- •Российской федерации
- •Н. Ю. Басуева, канд. Соц. Наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков мифуб ТюмГу
- •1. 1 Read the text and name the parts. The world of Physics
- •1.2 Find out the Russian equivalents for the words and phrases in italics.
- •1.7 Complete the following sentences:
- •1.8 Speak on the topic.
- •1.9 Read and translate the text.
- •The world of mathematics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.10 Read the words. State the part of speech.
- •1.13 Match the two parts of sentences :
- •1.14 Comprehension questions:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in these sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
- •Unit 2 Career in science Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Infinitive. Modal Verbs.
- •2.1 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •2.2 Read the text and name the paragraphs. Translate the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •2.5 Complete the table:
- •2.6 Fill in the blanks with the corresponding words:
- •2.7 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •2.8 Comprehension questions:
- •2.9 Translate into English:
- •Careers in Physics
- •2.11 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.20 Make the nouns plural
- •2.21 The facts:
- •3.1 Match the names of famous scientists with the countries:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •Stephen William Hawking
- •3.3 Find Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •3.5 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.6 Complete the following sentences:
- •3.7 Tell about the outstanding physicist Stephen William Hawking, using the key words:
- •3.8 Read and translate the text. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
- •3.9 Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases. Read them correctly.
- •3.10 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b:
- •3.11 Put the sentences in order in which they appear in the story.
- •3.12 Translate the following sentences into English:
- •3.13 Read and translate the text. Nikolay Ivanovich lobachevsky
- •Vocabulary:
- •3.14 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b a b
- •3.15 Read the statements below and say if they are true or false:
- •3.16 Complete the sentences:
- •3.17 What do the dates in the text refer to?
- •3.19 Speak on the scientific career of n. Lobachevsky.
- •3.20 Read and translate the text: Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya
- •Vocabulary: Ratio – отношение, пропорция, соотношение
- •3.22 Complete the following word-combinations with the prepositions given below:
- •3.23 How did Sophia surprise her teacher when she was 12?
- •3.24 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.25 Translate into Russian:
- •3.26 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b: a b
- •3.27 Tell about the outstanding mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya.
- •3.28 Write a sentence from the words given.
- •3.29 Scientists joke
- •4.1 Discuss in pairs the following questions and compare your answers with your groupmates:
- •4.2 Read the following text. Divide the text into paragraphs and give the title each of them.
- •4.3 Read the following words and phrases. Mind the reading rules:
- •Dialogue III
- •Dialogue IV.
- •4.9 Match the words in column a with the words in column b:
- •4.15 Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word:
- •4.16 Say what you think has happened:
- •4.17 Choose the right word:
- •4.18 Study the situations. Make up your own dialogue.
- •4.19 Read the advertisement and study the letter of application.
- •4.20 Read these three job advertisements and write a letter of application for one of them. Use the letter from below to help you:
- •4.21 Writing a personal factsheet or curriculum vitae (c. V.).
- •4.22 Work in groups of four. Read the letters written by members of your group and decide which is the most effective. (Discuss ways of making the letters clearer).
- •4.23 Match the expressions in the list below which are similar in meaning:
- •Unit 5 Writing a course paper
- •5.1 Discuss the following questions in pairs:
- •5.3 Read and translate the text: Writing a course paper
- •5.4 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b
- •5.6 Read and translate the dialogue. Pay attention to the italicised phrases: Dialogue I
- •5.7 Put the sentences in the logical order. Read and translate the dialogue. Dialogue I
- •5.8 Complete the dialogue in English
- •5.9 Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words and expressions.
- •5.10 Translate into English:
- •Contents
- •Unit 2. Career in science 14
- •Unit 5. Writing a course paper 59
- •Подписано в печать
3.3 Find Russian equivalents to the following:
gravity, theoretical physicist, black holes, phenomenon, equations, gravitational force, existence, the big bang, sub-atomic particles, evaporate, hydrogen bombs, quantum mechanics, premise, grand unified theories, inductees, renowned.
3.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
mechanics, theoretical, renowned, gravity, prestigious, gradually, synthesiser, exist, subatomic, scientifically, radiation, phenomenon, tremendous, gravitational, existence, movement, perceptible, expression.
3.5 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
Because of his work in the field of gravity, Hawking is considered perhaps the most brilliant theoretical physicist working today.
Hawking’s best–known work is on the nature of black holes.
Introducing his own theoretical modifications, Hawking posits the existence of mini-black holes.
Hawking is one of a number of scientists concerned with theories linking quantum mechanics and gravitation.
After graduating from Oxford in 1962, he went on to study at Cambridge.
Hawking received his Ph.D. degree in 1966 from Cambridge.
He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), otherwise known as Lou Gehrig’s disease of the nervous system.
In 1988, he published his book A Brief History of Time.
He hoped the book would help non-scientists understand theories of nature, from the big band to black holes.
3.6 Complete the following sentences:
Hawking was born in… .
Hawking is considered perhaps… .
Hawking’s best–known work is on … … .
Introducing his own theoretical modifications, Hawking posits… .
At the same time, Hawking is the first to admit that… .
Hawking is one of a number of scientists concerned with theories linking … and… .
After graduating from Oxford in 1962… .
Hawking received … … in 1966 from Cambridge.
In 1988, he published his book … .
3.7 Tell about the outstanding physicist Stephen William Hawking, using the key words:
to be considered, best–known work, to posit the existence of, to admit, concern with, to go on to study, to be diagnosed with, to be confined to, to receive a degree, to hold the post of, a renowned scientist, to receive an award.
3.8 Read and translate the text. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
Alferov, Zhores Ivanovich was born in Vitebsk, Belorussia, USSR, on March 15, 1930. In the post-war particular situation Zhores attended an only boy's school in the destroyed Minsk-city, and was lucky in having an excellent physics teacher there Yakov Borisovich Meltserson. The teacher loved physics devotedly and his explanation of the cathode oscilloscope operation and talk on radar systems greatly impressed young Zhores. When finishing the school he took his teacher’s advice which institution to choose for education and that was a celebrated Ul'yanov Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad (abbreviated to LETI). Theoretical courses of studies were easy enough for him. It was the laboratory research that attracted him. Being a third-year student, Zhores began to work in a laboratory of vacuum processes.
In 1952, he graduated from the Department of Electronics of Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad. Since 1953 he has been a staff member of the Physico -Technical Institute where he held consecutively the following positions: junior researcher (1953–1964), senior researcher (1964–1967), head of the laboratory (1967–1987), director (1987–present).
In 1961 he defended his dissertation on the research of bull germanic and silicon rectifiers. By the results of heterojunctions in semiconductors defended his doctoral dissertation and became Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. In 1968-1969 he realised all the ideas on control the electron and light fluxes in classical heterostructures. Apart from fundamental results that were quite new and important efficient one-side injection, the "superinjection" effect, electron and optical confinement in a double heterostructure. He succeeded in employing principal benefits of heterostructure applications in devices, lasers, LEDs.
Heterostructure-based solar cells were created by him as far back as 1970. And when American scientists published their early works, their solar batteries have been already mounted on the satellites (sputniks) and their industrial production was in full swing.
In 1972 he became Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Science. In 1973 Zh. I. Alferov took over the chair of optoelectronics at the St Petersburg State Electrotechnical University and in 1988 he was appointed to Dean of the Faculty of Physics and Technology at the St Petersburg Technical University.
Professor Zh. I. Alferov is the author of the fundamental works on Physics of semiconductors, semiconductor devices, and semiconductor and quantum electronics. He participated in creating the first Russian transistors and bull germanic rectifiers. He is a founder of the semiconductor heterostructures and gears on their basis, which are the recent trend in Physics of semi-conductors and semiconductor electronics engineering. Professor Zh. I. Alferov is the author of 50 inventions, of three monographies and more than 350 scientific articles in domestic and international magazines. He was awarded the Gold Ballaniien medal by the USA Franklin Institute, the International Prize at the Symposium on gallium arsenide, the Gold Velker medal and the Karpinsky Prize (Germany).
Since 1989 he has been Chairman of the Presidium of the Leningrad- St. Petersburg Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science. From 1990 was the Vice-President of the USSR Academy of Science. He is married and has a son and a daughter.
Professor Zh. I. Alferov is Laureate of the year 2000 Nobel Prize. He often says: ”…if our country's choice is to be a Great Power, Russia will be the great power not because of the nuclear potential, not because of faith in God or president, or western investments but thanks to the labour of the nation, faith in Knowledge and Science and thanks to the maintenance and development of scientific potential and education”.
Notes:
heterojunction - гетеропереход
bull germanic and silicon rectifiers – германиевые и кремниевые выпрямители, преобразователи переменного электрического тока в постоянный
LED – светоизлучающий диод
gears – механизмы, устройства
cathode oscilloscope – катодный осциллограф
light flux – световой поток
gallium arsenide – арсенид галлия