Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdfavailable for carrying out experiments; to get mining education at special colleges and mining departments of universities; to train qualified specialists; to deal with the fundamentals of engineering science
VIII. Прочитайте текст ЗА. Назовите предложения, характеризующие систему обучения на горном факультете Ноттингемского университета:
ТЕКСТ ЗА
MINING EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
In Great Britain the students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. Very often people who have graduated in natural sciences and technology will study mining at postgraduate courses which train qualified specialists in mining.
For example, the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham ranks as one of the foremost teaching and research mining schools in Great Britain. The students come to the University from all parts of the country and from abroad. The close proximity of Nottingham to mines extracting coal and different metals makes it possible for the University to keep in close touch with new achievements in mining.
The aim of the training at the University is to give the student an understanding of applied science based on lectures, tutorial system,1 laboratory work and design classes. The
laboratory |
work trains the students |
in |
accurate |
recording |
of observations, the drawing of logical |
conclusions and pres- |
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entation of |
scientific reports. Besides, |
it |
gives the |
students |
an understanding of experimental methods and familiarizes thein with the characteristics of engineering materials, equipment and machines.
At Nottingham there are two types of laboratories, general and specialized. General laboratories deal with the fundamentals of engineering science and specialized ones study the more specialized problems in different branches of engineering.
During the final two years of his course the student will get a comprehensive training in surveying. Practical work both in the field and in drawing classes will form an important part of this course. Besides, the students will have practical work in survey camps during two weeks. The equipment
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available for carrying out traversing, levelling, tacheometric, and astronomical surveying is of the latest design.
The practical and laboratory work throughout the three or four years of study forms a very important part of the
course and students must obtain the required standard |
in |
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their laboratory course |
work before they pass from year |
to |
year and finally graduate. |
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British educational |
system is class-divided and selective. |
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It is fee-paying.2 One |
must say that the tuition fee at uni- |
versities and colleges is high and besides, a degree is no
guarantee |
of |
a |
job. With |
the increase |
in |
unemployment |
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throughout |
the |
British |
economy, |
the government cannot |
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guarantee |
employment |
for |
the graduates |
from colleges and |
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universities. |
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(to |
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continued) |
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Пояснения |
к тексту ЗА: |
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1. |
tutorial |
system — система |
прикрепления |
студентов к |
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отдельным |
консультантам |
(в |
университетах) |
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2. |
fee-paying — платный |
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IX. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. In Great Britain the students can get mining education only at special colleges. 2. The training at universities is based on tutorial system. 3. The laboratory work familiarizes the students with modern equipment. 4. There are three types
of laboratories at the University |
of Nottingham. 5. |
When |
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the |
students |
study surveying, they have practical |
work |
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both |
in the |
field and in drawing |
classes. |
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*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1.Where can one get mining education in Great Britain?
2.Is the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham one of the foremost research mining schools in Great Britain?
3.What makes it possible for the University to keep in close touch with the achievements in mining? 4. What are the students supposed to do in the laboratories? 5. Will the students have practical work in survey camps or in the laboratories? 6. What do the students use surveying equipment for? 7. Can the government guarantee employment for the
graduates from colleges and universities?
XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
4* |
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I. electrical |
engineering |
1. |
аспиранты |
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II. applied sciences |
2. |
получать |
хорошие |
ре- |
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зультаты |
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III. |
postgraduates |
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3. |
записывать |
наблюдения |
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IV. in proximity to mines |
4. |
электротехника |
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V. to |
draw logical |
conclu- |
5. |
прикладные науки |
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sions |
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6. |
поблизости |
от шахт |
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VI. |
to |
obtain |
good |
results |
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VII. |
to |
record |
observations |
7. делать логические |
выво- |
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ды |
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б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
I.гарантировать занятость (работу) выпускникам высшей школы
II.проводить исследования
III. с другой стороны
IV. посещать лекции и практические занятия
V.нивелирование и горизонтальная съемка
VI. научный доклад
VII. поддерживать |
кон- |
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такт |
с |
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VIII. как |
в |
лаборатории, |
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так |
и |
на |
полевой |
практике |
(в полевых |
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условиях) |
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1. on the other hand
2. to keep in touch with
3.to guarantee employment for the graduates from colleges
4. |
to |
carry |
out |
research (to |
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be |
engaged |
in |
research) |
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5. |
scientific |
report |
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6. |
both |
in |
the |
laboratory |
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and |
in the field |
7.levelling and traversing
8.to attend lectures and classes
XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя выделенные слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:
I. require, II. required, III. requirement(s)
1. The mining methods of the future ... a greater knowledge of electronics and programmed methods. 2. Modern collieries and opencasts must meet the ... of science and engineering. That is why collieries and open-cast mines must keep in touch with the achievements in mining. 3. The
practical and |
laboratory work throughout the study help |
the students |
obtain the ... standard before they graduate. |
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XIII. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите полученные сочетания слов:
A. to attend, to introduce, to |
train, to |
get, |
to |
draw, |
to present, to deal with, to solve, |
to carry |
out, |
to |
depend |
upon |
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Б. postgraduates, scholarship, lectures and classes, fundamentals of engineering, specialists, higher education, conclusions, new methods, scientific reports, problems, research, courses in engineering
XIV. Переведите на английский язык сочетания слов с предлогами "throughout" через, по всей площади (длине); все время, в течение всего времени и "during" в течение, во время:
по всей стране; по всему району; в течение всего месяца; по всему угольному бассейну; в течение двух недель; в течение года; в течение семестра
XV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность слова "one". Назовите номера предложений, в которых "one" выступает заменителем ранее упомянутого существительного.
1. In Great Britain one can get |
higher |
education at |
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colleges and universities. 2. Oxford, |
famous |
for |
its oldest |
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university |
in Britain, is |
now one of |
the |
most |
important |
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centres of the motor-car industry. 3. |
The |
speaker |
touched |
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upon only |
one important |
problem — the |
state |
of |
higher |
education in Great Britain. 4. The training of mining engineers and geologists includes a comprehensive study of general subjects as well as specialized ones. 5. In the laboratory
students |
learn to design |
new collieries and quarries, to build |
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modern |
mines, |
dressing plants and reconstruct old ones. |
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XVI. Переведите |
предложения, обращая внимание на значение "both" |
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и |
"both ... |
and": |
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1. |
In |
Great |
Britain |
one can get mining education both |
at special colleges and at mining departments of universities.
2. Practical work |
both in the field arid in |
drawing classes |
is very important |
for the future surveyor. 3. |
The mining in- |
stitutes design their courses to give more attention both to basic engineering and mathematics. Both subjects are of great importance for the future engineer. 4. The library has both scientific books and foreign journals. 5. A new institute will train both geologists and mining engineers. 6. Both methods of prospecting are in use.
XVII. Прочитайте предложения. Назовите номера предложений, в которых сказуемое выражено глаголом в простом будущем времени (The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense). Проверьте себя no ключу:
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1. The plants increase the production of mining equipment every year. 2. In future the plants will considerably increase the production of conveyers and surveying equipment. Last year they produced new equipment for carrying out levelling and tacheometric surveying. 3. Will the laboratory work help the students in accurate recording of observations?
XVIII. Составьте предложения из следующих слов. Проверьте себя
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по |
ключу: |
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I. 1) have, 2) both, 3) and laboratory, 4) will, 5) practi- |
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cal, 6) |
the |
undergraduates, |
7) work. |
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II. |
1) |
will, 2) the students, 3) training, 4) surveying, |
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5) |
in, 6) |
have? |
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III. |
1) work, 2) in, 3) we, 4) the prospecting party, |
5) shall, |
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6) |
next |
summer. |
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IV. |
1) not, 2) carry out, |
3) the students, 4) experiments, |
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5) |
will, |
6) |
their, 7) |
tomorrow. |
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XIX. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, если это необходимо, |
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выбрав |
глагол "shall (should)" или "will (would)": |
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1. At the institutes the students must learn how to use |
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electronic |
computers |
which |
... play a large role in |
mining |
operations of the future. 2. The manager of the colliery said that after the reorganization of the colliery it ... produce about 6,000,000 tons of coking coal annually. 3. The students
must obtain the required standard of practical and |
theoreti- |
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cal knowledge |
before they |
... graduate. |
4. |
The |
rector of |
the institute informed the students that |
they |
... have their |
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practical training at modern |
collieries, quarries and |
dressing |
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plants. 5. When |
the students |
... graduate |
from the |
institute, |
they will deal with the discovery and prospecting of mineral fields.
XX. Переведите предложения, используя следующие сочетания слов:
to make experiments; to train specialists; |
to keep in |
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touch with; to present |
a report, fee-paying; to |
get higher |
education; educational |
establishments |
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В Великобритании университеты и колледжи готовят специалистов для горной промышленности. Учебные заведения поддерживают связь с шахтами, карьерами и обогатительными фабриками. Студенты посещают лекции и практические занятия. Они проводят эксперименты и представляют научные доклады. Высшее образование плат-
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ное. Не все молодые люди могут получить высшее образование.
*ХХ1. а) Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых действие относится к будущему времени. Выпишите сказуемые в форме инфинитива.
б) Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуе- мые употреблены в простом настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. Переведите предложения.
*ХХН. Напишите четыре основные формы глаголов:
to deal, to get, to give, to keep, to say, to understand
XXIII. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:
I am afraid that's wrong; you are not quite right; that's not quite so; as far as I know; on the contrary; in fact; in my opinion; to my mind; I don't think so; according to the text
1. Nottingham is situated far from collieries and quarries. The university cannot keep in close touch with new achievements in mining. 2. The training at the university is based only on lectures. 3. At the University of Nottingham there is only one type of laboratories. 4. Education does not depend upon the British economy.
*XXIV. Перескажите вкратце содержание текста ЗА, используя следующие ключевые слова:
can get, will study, will depend on, come to, makes it
possible, is to give, trains the students, there |
are, |
to |
deal |
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with, will get, will form, will have, must |
obtain |
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XXV. Расскажите |
о |
подготовке |
специалистов |
горно-геологического |
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профиля |
в Великобритании |
вашим друзьям |
и ответьте |
на их |
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вопросы, используя активную лексику урока и разговорные фор- |
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мулы (§ |
89). |
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II |
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Грамматика: |
Времена |
группы |
Perfect — §§ 53—56. |
Значение |
и |
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употребление o n l y — § |
79. Значение и употребление |
that |
(those) |
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- § 76. |
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I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов: |
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advance |
[ad'va:ns] |
п |
прогресс, |
продвигаться вперед; |
advanced |
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успех; |
продвижение |
вперед; v |
courses |
курсы |
по расширенной |
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делать |
успехи, |
развиваться, |
программе |
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authority [o:'0oriti] n администрация; начальство
differ ['difs] v (from) отличаться (от); difference n различие, разница; different а различный; syn various
excavate ['ekskaveit] v добывать (уголь)-, вырабатывать полезное ископаемое открытым способом; вынимать (грунт)-, excavation п открытая разработка, разработка карьером; разрез, карьер; surface excavation открытая разработка; syn open-cast (opencast)
experience [iks'pwrisns] n жизненный опыт; опыт работы; стаж
found [faund] v основывать; syn establish, set up; foundation n
основание; учреждение; основа; lay the foundation положить начало чему-л., заложить основу чего-л.
manage ['пиеп^з] v управлять, заведовать, справляться, уметь обращаться; management п управление, заведование; правление, дирекция; management
studies наука об управлении mean [mi:n] (meant) v значить, иметь значение; подразумевать; намереваться, иметь в виду; means п, pi средства; meaning п значение; by means
of посредством (чего-л.) metalliferous [/mets'lif(a)ras] a
содержащий металл, рудоносный
preliminary [pri'hm(i)n3ri] a предварительный; preliminary course подготовительные курсы
realize |
['rialaiz] |
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v представлять |
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себе; |
понимать |
(во |
всех |
дета- |
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лях) ; syn |
understand |
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recognize |
['rekaSnaiz] |
v |
призна- |
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вать; |
узнавать |
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work |
out ['wa:k 'aut] v разраба- |
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тывать |
(план)-, |
решать |
задачу |
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to |
be |
of |
interest |
представлять |
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интерес |
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to |
give |
instructions преподавать; |
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in |
syn |
to |
teach |
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addition |
(to) |
к |
тому же, кро- |
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ме |
того |
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such |
as |
такой, |
как |
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И. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
the college authority; industrially experienced engineers; a wide range of subjects; a wide range of interests; a new meaning of the word; means of production; full-time and part-time education; the preliminary course of study; oil technology; mine surveying; surface excavation; difficult conditions of work; management system; graduation paper; advanced courses; extractive industries; powder metal; average coal output; to improve knowledge; to save fuel resources; that is why
III. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:
a technical college; a preliminary course; professional training; a good tradition; a technically advanced profession; industrially experienced engineers; highly qualified specialists; the organization'of the academic year; three-term system;
examination tests; to"recommend for entry to |
the university; |
to take examinations; to interview all the |
candidates; to |
select candidates |
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IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод прилагательных с суффиксом "-ous":
1. The department deals with the whole range of extrac- tive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining. 2. The famous universities of Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest ones in Great Britain dating from 1249 and 1284. They are recognized centres of education. 3. The graduates from the Mining Engineering Department work in various fields of the country's economy.
V.Прочитайте следующие предложения и найдите в каждом из них группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите предложения:
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"i |
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а) 1. |
The engineer has just graduated from the mining |
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engineering department. 2. This year the college |
authority |
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has introduced |
a new course in environmental protection. |
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3. Have |
you ever been in the mine? 4. A group of students |
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has not |
yet solved the problem of using a new method in |
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their work. 5. Mining has now become a technically |
advanced |
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branch |
of industry. |
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б) 1. |
A group of experienced engineers began |
to design' |
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and construct a |
new, more powerful mining equipment for • |
opencasts two years ago. This year they have finished their
work. (The equipment is ready for use in industry.) |
2. Some |
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years ago coal was the only fuel available in |
Great |
Britain. |
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In |
1969 they |
discovered oil in the North Sea. But still coal |
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has |
remained |
the major fuel used in |
power |
stations. |
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в) Until |
recently Britain's heavy |
industry was |
mainly |
in the centre of England and in the London region. Such
towns |
as Birmingham, Coventry |
and |
Sheffield produced |
heavy |
machinery, motor-cars and |
other |
equipment. These |
old industrial centres have developed new branches of in-
dustry: electronics, radio, the chemical |
industry and |
others. |
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VI. Прочитайте |
вслух |
следующие |
слова: |
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a) [asJ — 'manager, |
'bachelor, |
'candidate, ex'tractive |
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[э:1 — con'fer, 'surface, re'search, |
re'searcher |
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Ы — rock, |
'quarry, |
'college, au'thority |
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[i:] — leave, de'gree, |
need, |
mean, |
'meaning |
«, |
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[лJ — such, |
some, |
'subject, |
'study, |
en'courage, |
in'dus- |
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trially |
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b : l — four, |
form, |
a'ward |
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6) Cardiff t'ka:dif]; Newcastle ['nju: ka:sl]; Wales [weilzl; Welsh [welj]
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в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:
the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science; the range of extractive industries; special methods of encouraging students; intensive tutorial system; a technically advanced profession; industrially experienced engineers
VII. Прочитайте текст ЗБ. Обратите внимание на особенности системы образования в университетах Великобритании:
ТЕКСТ ЗБ
MINING EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
(continued)
At present in Great Britain there are a number of technical institutions which give instructions in mechanical engineering, mining, metallurgy, etc. These institutions provide full-time and part-time education. It should be noted that technical colleges confer diplomas1 to college graduates.
A university graduate will leave with the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science,2 which is an academic qualification awarded by universities.
For example, the University in Cardiff has become one of the largest in Wales. It is one of the four colleges which
together with the Welsh National |
School |
of Medicine form |
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the University of Wales. There is |
the Mining |
Engineering |
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Department in the University of |
Wales. |
The |
Department |
deals with the whole range of extractive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oil technology.
After graduating from the college a student can be recommended for entry to the university by the college authority
and he |
can |
apply for admission to the university.3 |
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At the Mining Department students may take several |
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courses such |
as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying, |
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quarrying, |
management studies and others. It has become |
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a tradition |
that the courses are based on an intensive |
tutorial |
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system. |
It |
means that |
students are |
allotted4 |
to |
members |
of the |
teaching staff5 |
for individual |
tuition6 |
separately in |
mining, in quarrying and in mine surveying. The system is ^founded on that of the older universities of Great Britain.
At the Department of Mining Engineering of the Newcastle University mining has now become a technically advanced profession. The Department of Mining Engineering trains industrially experienced engineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation. For many years the Mining Engineering Department at
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Newcastle has recognized the need for highly-qualified engineers and realized that the courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation are of great importance for mining engineers.
At the University a student studies for three or four years. The organization of the academic year is based on a threeterm system which usually runs from about the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of
January to the end of March and |
from the middle of |
April |
to the end of June or the beginning |
of July. The students |
take |
examinations at the end of each term. The Examining Board7 works out special examination tests.
Admission to the British universities is by examination and selection. The minimum age for admission to the fouryear course is normally 18 years. Departments usually interview all the candidates. The aim of the interview is to select better candidates.
Пояснения |
к тексту ЗБ: |
|
|
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1. |
confer diplomas — присуждают |
дипломы |
|
||
2. |
Bachelor |
of |
Arts — бакалавр |
искусств; |
Bachelor of |
|
Science — бакалавр наук — ученые степени, присуждае- |
||||
|
мые в Англии |
и в США оканчивающим |
университет |
3.to apply for admission to the university (college) — подать заявление о приеме в университет (колледж)
4.are allotted — распределяются
5.teaching staff — профессорско-преподавательский состав
6.tuition — обучение
7.Examining Board — экзаменационная комиссия
VIII. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. At present there are about a hundred technical institutions in Great Britain. 2. It should be noted that British colleges confer degrees. 3. As a rule the college authority recommends the graduates for entry to the university. 4. At the Mining Engineering Department of the University of Wales the students study only metalliferous mining. 5. At the Mining Engineering Department the courses are based on an intensive tutorial system. 6. The Mining Engineering Department at the Newcastle University has recognized the importance of teaching rock mechanics and surface excavation (open-cast mining).
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