- •Российской федерации
- •Н. Ю. Басуева, канд. Соц. Наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков мифуб ТюмГу
- •1. 1 Read the text and name the parts. The world of Physics
- •1.2 Find out the Russian equivalents for the words and phrases in italics.
- •1.7 Complete the following sentences:
- •1.8 Speak on the topic.
- •1.9 Read and translate the text.
- •The world of mathematics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.10 Read the words. State the part of speech.
- •1.13 Match the two parts of sentences :
- •1.14 Comprehension questions:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in these sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
- •Unit 2 Career in science Grammar reference: Passive Voice. Infinitive. Modal Verbs.
- •2.1 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •2.2 Read the text and name the paragraphs. Translate the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •2.5 Complete the table:
- •2.6 Fill in the blanks with the corresponding words:
- •2.7 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •2.8 Comprehension questions:
- •2.9 Translate into English:
- •Careers in Physics
- •2.11 Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2.20 Make the nouns plural
- •2.21 The facts:
- •3.1 Match the names of famous scientists with the countries:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text.
- •Stephen William Hawking
- •3.3 Find Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3.4 Read the following words and state the part of speech:
- •3.5 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.6 Complete the following sentences:
- •3.7 Tell about the outstanding physicist Stephen William Hawking, using the key words:
- •3.8 Read and translate the text. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
- •3.9 Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases. Read them correctly.
- •3.10 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b:
- •3.11 Put the sentences in order in which they appear in the story.
- •3.12 Translate the following sentences into English:
- •3.13 Read and translate the text. Nikolay Ivanovich lobachevsky
- •Vocabulary:
- •3.14 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b a b
- •3.15 Read the statements below and say if they are true or false:
- •3.16 Complete the sentences:
- •3.17 What do the dates in the text refer to?
- •3.19 Speak on the scientific career of n. Lobachevsky.
- •3.20 Read and translate the text: Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya
- •Vocabulary: Ratio – отношение, пропорция, соотношение
- •3.22 Complete the following word-combinations with the prepositions given below:
- •3.23 How did Sophia surprise her teacher when she was 12?
- •3.24 Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •3.25 Translate into Russian:
- •3.26 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b: a b
- •3.27 Tell about the outstanding mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya.
- •3.28 Write a sentence from the words given.
- •3.29 Scientists joke
- •4.1 Discuss in pairs the following questions and compare your answers with your groupmates:
- •4.2 Read the following text. Divide the text into paragraphs and give the title each of them.
- •4.3 Read the following words and phrases. Mind the reading rules:
- •Dialogue III
- •Dialogue IV.
- •4.9 Match the words in column a with the words in column b:
- •4.15 Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word:
- •4.16 Say what you think has happened:
- •4.17 Choose the right word:
- •4.18 Study the situations. Make up your own dialogue.
- •4.19 Read the advertisement and study the letter of application.
- •4.20 Read these three job advertisements and write a letter of application for one of them. Use the letter from below to help you:
- •4.21 Writing a personal factsheet or curriculum vitae (c. V.).
- •4.22 Work in groups of four. Read the letters written by members of your group and decide which is the most effective. (Discuss ways of making the letters clearer).
- •4.23 Match the expressions in the list below which are similar in meaning:
- •Unit 5 Writing a course paper
- •5.1 Discuss the following questions in pairs:
- •5.3 Read and translate the text: Writing a course paper
- •5.4 Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b
- •5.6 Read and translate the dialogue. Pay attention to the italicised phrases: Dialogue I
- •5.7 Put the sentences in the logical order. Read and translate the dialogue. Dialogue I
- •5.8 Complete the dialogue in English
- •5.9 Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words and expressions.
- •5.10 Translate into English:
- •Contents
- •Unit 2. Career in science 14
- •Unit 5. Writing a course paper 59
- •Подписано в печать
3.9 Give the Russian equivalents for the following words and phrases. Read them correctly.
junior researcher, senior researcher, injection properties, gears, laureatе, epitaxy process, optoelectronics, consecutively, to defend a dissertation, injection, a satellite, to be awarded, solar cells.
3.10 Match the first part of the sentence in a with the second one in b:
A B
1. In 1961 a) he graduated from the Institute.
2. In 1952 b) Zhores Alferov was born.
3. In 1972 c) Laureate of Nobel Prize.
4. In 1930 d) he defended his dissertation.
5. In 2000 e) he became Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Science.
3.11 Put the sentences in order in which they appear in the story.
In 1972 Zhores Alferov became Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Science.
When finishing the school Zhores took his teacher’s advice which institution to choose for education.
Professor Zh. I. Alferov was awarded the Gold Ballaniien medal by the USA Franklin Institute.
He succeeded in employing principal benefits of heterostructure applications in devices, i.e., lasers, LEDs, solar cells.
It was the laboratory research that attracted him.
3.12 Translate the following sentences into English:
Учёба давалась ему легко.
Объяснения учителя физики о различных физических явлениях произвели на Жореса сильное впечатление.
Его больше привлекали лабораторные исследования.
Профессор Алфёров – автор 50 изобретений, трёх монографий и более 350 научных статей.
В 1961 он защитил докторскую диссертацию.
Профессор Алфёров является автором основных работ по физике полупроводников и квантовой электронике.
Жорес Иванович Алфёров стал лауреатом Нобелевской премии в области физики в 2000 году.
3.13 Read and translate the text. Nikolay Ivanovich lobachevsky
Born: 1 Dec 1792 in Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
Died: 24 Feb 1856 in Kazan, Russia
Nikolay I. Lobachevsky was born in 1792 in Nizhniy Novgorod. When he was nine years old, the family moved to Kazan. There Nikolay entered gymnasia and began to study at public expense. In 1807 the 14-year-old Nikolay Lobachevsky became a student of the Kazan University, which had been founded two years earlier. His original intention was to study medicine but he changed to study a broad scientific course involving mathematics and physics. The dean of the University was sure that Lobachevsky wouldn’t be unknown in future.
Lobachevsky’s career was swift and successful. Lobachevsky received a Master's Degree in physics and mathematics in 1811. In 1814 he was confirmed as an adjunct (assistant professor) and in two years, at the age of 23, was elected an extraordinary professor (associate professor). In 1822 Lobachevsky became an ordinary professor of the university.
The list of disciplines, he lectured during the first 10-12 years of his pedagogical activity, enumerates more than a dozen subjects. It includes Gauss Theory of Numbers, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Analytical and Descriptive Geometry, Astronomy, Differential and Integral Calculus (Physics, Statics and Dynamics and so on). He was a very diligent lecturer.
Since 1817 he had been working on one of the most difficult problems, the proof for the fifth Euclid postulate on parallel straight lines. Lobachevsky considered the task to be of special importance. At first Lobachevsky behaved as many other mathematicians, namely seeking for the rule of contraries. Thus, he deduced a lot of statements, some of them were, kindly speaking, rather strange, but the contradiction wasn’t found. In 1823 he came to conclusion that the fifth postulate can not be proved and one could speak of new geometry. More over, Lobachevsky understood that this “imaginary” geometry couldn’t be disproved by our experience in principle despite its unusual content.
In February 1826 Lobachevsky wrote the first work on the new geometry and suggested it to a few university professors. His colleagues didn’t response, and soon the work was lost.
In 1829 the “Kazansky Vestnik” magazine published Lobachevsky’s article, devoted to the non-Euclidean geometry. Genius always goes ahead of its time. The works, which prove that Lobachevsky’s geometry is as rightful as the non-Euclidean one, and the discovery of it is an important step towards the understanding of the surrounding world, came to light in 30-40 years. But in the 1820th Lobachevsky found himself in a very difficult situation. He was not understood and even blamed by the best mathematicians of that time; colleagues mocked him, writing offensive reviews to his work. It was a severe trial for the scientist’s character. Lobachevsky stood the test with credit. New articles on the same subject followed the first work. That was the way he differed from Gauss, the other founder of the non-Euclidean geometry.
In 1842 Nikolay I. Lobachevsky was elected a correspondence member Gottingen Scientific Society (Academy of Sciences).
At the age of 25-30 Lobachevsky headed the observatory and was the dean of mathematics faculty. For many years he was the director of the university library. Lobachevsky used to go to Petersburg to choose and buy books himself. As the chairman of the construction committee he directed the construction of new university buildings.
In 1827 Lobachevsky was elected the rector of the Kazan University. Later on he was re-elected six times, heading the university for twenty years. As the rector he energetically and with competence devoted himself to different activities: lecturing and scientific work, finances and construction. The period of cholera epidemic of 1835 and the fire of 1842 mentioned above was the most difficult time for him.
Not long before his death, Nikolay Lobachevsky became blind. Being very weak, he dictated his last work “Pangeomentry” (the Greek prefix “pan” means “all”, “universal”), timed to the 50th jubilee of the Kazan University.
In 1828 on occasion of the first year of his rector’s activity Lobachevsky made a speech titled “The Most Important Subjects of Education”, which became well-known later on. In particularly, he said: “The examples teach us better, than explanations and books”. The life of Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky is a remarkable example of devotion to motherland and science.