GOVERNMENT BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS OR OUTLAYS FOR R&D...

Table 8.2. Standard key between NABS 1992 and Nordforsk GBAORD objectives

NABS categories		Nordforsk categories
1.	Exploration and exploitation of the Earth	13.	Exploration and exploitation of Earth
			and atmosphere
2.	Infrastructure and general planning of land use
	Transport and telecommunication systems (2.4 + 2.5)	4.	Transport and telecommunication
	Other infrastructure (2 less 2.4 and 2.5)	5.	Living conditions and physical planning
3.	Control and care of the environment	6.	Combating pollution and physical planning
4.	Protection and improvement of human health	7.	Preventing and combating disease
5.	Production, distribution and rational utilisation of energy	3.	Production and distribution of energy
6.	Agricultural production and technology	1.	Agriculture, forestry, hunting and construction
			and services
7.	Industrial production and technology	2.	Mining, trade and industry, building and
			construction and services
8.	Social structures and relationships	10.	Education
	Education, training, recurrent education and training (8.1)	9.	Culture mass media and leisure
	Cultural activities (8.2)	11.	Working conditions
	Improvement of working conditions (8.4)	8.	Social conditions
	Management of business and institutions, social security	12.	Economic planning and public administration
	systems, political structure of society, social change, social
	processes and social conflicts (8 less 8.1, 8.2 and 8.4)
9.	Exploration and exploitation of space	15.	Space research
10.	Research financed from general university funds	14.	General advancement of knowledge
11.	Non-oriented research	14.	General advancement of knowledge
12.	Other civil research
13.	Defence	16.	Defence

Source: OECD.

8.7.5. Principal areas of difficulty

Exploration and exploitation of space

516. This is not a purpose in its own right for most OECD countries, as such R&D is usually undertaken for another purpose, such as non-oriented research (astronomy) or for specified applications (e.g. telecommunications satellites). Nevertheless, it has been maintained, as it cannot be deleted without seriously affecting the distribution among the objectives to which it would be reallocated for the few OECD countries that have major space programmes.

Mining

517. Both Nordforsk and NABS agree that R&D related to prospecting should be included in “Exploration and exploitation of the Earth”. However, they part company on mining. According to NABS, fuel mining and extraction belong in “Production, distribution and rational utilisation of energy”, but

148	FRASCATI MANUAL 2002 – ISBN 92-64-19903-9 – © OECD 2002