- •Российской федерации
- •Н. Ю. Басуева, канд. Соц. Наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков мифуб ТюмГу
- •1. 1 Read the text and name the parts. The world of Physics
- •1.2 Find out the Russian equivalents for the words and phrases in italics.
- •1.7 Complete the following sentences:
- •1.8 Speak on the topic.
- •1.9 Read and translate the text.
- •The world of mathematics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.10 Read the words. State the part of speech.
- •1.13 Match the two parts of sentences :
- •1.14 Comprehension questions:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in these sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
- •Unit 2 Career in science Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Infinitive. Modal Verbs.
- •2.1 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •2.2 Read the text and name the paragraphs. Translate the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •2.5 Complete the table:
- •2.6 Fill in the blanks with the corresponding words:
- •2.7 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •2.8 Comprehension questions:
- •2.9 Translate into English:
- •Careers in Physics
- •2.11 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.20 Make the nouns plural
- •2.21 The facts:
- •3.1 Match the names of famous scientists with the countries:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •Stephen William Hawking
- •3.3 Find Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •3.5 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.6 Complete the following sentences:
- •3.7 Tell about the outstanding physicist Stephen William Hawking, using the key words:
- •3.8 Read and translate the text. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
- •3.9 Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases. Read them correctly.
- •3.10 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b:
- •3.11 Put the sentences in order in which they appear in the story.
- •3.12 Translate the following sentences into English:
- •3.13 Read and translate the text. Nikolay Ivanovich lobachevsky
- •Vocabulary:
- •3.14 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b a b
- •3.15 Read the statements below and say if they are true or false:
- •3.16 Complete the sentences:
- •3.17 What do the dates in the text refer to?
- •3.19 Speak on the scientific career of n. Lobachevsky.
- •3.20 Read and translate the text: Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya
- •Vocabulary: Ratio – отношение, пропорция, соотношение
- •3.22 Complete the following word-combinations with the prepositions given below:
- •3.23 How did Sophia surprise her teacher when she was 12?
- •3.24 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.25 Translate into Russian:
- •3.26 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b: a b
- •3.27 Tell about the outstanding mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya.
- •3.28 Write a sentence from the words given.
- •3.29 Scientists joke
- •4.1 Discuss in pairs the following questions and compare your answers with your groupmates:
- •4.2 Read the following text. Divide the text into paragraphs and give the title each of them.
- •4.3 Read the following words and phrases. Mind the reading rules:
- •Dialogue III
- •Dialogue IV.
- •4.9 Match the words in column a with the words in column b:
- •4.15 Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word:
- •4.16 Say what you think has happened:
- •4.17 Choose the right word:
- •4.18 Study the situations. Make up your own dialogue.
- •4.19 Read the advertisement and study the letter of application.
- •4.20 Read these three job advertisements and write a letter of application for one of them. Use the letter from below to help you:
- •4.21 Writing a personal factsheet or curriculum vitae (c. V.).
- •4.22 Work in groups of four. Read the letters written by members of your group and decide which is the most effective. (Discuss ways of making the letters clearer).
- •4.23 Match the expressions in the list below which are similar in meaning:
- •Unit 5 Writing a course paper
- •5.1 Discuss the following questions in pairs:
- •5.3 Read and translate the text: Writing a course paper
- •5.4 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b
- •5.6 Read and translate the dialogue. Pay attention to the italicised phrases: Dialogue I
- •5.7 Put the sentences in the logical order. Read and translate the dialogue. Dialogue I
- •5.8 Complete the dialogue in English
- •5.9 Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words and expressions.
- •5.10 Translate into English:
- •Contents
- •Unit 2. Career in science 14
- •Unit 5. Writing a course paper 59
- •Подписано в печать
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
Российской федерации
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«ТЮМЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Кафедра иностранных языков естественных факультетов
И.С. Бучельникова, Н.В. Полиновская.
ПРАКТИКУМ
по формированию навыков чтения
и устной речи для студентов II курса
математического и физического факультетов
Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005
Практикум по формированию навыков чтения и устной речи для студентов II курса математического и физического факультетов/ И.С. Бучельникова, Н.В. Полиновская. Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005. 69 с.
Данный практикум предназначен для второго этапа обучения английскому языку студентов математического и физического факультетов.
Практикум состоит из 5 частей: “The world of science”, “Careers in science”, “Famous scientists”, “How to get a job?", “Writing a course paper”. Каждая из частей сопровождается разнообразными заданиями, позволяющими студентам развить навыки разговорной речи и овладеть языковым материалом. Тексты взяты из аутентичных английских и американских источников сети Интернет.
Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественных факультетов.
Рецензенты: Л.В. Мельникова, канд. философ. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков естественных факультетов.
Н. Ю. Басуева, канд. Соц. Наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков мифуб ТюмГу
И.С. Бучельникова, Н.В. Полиновская.
Тюменский государственный университет, 2005.
Unit 1 The world of science.
Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Participle II.
1. 1 Read the text and name the parts. The world of Physics
1. Physics is the science devoted to the study of matter and energy. Physicists try to understand what matter is and why it behaves the way it does. They seek to learn how energy is produced, how it travels from place to place, and how it can be controlled. Physicists are also interested in how matter and energy are related to each other and how they affect each other over time and through space.
The word physics comes from a Greek word meaning natural things. Solid-state physicists developed the transistor and other semiconductor devices. These devices contributed to the enormous growth of the electronics industry since World War II. Knowledge obtained from the study of physics is important in other sciences, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, and geology. There is also a close connection between physics and practical developments in engineering, medicine, and technology. For example, engineers design cars and aeroplanes according to certain principles of physics. Laws and theories of physics have enabled engineers and scientists to put satellites into orbit and to receive information from space probes that travel to distant regions of the solar system.
2. Physicists try to answer basic questions about the world, how it is put together, and how it changes. So physicists, called experimental physicists, perform the fully designed experiments and then compare the results with what was predicted to happen. Such predictions come from laws and theories developed by another group of physicists, called theoretical physicists.
The subjects studied by physicists consist of two broad categories, classical physics and modern physics. These two categories differ primarily in emphasis classical physics deals with questions regarding motion and energy.
It is composed of five basic areas: mechanics, heat, sound, electricity and magnetism, and light. Modern physics concentrates on scientific investigations of the basic structure of the material world. Its fields include atomic, molecular, and electron physics; nuclear physics; particle physics; solid-state physics; and fluid and plasma physics.
Mechanics is the study of bodies at rest and in motion. For example, it describes how force acts upon an object, to produce acceleration. The mechanics of body in motion is sometimes referred to as dynamics. The mechanics of body at rest is called statics. One branch of mechanics, known as fluid mechanics, deals with the behaviour of liquids and gases.
Heat. The study of heat is called thermodynamics. It involves investigating how heat is produced, how it is transmitted from one place to another, how it changes matter, and how it is stored. Thermodynamics also includes cryogenics, the study of material at very low temperatures.
Sound. The study of sound is called acoustics. Sound consists of vibrations that are produced by an object travel through a medium, such as air, water and so on. Understanding sound is important for designing auditoriums, hearing aids, tape recorders, record players, and speakers. The study of sound also includes ultrasonics, which deals with vibrations that have frequencies too high for human beings to hear.
Electricity and magnetism are so closely related that scientists often refer to the two of them together as Electromagnetism.
Light. The study of light is called optics. Optics has two major branches, physical optics and geometrical optics. In physical optics, physicists study the nature of light and the physical processes by which it is emitted (given off) from bodies and transmitted from place to place. Geometrical optics is the study of how light travels from place to place, and how the direction of travel is affected by different materials.
Atomic, molecular, and electron physics are concerned with understanding the structures of molecules and atoms. In particular, they concentrate on the behaviour, arrangement, motion, and energy states of the electrons that orbit atomic nuclei.
Nuclear physics involves the study of the structure and properties of the atomic nucleus. It focuses on radioactivity, fission, and fusion.
Particle physics. Physicists have discovered that the protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei are formed of still more elementary particles. Particle physicists conduct research by using devices called particle accel-erators. These devices can raise subatomic particles to very high speeds.
Solid-state physics, also called condensed-matter physics. Solids may be classified according to how the electrons and nuclei of the different atoms that make them up interact with each other.
Fluid and plasma physics. The modern physics of fluids is built on the principles of classical fluid mechanics. Understanding the behaviour and movement of fluids is important for the design and construction of cars, ships, aeroplanes, and rockets, as well as for the study of weather.
3.With a knowledge of physics, human beings can harness the forces of nature and put them to work. By using the principles of physics, people build generators to produce electricity for homes and factories. They burn gasoline to drive automobile engines, and they lift tons of scrap iron with a magnet.
Physicists enable us to harness different kinds of energy and put them to work. For example, an understanding of sound energy makes possible the musical instruments that combine to produce great symphonies. Knowledge of how light energy can be controlled enables photographers to take beautiful pictures.
Homemakers come into contact with the laws of physics when they use a vacuum cleaner or an electric iron. At home, we also enjoy phonograph records and television programs – all made possible by an understanding of physics. Every time you pick up the telephone or send a telegram you are putting physics to work.