Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdfThe recent introduction of automated systems of planning and computer technique ... it possible to increase the effi-
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XVII. Составьте предложения |
из |
следующих слов. |
Проверьте |
себя |
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по ключу: |
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I. |
1) only a few, 2) were, 3) higher |
mining |
schools, |
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the |
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country, 5) there, 6) in. |
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II. |
1) new, 2) and, 3) scientific, 4) |
in, 5) |
there |
appeared, |
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6) research, |
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the |
town, |
8) |
institutions. |
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III. |
1) open-cast |
mines, |
2) are, |
3) |
there, 4) in, 5) the |
area? |
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IV. |
1) were, |
2) industrial, |
3) |
in, |
4) |
enterprises, |
5) |
there, |
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6) the region, 7) no. |
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XVIII. Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются следующие |
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предложения: |
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1. |
Yes, |
they |
did. The |
scientists |
carried |
out |
researches |
in the field of geology and mining. 2. No, there were not.
There were only a |
few higher mining schools in the country. |
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3. |
No, it |
did |
not. The Academy established close contacts |
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with |
the |
coal |
and |
ore mining industries. 4. Yes, they did. |
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The |
Soviet |
people |
took an active part in the development |
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of |
heavy |
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industry. |
*XIX. Найдите в тексте 2A предложения, в которых сказуемые выражены глаголами в форме простого прошедшего времени (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense).
*XX. Переведите предложения, используя следующие сочетания слов:
there appeared; to establish close contacts with; to carry out researches; to train engineers and technicians; to call for specialists
1. Московская горная академия готовила инженеров и техников для горной и металлургической промышленности. 2. Ученые проводили научные исследования в области геологии, горного дела и металлургии. 3. Академия устанавливала тесные контакты с угольными бассейнами и промышленными предприятиями. 4. Быстрое развитие промышленности в стране требовало подготовки высококвалифицированных специалистов. 5. В стране появились новые специальные учебные заведения.
XXI. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:
1 don't think so; on the contrary; to my mind; in my opinion; as far as 1 know; as is known; in fact
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1. The task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining specialists only. 2. The Academy established contacts with the representatives of all branches of industries. 3. There were five departments in the Academy. 4. There were only Russian books in the library of the Academy.
XXH. а) Переспросите по образцу:
О б р а з е ц : The Moscow Mining Academy was the first Soviet higher school of mining.—> Was the
Moscow Mining Academy really the first Soviet higher school of mining?
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1. The Academy |
established close contacts |
with |
the coal |
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and |
ore industries. |
2. The scientists carried |
out important |
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researches. 3. There |
were |
three different departments in the |
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Mining Academy. 4. |
The rapid growth of the mining |
industry |
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led |
to the establishment |
of new higher schools. |
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б) Уточните интересующие вас детали высказывания:
О б р а з е ц : There were three departments in the Academy: mining, geological prospecting and metallurgical. (how many)—> Sorry, how many departments were there in the Academy?
1. The miners were in need of technical education |
(who?). |
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2. There were |
only a |
few higher educational |
establishments |
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which trained |
geologists and mining engineers |
(how |
many?) |
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3. The Academy had well equipped laboratories and |
demon- |
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stration rooms |
(what?). |
4. The Academy established close |
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contacts with the coal and ore mining industries |
(with |
what?). |
5. New collieries and open-cast mines appeared in different parts of the country (what, where?).
XXIII. а) Составьте план к тексту 2А; б) Перескажите вкратце содержание текста 2А, используя план, а также следующие ключевые слова:
was in need of; according to the decree; |
there were; |
was |
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the first; established close contacts with; |
wrote |
the |
first |
text-book on; appeared; called for; took an |
active |
part |
in; |
was transformed; grew out |
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XXIV. Побеседуйте с вашим другом о Московской горной академии. Спросите, какие там были факультеты; как развивалась научная деятельность; каково значение академии в развитии горного дела в стране. Используйте активную лексику уроков 1 и 2, вопросительные слова "where", "when", "who", "why", "how many", а также разговорные формулы (§ 89).
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II
Грамматика: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты — §§ 44—47. Повелительное наклонение — § 35. Местоимение — §§ 26—33. Значение и употребление because и because of — § 78.
I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов: |
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capacity |
[ka'paesiti] п |
мощность; |
quarry |
['kwan] |
п |
карьер; |
раз- |
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емкость; |
производительность; |
рез; |
открытая |
разработка; syn |
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(for) способность (к чему-л.) |
opencast |
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(open-cast), |
openpit |
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change |
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[tjeindj] |
v |
изменять(ся), |
(open-pit) |
(англ); |
strip |
mine |
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менять(ся); syn transform, al- |
(амер) |
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ter; |
n |
изменение, |
перемена; |
range |
[remd3] |
n |
область; сфера; |
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превращение |
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предел; |
диапазон; |
радиус |
дей- |
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composition |
[(kampa'zi,f(a)n] п |
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ствия; ряд; |
серия |
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структура, |
состав |
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regardless |
[ri'cjcudlis] |
of |
prep |
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connect [ka'nekt] v соедипять(ся); |
независимо |
от |
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syn |
combine, link |
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rock [гак] п горная порода |
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consist [kan'sist] v (of) состоять |
shape |
[i'eip] |
п |
форма; |
to |
take |
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из; |
syn |
be |
made |
of |
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the |
shape |
of |
smth |
принимать |
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deal |
[di:l] |
(dealt) v (with) |
иметь |
форму чего-л. |
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дело |
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с; |
рассматривать |
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план; |
skill [skil] л мастерство; |
умение; |
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design |
[di'zamj n |
проект; |
skilled а |
квалифицированный; |
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чертеж; |
конструкция; |
v |
про- |
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опытный; |
умелый |
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ектировать, |
планировать; |
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кон- |
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subject |
[ 'sAbdgikt] |
п |
предмет |
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струировать |
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(изучения) |
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determine |
[di'ta:min] |
v |
опреде- |
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survey |
['sa:vei] я |
съемка, |
марк- |
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лять, |
устанавливать |
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шейдерская |
съемка; |
v произ- |
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field |
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[fi:ld] |
п |
область, |
сфера |
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водить |
топографическую |
или |
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деятельности; |
поле, |
участок, |
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маркшейдерскую |
съемку, |
про- |
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месторождение; |
бассейн; |
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syn |
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изводить |
изыскания; я |
survey- |
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basin, |
branch |
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ing |
съемка; |
маркшейдерские |
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graduate ['graedjueit] |
v окончить |
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работы |
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(высшее |
учебное |
заведение); |
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thus [5AS] таким |
образом |
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амер |
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окончить |
любое |
учебное |
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value fvaslju:] п ценность, |
стои- |
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заведение; graduate ['«jraedjurt] |
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мость; |
величина; |
v |
ценить, |
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п |
лицо, |
окончившее |
высшее |
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оценивать; |
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valuable а ценный |
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учебное |
заведение; |
undergrad- |
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uate |
(student) |
студент |
послед- |
enter |
an |
institute |
(university) |
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него |
курса; |
postgraduate |
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(stu- |
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поступить |
в |
институт |
(универ- |
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dent) |
аспирант; |
graduation |
pa- |
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ситет) |
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per дипломная |
работа |
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entrance |
examinations |
вступи- |
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offer ['ofa] v предлагать (помощь, |
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тельные |
экзамены |
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работу); |
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предоставлять; |
п |
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full-time |
(part-time) |
students |
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предложение |
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студенты |
дневного |
(вечернего) |
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property |
['propati] |
п |
свойство |
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отделения |
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П. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
ore mining; useful minerals; valuable mineral deposits; underground or open-cast operations; soil mechanics; mine surveying; rock mechanics; physical properties of rocks; a wide range of engineering knowledge; large capacity collier-
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ies; prospecting parties; applied science; skilled specialists; evening and correspondence departments; post-graduate students; skilled workers
III. Определите |
значения выделенных |
слов по сходству их корней |
с корнями |
соответствующих слов |
в русском языке: |
special institutes; geologists and mining engineers; mechanical and electrical engineers; social sciences; specialized subjects; the type of specialization and qualification; theoretical courses; economic geology; structural geology; to prospect for minerals; skilled engineering specialists; mining operations; mining technology; hydraulic engineering; electrical engineering; industrial electronics; mine machinery laboratories; control systems; rock mechanics; the use of computers; mineral dressing; mining research and its practical application; prospecting parties
IV. а) Переведите существительные с суффиксом "-ion (-tion, -ation)":
graduation, construction, education, specialization, operation
б) Заполните пропуски существительными, образованными от выделенных глаголов:
1. In the mine machinery laboratory the students design and construct machines and test them in mines. The undergraduates took part in the ... of a new conveyer. 2. The students can graduate from the Mining Institute as mining
mechanical engineers or as mining |
electrical engineers. |
After ... they get jobs according to |
their specialization. |
3. At the geological institutes undergraduates specialize in geology. These institutes also offer different ...s which the students may take. 4. Large-capacity collieries operate in different regions of the country. The aim is to introduce mechanization and automation in underground ...s. 5. The task of Soviet higher school is to educate highly-qualified specialists. Every Soviet citizen has the right to get ... .
V.Определите значения слов "capacity" и "field" в контексте:
А.1. The increase in the output of ores required the construction of large open-cast mines and the development of high-capacity machines and equipment. 2. A turbine of more than a million-kw capacity is in operation. It works at full
capacity. 3. The bucket (ковш) capacity |
of modern |
draglines |
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is from 40 to 100 cubic |
metres. |
4. The |
productive |
capacity |
or output of a mine is the amount |
of mineral which it |
produces |
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in a unit (единица) of |
time. |
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3—2132 |
/ |
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Б. 1. The students who specialize in geology receive practical training in prospecting parties, in mines and oil
fields. 2. As is known, |
mining and geological conditions of |
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Soviet coal-fields are |
different. |
3. The |
Soviet scientists |
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carry |
out researches in |
all fields of science. 4. Geology is |
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not |
limited to prospecting for |
minerals. |
It embraces far |
wider fields. 5. Soviet scientists and mining engineers carry out researches in the field of mining engineering.
VI. Прочитайте следующий текст и озаглавьте его. В каждом предложении найдите группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Обратите внимание на значение модальных глаголов:
Great attention is paid in the Soviet Union to engineering
education. Much depends |
on today's |
students. |
They will |
be tomorrow's engineers, |
geologists, |
designers, |
economists, |
etc. They will have to cope with the tasks which the country
will set before them. Today a student is to get a much |
greater |
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amount of |
new information and this amount is growing all |
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the time. Future specialists must acquire professional |
knowl- |
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edge and skills and get modern methods of scientific |
research, |
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advanced |
production |
technology, its organization |
and |
man- |
agement. |
Engineers |
of a new type cannot be trained |
apart |
from modern production, science and technology.
They are to take an active part in accelerating scientific and technological progress.
VII. |
а) Прочитайте |
вслух |
следующие слова: |
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Ы |
— 'college, |
'knowledge, |
'colliery, |
'rock, 'offer |
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[as! — 'graduate, |
'value, |
'language, |
'practical |
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[л J — 'number, |
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'subject, 'study, 'other, thus, us |
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tail |
— de'sign, |
de'signer, 'time, 'mine, 'mining, 'science |
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If J — 'physics, |
phi'losophy, |
'graphics, phe'nomenon, 'phys- |
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ical |
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Ik] — me'chanical, 'chemist, 'chemistry, me'chanics, tech- 'nology
[JJ — ma'chine, ma'chinery
б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:
know [nou] — knowledge ['nohdgj; modernize ['modanaiz] — modernization ^modanai'zeiJnJ; specialize ['speJalaiz] — specialization ^spejalai'zeijn]; thorough ['OAraJ
— thoroughly ['ЭлгэЫ
в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:
mining engineers of underground or open-cast operations; mine machinery laboratories; the mine electrical engineering
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course; the growth of the science of rock mechanics; the planning and control systems for mines and quarries; to give more
attention to |
basic |
engineering |
and |
mathematics |
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VIII. Прочитайте текст 2Б и найдите |
в |
нем предложения, |
в которых |
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( |
говорится |
о том: |
1) |
что изучает |
геология; 2) |
какие |
основные |
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дисциплины должны |
изучать будущие |
геологи |
и горные инже- |
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неры: |
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ТЕКСТ 2Б
MINING AND GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTES
IN THE SOVIET UNION
I
In the Soviet Union the students can get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time and part-time students as
well as the students who study |
at the evening or correspond- |
ence departments. This number |
also includes post-graduate |
students. |
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A lot of students come to |
the institute from industry. |
The curricula1 consist of three basic divisions: the social sciences, general science which forms the basis for the
study of specialized subjects and |
subjects which determine |
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the type of specialization |
and |
qualification. |
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Regardless of the type of school, all students must study |
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social sciences. |
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Soviet higher educational establishments offer different |
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specializations which |
the |
students |
may take. Thus, at the |
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geological institutes the students |
specialize |
in geology, |
the |
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science which deals with different |
problems |
connected |
with |
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the Earth, its history, |
the |
study |
of |
rocks, their physical |
and |
chemical properties. One of the main tasks of geology is to discover and study the deposits of useful minerals.
Geology is not only a theoretical science but also an applied science. For example, mining geology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, mining geology
includes |
economic geology which is connected |
with valuable |
mineral |
deposits and with structural geology. |
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V. A. |
Obruchev, the outstanding Soviet |
geologist, says |
that geology is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology teaches us to understand Nature and learn how it
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developed. Moreover, |
it helps |
prospect for ores, |
coal, oil, |
salt and other useful minerals. |
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This science is not |
limited |
to prospecting for |
minerals |
and studying them, it embraces a far wider field. To erect buildings, lay roads, railways, build collieries we must study local ground, we must know its composition and structure.
II
The mining institutes offer different specializations. For example, students leave the Mining Institute as mining engineers, mining mechanical engineers or as mining electrical engineers. These institutes train skilled engineering specialists for the mining industries.
The students who specialize in mining operations will graduate as mining engineers of underground or open-cast operations. In both courses they study mining technology, mine machinery and transport, geological sciences, hydraulic engineering, basic electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, physical properties of rocks, chemistry of rocks, surveying, mineral dressing and other subjects.
Underground miners study ventilation. On the other hand, open-cast miners must take more geological sciences than the underground miners because they deal with soil mechanics.
The students take an active part in research work in mine machinery laboratories in which they design and construct machines and test them in mines. The mine electrical engineering course pays much attention to automation. The students study control systems and computers. Mechanical and electrical engineers may specialize in underground or open-pit
mining or |
in |
mineral dressing. Mechanical engineers may |
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specialize |
in |
the designing of mining machinery. |
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Among the various specializations which the mining insti- |
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tutes can |
offer is the course which trains a new type of min- |
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ing engineer |
whose |
function is to provide the bridge |
between |
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mining research and |
its practical application. The |
need for |
the mining engineering physicist has become obvious because of the growth of the science of rock mechanics.
There are also courses which deal with environmental protection, planning and control systems for mines, quarries and open-pits. The Moscow Mining Institute, for example,
has the departments of "Operations Research" |
and |
"Auto- |
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matized Control |
Systems" |
which |
train specialists |
for |
this |
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new type of job. |
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Mining |
needs |
a |
wide |
range |
of engineering |
knowledge. |
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In mining |
as in |
all |
other industries economic |
factors |
are |
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important. To cope with this problem the mining institutes give more attention to basic engineering and mathematics.
Close connection with life and practical work is one of the main principles of the Soviet educational system. Every student is to go through industrial training at large capacity collieries, open-cast mines, quarries, dressing plants and prospecting parties to get practical knowledge there.
Пояснение к тексту 2Б:
1. curriculum [ka'rikjubm] (pi. curricula) курс обучения; учебный план (в институте, университете).
IX. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. Geology is a theoretical science. 2. Economic geology deals with valuable mineral deposits. 3. Building engineers do not apply geology in their work. 4. The students who specialize in underground or open-cast operations must study surveying. 5. Mining and geological institutes pay great attention to computer education. 6. Graduates of mining institutes can work as mining engineers in quarries and underground mines. 7. All the students have practical training in laboratories where they familiarize (знакомить) themselves
with |
modern equipment |
and apparatus. 8. Every student |
is to go through practical |
training at mines, quarries or dress- |
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ing |
plants. |
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*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
I. Where can one get mining education in the Soviet Union? 2. What does geology study? 3. How did V. A. Obruchev define (определять) geology? 4. Does geology deal only with prospecting for useful minerals? 5. What specialization does the Mining Institute offer? 6. What subjects do the students who specialize in open-cast mining study? 7. Where are the students to go through practical training?
XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
I. properties of |
rocks |
1. |
проектировать |
горные |
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II. undergraduates |
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машины |
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2. |
широкий круг |
проблем |
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III. to carry out scientif- |
3. |
курс по разработке |
руд- |
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ic |
research |
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ных месторождений |
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IV. to |
deal with |
survey- |
4. |
свойства горных |
пород |
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ing |
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V. to design |
mining ma- |
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5. |
открытая |
разработка |
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chines |
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VI. on the other |
hand |
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6. вести научно-исследова- |
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тельскую |
работу |
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VII. |
concentration |
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студенты |
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ing) |
plants |
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курса) |
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VIII . |
a wide range of prob- |
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8. иметь |
дело |
с |
маркшей- |
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lems |
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дерией |
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IX. a course |
in |
ore min- |
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9. |
с |
другой |
стороны |
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ing |
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10. |
обогатительные фабри- |
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X. open-cast |
mining |
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б) |
Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих |
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сочетаний слов. Проверьте |
себя |
по |
ключу: |
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I. |
маркшейдерия |
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1. |
valuable |
deposits |
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II. поступать в институт |
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2. |
qualified |
engineers |
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III. |
оканчивать |
высшее |
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3. |
to take (the) shape of |
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учебное |
заведение |
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(smth) |
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IV. проектировать |
карье- |
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4. |
surveying |
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ры |
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5. |
to |
design |
quarries |
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V. учиться |
заочно |
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VI. большие |
изменения |
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6. |
to |
graduate |
from the in- |
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VII. состоять |
из |
различ- |
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stitute |
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7. to |
study |
by |
correspond- |
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ных |
пород |
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ence |
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VIII. |
квалифицирован ные |
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8. |
to |
consist |
of |
different |
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инженеры |
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rocks |
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IX. принимать форму (че- |
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great changes |
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го-л.) |
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X. ценные |
месторожде- |
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to |
enter |
an |
institute |
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ния |
полезных |
иско- |
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паемых |
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XII. Подберите к |
существительным |
из списка А |
соответствующие |
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прилагательные |
из |
списка |
Б: |
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A.I. properties, II. output, III. workers, IV. development, V. equipment, VI. ore, VII. subjects, VIII. area, IX. train-
ing, X. scientist, XI. minerals
Б. 1) basic, 2) rich, 3) practical, 4) prominent (outstanding), 5) annual, 6) rapid, 7) reliable, 8) skilled, 9) vast, 10) physical, 11) valuable
XIII. Определите, какое слово в каждом ряду (А, Б, В) не подходит к группе остальных близких по значению слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
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О б р а з е ц : |
probably, |
perhaps, |
of |
course, |
maybe. |
О т- |
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в e т: of |
course |
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A. 1) open-pit, 2) quarry, 3) |
strip |
mine, |
4) to 6pen |
up, |
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5) opencast, |
6) open-cast mine |
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Б. 1) to use, 2) to employ, 3) |
to |
apply, 4) |
to offer, 5) |
util- |
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ize |
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B. 1) principal, 2) basic, 3) main, 4) major, 5) principle
XIV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слов "because" и "because of":
1. Graduates are to know different control systems because of their wide use in production processes. 2. The miners were able to increase the output because the geological conditions were favourable. 3. The miners were able to begin the work because of the favourable geological conditions.
XV. Переведите сочетания слов с предлогом "regardless of" —
независимо от (невзирая на):
независимо от выбранной специальности, независимо от типа высшего учебного заведения, невзирая на трудные геологические условия, независимо от проекта
XVI. Прочитайте предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на способы выражения просьбы и приказания в английском языке:
1. There is a modern laboratory at our college. The students learn how to make experiments there. Let us go to the
laboratory now. |
We shall |
show |
you new |
mining |
machines |
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and equipment. |
2. |
Let him |
tell |
us about |
his research work. |
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As far as I know, |
it |
deals with the use of computer |
techniques |
in underground mining. 3. Let her make a report on the latest
achievements in open-cast |
mining. 4. Do not (don't) forget |
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that you should be present at |
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the |
conference |
which |
is |
to |
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take place next week. Tell |
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your friends about it, please. |
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XVII. Заполните |
пропуски в предложениях соответствующими местои- |
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мениями. |
Переведите |
предложения: |
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О б р а з е ц : |
Let |
... carry |
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out |
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the |
experiment |
(he) |
-> |
Let |
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him |
carry out |
the |
experiment. |
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1. Let ... determine the |
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type of |
rock |
(he). |
2. |
Let ... take |
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part in the discussion (they). |
3. |
Let |
... say |
a few words |
about |
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the results of her research |
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work |
(she). |
4, |
Let ... introduce |
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our new engineer |
to you |
(J). |
5. |
Let |
... |
be |
so |
(it). |
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XVIII. а) Составьте предложения из следующих слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
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