 4. Where was A. M. Terpigorev working from 1900 till 1922? 5. At what institute did A. M. Terpigorev head the chair of Mining Bedded Deposits? 6. What did A. M. Terpigorev take a particular interest in? 7. What works
by A. M. Terpigorev do you |
know? 8. What problems do |
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A. M. Terpigorev's works deal |
with? |
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XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих |
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слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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I. to fulfil the task |
1. охрана труда в шахтах |
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II. to accept an offer |
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подтверждать |
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III. fire |
damp |
3. |
добыча угля |
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IV. flat |
seam |
4. |
эксплуатация месторож- |
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дений |
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V. existing conditions |
5. |
метан |
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VI. mine safety |
6. |
принять предложение |
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VII. to collect the materi- |
7. |
выполнить |
задачу, за- |
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al |
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дание |
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VIII. to confirm |
8. |
горизонтальный пласт |
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IX. exploitation of depos- |
9. |
собирать материал |
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its |
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X. coal |
winning |
10. |
существующие условия |
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б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих |
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сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по |
ключу: |
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I. поступить в институт |
1. |
descriptive |
course |
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II.решать важные проблемы
III. выдающиеся исследователи
IV. успешно провести эксперименты
V. выбрать профессию VI. описательный курс VII. происхождение же-
лезной руды VIII. научное общество
IX. начальник шахты
X.мероприятия по охране труда
2. to choose a profession
3. to enter an institute
4.to solve important problems
5.scientific society
6.safety measures
7.outstanding (prominent) investigators
8.to carry out experiments successfully
9.the origin of iron ore
10.the manager of a colliery
XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав соответствующий предлог ("of", "for", "in", "at", "to", "during", "with", "from", "on"):
One ... the professors ... our Institute is known ... his work ... the field ... geology. He finished school ... Leningrad and entered ... the Institute of Mining there. ... the Institute he studied the full range ... subjects relating ...
geology and mining. ... his practical training he visited many coal-fields and collected material ... his graduation paper which dealt ... the stratigraphy of the Urals. After graduating ... the Institute he worked as a geologist in the Kuzbas. He investigated geological conditions and their influence (влияние) ... the choice ... the method ... mining useful minerals.
XIII. Заполните |
пропуски в предложениях, употребив глаголы "to |
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be" или "to do" в соответствующей |
временной форме: |
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"... you know А. М. Terpigorev's works which deal with |
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mine |
safety?" |
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"Yes, |
I ... |
." |
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"... you know who ... working on this important problem |
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at your |
Institute now?" |
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"Yes; |
I ... |
. Prof. N. and his pupils ... conducting re- |
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searches in this field of |
mining. |
They ... working out a |
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series |
of |
safety |
measures |
in |
gassy collieries." |
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"... |
you at |
his lecture |
yesterday?" |
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"Yes, |
I ... |
." |
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"... Prof. N. speaking |
about the |
results of his investiga- |
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tions?" |
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6—2132 |
81 |
"No, he ... not. He ... speaking about coal beds and the functions of mine ventilation."
"... you going to attend his next lecture?" "Yes, I ... ."
XIV. Прочитайте следующий текст. Озаглавьте его. Найдите предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге. Переведите их:
V.I. Vernadsky (1863-1945) is |
known as the |
outstand- |
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ing mineralogist and crystallographer, |
the founder of geo- |
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chemistry, biochemistry and radiogeology. Many |
research |
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centres were established by him. |
He |
was elected |
president |
of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1919. He conducted
research in |
the geochemistry of rare elements. |
V.I. Vernad- |
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sky advanced a |
revolutionary |
theory of |
the origin |
of |
min- |
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erals |
which |
was |
described |
in |
his |
works |
An |
Experiment |
in |
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Descriptive |
Mineralogy |
and |
History |
of Minerals |
in the |
Earth's |
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Crust. |
He |
prospected |
for the |
radioactive |
minerals. The |
role |
of such minerals as radium and uranium was forecast by him.
XV. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Переведите их, обращая
внимание на перевод слова "as": |
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1. A . M . |
Terpigorev began |
to work |
as mining |
engineer |
at the Sulin mines where he was |
working for more than three |
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years — first |
as assistant manager and |
later as |
manager. |
2. Academician L. D. Shevyakov has written a lot of text-books
on mining such as |
The |
Working |
of Mineral |
Deposits, |
Coal |
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Mining |
and |
Transport |
Facilities, |
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Working |
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Bedded |
Deposits |
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and |
others. |
3. |
As |
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there |
was |
no |
mining machinery in pre- |
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revolutionary |
Russia, |
the m i n e r s w o r k |
was |
very |
hard. |
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4. As a rule, students' specialization was based on |
descrip- |
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tive |
courses |
and |
elementary |
practical |
training. |
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5. |
When |
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he went down the mine for the |
first time, |
A. M. Terpigorev |
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saw |
that |
there were |
no combines, conveyers and other |
equip- |
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ment |
there |
such |
as |
are |
used |
now. |
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XVI. Соедините |
главные |
предложения |
с придаточными. |
Проверьте |
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себя по |
ключу: |
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I. А. P. |
Karpinsky |
was |
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1. |
who combined |
his |
prac- |
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one |
of |
the |
geologists |
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tical |
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experience |
with |
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scientific |
research |
work. |
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II. |
It is interesting |
to note |
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2. |
which |
dealt |
with |
trans- |
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port |
facilities, |
mechani- |
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zation, |
mining |
machin- |
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ery, |
etc. |
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82
III. During |
his |
practical |
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training |
A. M. |
Terpi- |
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gorev |
collected |
materi- |
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al |
for |
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his |
graduation |
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paper |
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IV. A. M. |
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Terpigorev be- |
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gan |
to |
work |
at the Su- |
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lin |
mines |
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V. As is known the prominent scientist wrote a number of works
VI. Academician A. M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining expert
3. where |
he |
was |
working |
for more |
than |
three |
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years. |
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4.who embraced the whole of geological science work-
ing with equal skill in every branch of it.
5.that A. P. Karpinsky was the first to introduce the
microscope in |
the study |
of petrographic |
slides. |
6.which dealt with getting flat seams in the Donbas.
*XVII. Закончите предложения. Переведите на английский язык все предлагаемые варианты:
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I. Our Institute keeps in close touch with |
... |
(1. про- |
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мышленными |
предприятиями; |
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2. шахтами |
и |
рудниками; |
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3. |
научно-исследовательскими |
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институтами; |
4. |
угольны- |
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ми |
бассейнами). |
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защищать |
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диплом; |
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2. |
II. |
The |
student |
is |
going |
to |
... |
(1. |
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провести |
эксперимент; |
3. |
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принять |
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участие |
в |
конфе- |
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ренции). |
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III. A group of postgraduates |
took |
an interest |
in |
... |
(1. |
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проблемой |
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безопасности |
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в шахтах; |
2. |
маркшейдерией; |
3. |
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транспортным |
оборудованием; |
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4. открытой |
разработкой |
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(полезных |
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ископаемых) |
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район |
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IV. The |
scientist |
advanced |
the |
view |
that |
... |
(1. |
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богат |
нефтью; 2. |
в |
районе |
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имеется |
железо, |
черные |
и |
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цветные |
металлы; |
3. |
месторождение |
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меди |
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находится |
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недалеко |
от |
поверхности). |
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(раз)решить |
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V. They did their best (in order) to ... (1. |
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важную |
проблему; 2. создать |
новую |
теорию; |
3. |
основать |
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новый |
исследовательский |
центр; |
4. |
облегчить |
работу |
по |
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добыче |
угля). |
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... (1.разра- |
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VI. |
A . M . Terpigorev took an active part |
in |
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ботке |
научных |
методов |
газификации |
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угля; |
2. |
разработке |
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плана |
реконструкции |
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шахт |
Донбасса; |
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3. |
создании |
первых |
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учебников |
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по |
горному |
делу; |
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4. |
исследованиях |
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природных |
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богатств |
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страны). |
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XVIII. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями. Под-
83
твердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста 4Б. Используй-
те |
предлагаемые разговорные формулы: |
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to my mind; in my opinion; as is known; on the contrary; |
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I can't agree |
with you; I'd |
like to say a few words |
about; |
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I suppose |
so; |
I don't think |
so; that's where you are |
wrong; |
far from |
that; more than that; is that really so? |
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1. In |
1895 A. M. Terpigorev finished school with |
honours |
and decided to enter the university. 2. During his practical training A. M. Terpigorev visited a number of plants and collected material for his graduation paper which dealt with
metallurgy. |
3. A. M. Terpigorev took a particular |
interest |
in open-cast |
mining and wrote many books on this |
problem. |
4. Since 1930 A. M. Terpigorev headed the chair at the Leningrad Mining Institute. 5. A . M . Terpigorev wanted to work at the problem of coal gasification. 6. A. M. Terpigorev made a great contribution to mining and metallurgy.
XIX. а) Переспросите по образцу:
О б р а з е ц : A. M. Terpigorev studied the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy and mining. - >
Did he really study the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy and mining?
1. Students' |
specialization |
was |
based |
on |
descriptive |
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courses. 2. A. M .Terpigorev visited mines during |
his |
practi- |
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cal training. 3. |
His graduation |
paper |
dealt |
with |
the |
mining |
of |
flat seams |
in the Donbas. 4. Future scientist was awarded |
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a |
first-class |
diploma |
of a mining engineer. |
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б) Задайте вопросы по образцу, уточнив интересующие вас |
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детали: |
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О б р а з е ц : |
А. М. |
Terpigorev |
collected |
the |
material |
for |
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his graduation paper in the |
Donbas (where?) |
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Where did A. M. Terpigorev |
collect |
the |
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material for his graduation |
paper? |
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1. After the graduation from the Institute |
A. M. Terpi- |
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gorev worked |
at the |
Sulin mines, |
(where?) |
2. In 1922 A. M. |
Terpigorev moved to Moscow and headed the chair at the
Moscow |
Mining Academy, (when?) |
3. |
The scientist |
took a |
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particular |
interest |
in |
mine |
safety, |
(what |
problem?) |
4. |
His |
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work Coal |
Mining |
and |
Mine Transport |
Facilities |
gives a |
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complete |
description |
of |
the |
state |
of |
mechanization |
in |
the |
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Donbas. |
(what work?). |
5. A. |
M. Terpigorev, В. I. Boky |
and |
other prominent scientists made a great contribution to the development of mining, (who?)
84
*ХХ. Перескажите вкратце текст 4Б, используя следующие ключевые слова:
to finish school; to get higher education; to enter an institute; to study the full range of subjects; to visit mines; to deal with; to graduate from the institute; to work as manager; to accept an offer; to take an interest in; to work out problems; to be in charge of; to head the chair; to take an active part (in)
XXI. Расскажите о жизни и творчестве А. М. Терпигорева, используя следующие даты:
in 1873, in 1892, in 1897, in 1900, in 1922, in 1930
XXII. Расскажите вашему товарищу о научной деятельности А. М. Терпигорева. Ответьте на его вопросы, используя сочетания слов из упражнений XIX и XX, а также разговорные формулы (§ 89).
III
I. Прочитайте текст 4В без словаря. Определите его основную идею:
ТЕКСТ 4В |
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1. Russian and Soviet scientists have made |
даре!} To^ |
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develop mining |
and geology. |
One |
of the |
first contributors1" |
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to mining and |
geology was |
the |
great |
Russian |
scientist |
M. V. Lomonosov who connected the study of minerals and rocks with the science of chemistry and physics, discovered and formulated the laws1 of mining ventilation and mining geometry.
2. Among the most prominent Soviet geologists are A. P. Karpinsky, V. A. Obruchev, A. Y. Fersman, I. M. Gubkin and many others. Academician A. Y. ^ещнапгапкв among^those leading mineralogists who have tdnverTecTmineralogy'j from a purely descriptive science into a science based on the most
fundamental |
chemical |
investigations. As |
the |
organizer of |
the Geochemical Institute in Moscow, Academician A. Y. Fers- |
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man worked |
out the |
basic lines of the |
study |
of chemical |
elements and, in doing so, laid the foundation for the scientific surveying and prospecting for useful minerals. A number of scientific expedition^, to different parts of the country had bektvorganized by him. He was the leader of the important investigations in the Kara-Kum Desert resulting in the discovery2 of big sulphur deposits, the construction of a large preparation plant for the processing of sulphur and sulphur
85
products. |
Academician A. Y. Fersman |
led the |
expedition |
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to Central Asia, the Urals, the Altai, |
the Caucasus and the |
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Crimea. |
He is especially known for |
his |
detailed |
investiga- |
tions of the Kola Peninsula which led to the discovery of enormous apatite deposits and the development of a miningindustrial region in the Khibiny Mountains where new towns
had |
come into being. |
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3. Among the well-known scientists who have greatly |
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contributed |
to the development of mining |
are В. I. Boky, |
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M. M. |
Protodyakonov, |
A. A. |
Skochinsky, |
N. V. |
Melnikov |
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and |
others. |
Professor |
В. I. Boky's name |
is associated with |
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the |
solution |
of a number |
of |
significant |
technical |
problems |
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in the |
mining industry |
of |
the |
country, and |
in fact, |
with the |
whole trend in the development of the science of mining throughout the world — the analytical method of designing new collieries.
4. Credit for working out the theoretical principles of the exploration of deposits is due to Prof. M. M. Protodyakonov. His most remarkable works are those concerning the problems
of |
underground |
pressure3 and |
mine |
timbering.4 Prof. |
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M. M. |
Protodyakonov |
founded |
a |
school for the study of |
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rock |
pressure and |
its |
influence |
on |
mine |
timbering. |
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5. |
The leading |
organization |
in |
working out theoretical |
problems connected with mining in the USSR is the Mining Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences named after Alexander Skochinsky. A. A. Skochinsky was the director of the Institute. His deep interest in theoretical problems was always combined with wide engineering experience. He took a special interest in mining aerology. He discovered the laws
of the movement and control |
of the movement of air and |
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gases underground. |
His works |
are |
devoted |
to localization, |
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liquidation and |
prevention of |
underground |
fires.8 |
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I ~6. Academician |
N. V. Melnikov |
is ЛшГ'known for his |
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| investigations |
in |
the field of |
open-cast mining not only of |
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/ coal but also |
of |
ferrous and |
non-ferrous metals and other |
/minerals. He was engaged in the study of fuel energy resources and their utilization.
These are only a few facts about Russian and Soviet scientists who have made a great contribution to the development of mining and geology as science.
Пояснения к тексту 4B:
1. laws — законы
2, resulting in the discovery — в результате которых были открыты
86
3.underground pressure — горное давление
4.mine timbering — рудничное крепление
5. underground fire — подземный пожар
II. Выделите в каждой части текста ключевые слова. Озаглавьте каждую часть.
III.Найдите в каждом абзаце текста 4В предложение, выражающее его основную мысль.
IV. Назовите номера абзацев, в которых сообщается новая для вас информация.
V. Найдите в тексте факты, которые были вам уже известны.
VI. Определите, с именем каких ученых связана разработка следующих проблем:
1. The discovery of the laws of mining geometry. 2. The analytical method of designing new collieries. 3. The influence of rock pressure on mine timbering. 4. Fuel resources and their utilization.
VII. Найдите в тексте предложения, точно отвечающие на следующие вопросы:
1. What did the investigations of the |
Kara-Kum Desert |
led by A. Y. Fersman result in? 2. What |
was discovered in |
the Kola Peninsula as a result of Academician A. Y. Fersman's investigations there? 3. What method did В. I. Boky introduce into mining? 4. What is the leading organization in the USSR that works out theoretical problems connected with mining? 5. What problems did N. V. Melnikov pay special attention to?
VIII. Найдите в тексте 4B английские эквиваленты следующих русских сочетаний слов:
среди самых выдающихся советских геологов (1); чисто описательная наука, ряд научных экспедиций (2); обогатительная фабрика, обработка серы (2); фактически (3); следует отдать должное (4); предотвращение подземных пожаров (5); запасы энергетического топлива (6)
IX. Определите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует содержанию текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. Prominent Mining Scientists. 2. Prominent Geologists.
3. Soviet School of Mining and Geology.
X.а) Прослушайте, повторите за диктором и постарайтесь запомнить следующие сочетания слов:
to embrace different fields of geology — охватывать (включать) различные области геологии; to be engaged in
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studying and |
prospecting |
for |
oil —- заниматься изучением |
и разведкой |
нефти; to |
direct |
mining operations — руко- |
водить горными работами; combustible minerals — горючие
минералы; |
to estimate oil reserves — оценивать |
запасы |
нефти |
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б) Прослушайте и постарайтесь понять следующие |
сочетания |
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слов (книги |
закрыты): |
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stratigraphy and tectonics of the oil layers; research in petroleum
в) Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание.
г) Прослушайте текст еще раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
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1. |
What |
deposits did |
I. M. Gubkin take particular |
inter- |
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in? 2. What |
Institute |
did he found? 3. How many scien- |
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tific |
works |
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I. M. Gubkin write? |
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The |
text |
deals |
with |
the |
scientific |
and |
practical |
work of |
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Prof. |
I. |
M. |
Gubkin, |
the |
oil |
geologist |
who |
is known |
not |
only |
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in |
the USSR |
but also to geologists |
throughout the |
world. |
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Prof. |
I. M. |
Gubkin's |
work embraces |
different |
fields of |
geology. He studied geological formations in the Soviet
Union but |
particularly |
he |
took |
interest |
in |
the |
oil |
deposits |
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of |
the country and determined the stratigraphy and |
tectonics |
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the oil |
layers. |
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I. M. Gubkin was |
the |
first |
professor |
of |
the |
geology of |
oil deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute, of which he afterwards became the rector. He founded the Institute of Research in Petroleum of which he was the head for a long time. He gave lectures on the geology of world and Soviet oil deposits, creating a school of numerous pupils now engaged in studying and prospecting for oil on the territory of the USSR.
I. M. Gubkin directed the mining operations in the region of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly which led to the discovery of big deposits of iron ore at a depth of 200-300 metres from the surface.
He was Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and was elected vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the Academy he founded the Institute of Combustible Minerals of which he became the head.
Prof. I. M. Gubkin took an active part in compiling geological maps of the country. He was the author of a hundred and fifty scientific works. One of his last works which he
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wrote |
before |
his |
death |
was |
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Estimated |
Oil |
Reserves |
of the |
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Soviet |
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Union. |
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I. M. Gubkin made a great contribution to the |
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the Soviet science of |
geology. |
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КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ УРОКА 4 |
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Т е к с т |
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А. Упр. X — 3, 5, 6, 8. |
Упр. XII а) — 1/3, II/6, |
111/5, |
IV/8, |
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V/l, |
VI/2, |
VI1/9, |
VII1/4, |
IX/7. |
б) — |
1/5, |
11/10. |
III/7, |
IV/1, |
V/8, |
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VI/9, |
VII/11, VIII/4, 1Х/3, |
Х/2, |
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XI/6. |
Упр. XIII — 1/4, |
11/5, |
111/1» |
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IV/7, |
V/8, VI/2, |
VII/3, VI11/9, |
IX/6. Упр. XV а) — 1/V, |
2/11, |
3/IV, |
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4/I1I. |
б) |
— |
1/1, |
2/11, 3 / Ш . |
Упр. XVII |
— 1/6, |
3, |
1, 7, |
5, |
4, 2; |
II/1, |
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5, 8, |
2, |
3, 6, |
7, |
4; |
111/(2), 3, |
1, 5, |
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4, 7, 6 |
(2). |
Упр. XVIII |
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1/3, |
II/3, |
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III/2, |
IV/2, |
V/3. |
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II |
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Т е к с т |
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Б. |
Упр. |
IX — 3, 4, Б, |
6, 7. Упр. XI а) — 1/7, |
11/6, |
III/5, |
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IV/8, |
V/10, |
VI/1, |
VII/9, VI11/2, |
IX/4, |
Х/3. |
б) — 1/3, |
II/4, |
1II/7, |
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IV/8, |
V/2, VI/1, |
VI1/9, VII1/5, |
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IX/10, |
Х/6. |
Упр. XVI — 1/4, |
11/5, |
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Ш/6, |
1V/3, V/2, |
V1/1. |
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III |
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Т е к с т |
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В. Упр. IX — 3. |
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