- •Российской федерации
- •Н. Ю. Басуева, канд. Соц. Наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков мифуб ТюмГу
- •1. 1 Read the text and name the parts. The world of Physics
- •1.2 Find out the Russian equivalents for the words and phrases in italics.
- •1.7 Complete the following sentences:
- •1.8 Speak on the topic.
- •1.9 Read and translate the text.
- •The world of mathematics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.10 Read the words. State the part of speech.
- •1.13 Match the two parts of sentences :
- •1.14 Comprehension questions:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in these sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
- •Unit 2 Career in science Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Infinitive. Modal Verbs.
- •2.1 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •2.2 Read the text and name the paragraphs. Translate the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •2.5 Complete the table:
- •2.6 Fill in the blanks with the corresponding words:
- •2.7 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •2.8 Comprehension questions:
- •2.9 Translate into English:
- •Careers in Physics
- •2.11 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.20 Make the nouns plural
- •2.21 The facts:
- •3.1 Match the names of famous scientists with the countries:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •Stephen William Hawking
- •3.3 Find Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •3.5 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.6 Complete the following sentences:
- •3.7 Tell about the outstanding physicist Stephen William Hawking, using the key words:
- •3.8 Read and translate the text. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
- •3.9 Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases. Read them correctly.
- •3.10 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b:
- •3.11 Put the sentences in order in which they appear in the story.
- •3.12 Translate the following sentences into English:
- •3.13 Read and translate the text. Nikolay Ivanovich lobachevsky
- •Vocabulary:
- •3.14 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b a b
- •3.15 Read the statements below and say if they are true or false:
- •3.16 Complete the sentences:
- •3.17 What do the dates in the text refer to?
- •3.19 Speak on the scientific career of n. Lobachevsky.
- •3.20 Read and translate the text: Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya
- •Vocabulary: Ratio – отношение, пропорция, соотношение
- •3.22 Complete the following word-combinations with the prepositions given below:
- •3.23 How did Sophia surprise her teacher when she was 12?
- •3.24 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.25 Translate into Russian:
- •3.26 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b: a b
- •3.27 Tell about the outstanding mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya.
- •3.28 Write a sentence from the words given.
- •3.29 Scientists joke
- •4.1 Discuss in pairs the following questions and compare your answers with your groupmates:
- •4.2 Read the following text. Divide the text into paragraphs and give the title each of them.
- •4.3 Read the following words and phrases. Mind the reading rules:
- •Dialogue III
- •Dialogue IV.
- •4.9 Match the words in column a with the words in column b:
- •4.15 Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word:
- •4.16 Say what you think has happened:
- •4.17 Choose the right word:
- •4.18 Study the situations. Make up your own dialogue.
- •4.19 Read the advertisement and study the letter of application.
- •4.20 Read these three job advertisements and write a letter of application for one of them. Use the letter from below to help you:
- •4.21 Writing a personal factsheet or curriculum vitae (c. V.).
- •4.22 Work in groups of four. Read the letters written by members of your group and decide which is the most effective. (Discuss ways of making the letters clearer).
- •4.23 Match the expressions in the list below which are similar in meaning:
- •Unit 5 Writing a course paper
- •5.1 Discuss the following questions in pairs:
- •5.3 Read and translate the text: Writing a course paper
- •5.4 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b
- •5.6 Read and translate the dialogue. Pay attention to the italicised phrases: Dialogue I
- •5.7 Put the sentences in the logical order. Read and translate the dialogue. Dialogue I
- •5.8 Complete the dialogue in English
- •5.9 Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words and expressions.
- •5.10 Translate into English:
- •Contents
- •Unit 2. Career in science 14
- •Unit 5. Writing a course paper 59
- •Подписано в печать
1.19 Complete the gaps in these sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
1. The physicists seek to lean how energy …. (to produce).
2. It … of five basic areas: mechanics, heat, sound, electricity and magnetism, and light. (to compose).
3. The study of heat … thermodynamics. (to call).
4. It involves investigating how heat….(to produce), how it … from one place to another…(to transmit).
5. Electricity and magnetism … so closely … that scientists often refer to the two of them together as Electromagnetism. (to relate).
6. Physicists have discovered that the protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei … of still more elementary particles. (to form).
7. This part of mathematics … the mathematics of number. (to term)
8. From the concepts and axioms theorems … . (to deduce)
9. The growth of mathematics as a profession … by a sharpening division between mathematics and the physical sciences. (to accompany)
10. Nowadays, however, they … by electrodynamics, the theory of magnetism and thermodynamics. (to supplement)
Unit 2 Career in science Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Infinitive. Modal Verbs.
Careers in Mathematics.
2.1 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
1. Where do you want to work after graduating the University?
2. What spheres of industry can you work as a mathematician in Tyumen?
3. Is it difficult to find the job of mathematician?
2.2 Read the text and name the paragraphs. Translate the text.
1. Mathematics is one of the oldest and most fundamental sciences. Mathematicians use mathematical theory, computational techniques, algorithms, and the latest computer technology to solve economic, scientific, engineering, physics and business problems. The work of mathematicians falls into two broad classes – theoretical (pure) and applied mathematics. Theoretical mathematicians advance mathematical knowledge by developing new principles and recognising previously unknown relationships between existing principles of mathematics. Many theoretical mathematicians are employed at university faculty, and divide their time between teaching and conducting research. Applied mathematicians use theories and techniques to formulate and solve practical problems in business, government, engineering, and social sciences. Applied mathematicians start with a practical problem, envision the separate elements of the process under consideration, and then reduce the elements to mathematical variables. They often use computers to analyse relationships among the variables and solve complex problems by developing models with alternative solutions.
2. Mathematicians usually work in comfortable offices. They often are part of an interdisciplinary team that may include economists, engineers, computer scientists, physicists, technicians, and others. Deadlines, overtime work, special requests for information or analysis may be part of their job. Mathematicians who work in academia usually have a mix of teaching and research responsibilities.
3. Mathematicians held about 2,900 jobs in 2002. In addition, about 20,000 persons held full-time mathematics faculty positions in colleges and university in 2002, according to the American Mathematical Society. Many nonfaculty mathematicians work for Federal or State governments. In the private sector, major employers include insurance carriers, scientific research, management, development services, and scientific and technical consulting services. Within manufacturing, the aerospace and pharmaceutical industries are the key employers. Some mathematicians also work for investment banks, insurance companies, and securities.
4. A Ph.D. degree in mathematics usually is the minimum education needed for prospective mathematicians, except in the Federal Government. In the Federal Government, entry-level job candidates usually must have a 4 – year degree with a major in mathematics. In private industry, candidates for mathematician jobs typically need a master’s or Ph.D. degree. Most of the positions designated for mathematicians are in research and development laboratories, as part of technical teams. A bachelor’s degree in mathematics is offered by most colleges and universities. Mathematics courses usually required for this degree include calculus, differential equations, and linear and abstract algebra. For jobs in applied mathematics, training in the field in which the mathematics will be used is very important. Mathematicians also should have substantial knowledge of computer programming, because most complex mathematical computation and much mathematical modelling are done on a computer.
5. Mathematicians need good reasoning ability and persistence in order to identify, analyse, and apply basic principles to technical problems. Communication skills are important, as mathematicians must be able to interact and discuss proposed solutions with people who may not have an extensive knowledge of mathematics.
6. According to 2003 survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, starting salary offers averaged $40,512 a year for mathematics graduates with a bachelor’s degree, and $42,348 for those with a master’s degree. Doctoral degree candidates averaged $55,485. In early 2003, the average annual salary for mathematicians employed by Federal Government in supervisory and managerial positions was $80,877; that for mathematical statisticians was $83,472; and for cryptanalysts, the average was $78,662.
7. Employment of mathematicians is expected to decline through 2012, reflecting the decline in the number of jobs with the title mathematicians. However, master’ s and Ph.D. degree holders with a strong background in mathematics and related discipline should have better opportunities. The most common fields in which mathematicians study and find work are computer science and software development, physics, engineering, and operations research. Mathematicians also are becoming involved in financial analysis. Mathematicians must compete for jobs, however, with people who have degrees in these other disciplines. The most successful jobseekers will be able to apply mathematical theory to real-world problems.