Is sinking vertically погружается вертикально

vertical direct lift вертикальный подъемник

overall height наибольшая высота

trailer прицепная тележка

dimensions размеры, показатели

dust discharger пылеуловитель

seal затвор

inlet отверстие, вход

cyclone ['saikloun] циклон

foreign ['form] посторонний, инородный

jammed сжатый

grain receiver зерновой резервуар

ample вполне достаточный

tangentially [taen'd3en^3h] по касательной

exhauster всасывающий вентилятор

mesh filter сетчатый фильтр

vacuum gauge [geidg] вакуумметр

air pressure gauge воздушный манометр

gal. ( = gallon)галлон (мера жидких и сыпучих тел; англ.= =4,54 л; амер.=3,78 л)

EXERCISES

I. Answer the following questions:

1. Is loading and unloading mechanized in the ships' holds?

2. What machines are used below deck?

3. What machines perform all the heavy work in the hold?

4. What is especially useful for trimming ships' holds?

5. What is the bucket capacity of the overhead loader for coke?

6. What were early mechanical means of discharging grain?

7. What is used for rapid and economical handling of bulk ma­terials?

8. What extracts grain from stowages on pneumatic grain plant?

9. At what rate does the handling plant unload ships?

10. How is the capacity rating of a handling plant specified?

11. What are the dimensions of the handling plant?

12. What is its maximum weight?

13. What is a slipping clutch designed for?

14. How is the grain receiver designed?

15. Where is the grain inlet located?

16. How does grain enter the receiver?

17. What is fitted in the pipeline from the cyclone?

18. How can material accumulating in the bottom of the air receiver be removed?

19. Where are the vacuum gauge and the air pressure gauge mounted?

20. What is the fuel consumption for this unit?

2. Analyse the following sentences:

   1. As a safety precaution against the possibility of material from the cyclone being drawn over into the exhauster, an air re­ceiver containing a fine mesh filter is fitted in the pipeline from the cyclone.

   2. To achieve this, the normal cylindrical receiver has been mounted on its side.

2. (a) Give nouns corresponding to the following words:

awkward, to perform, discharge, to elevate, long, mechanized, rapid, to serve, economical, to handle, to use, to depend, to justify, frequent, to approve.

2. Form adverbs from:

practical, easy, immense, frequent, suitable.

2. Form nouns from the following verbs:

act, construct, assist, fulfil, develop, refer, depend, differ, cost, adopt, measure, press, arrange, appear, deliver, descend, employ.

4. (a) Give synonyms of the following words:

to remain, frequently, profound, air, to return, incorrect, final.(b) Give antonyms of the following words:

usual, to approve, likely, equal, to appear, visible, to continue, possible, safe, modern, to elevate, to build.

V. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. В этом порту были проведены испытания трюмной маши­ны для штивки насыпных грузов. 2. По погрузке угля она пока­зала хорошие результаты. 3. Для разравнивания насыпных ма­териалов в трюмах морских судов применяется трюмный по­грузчик. 4. Погрузчик, применяемый в трюме судна для подачи груза из подпалубного пространства и а просвет люка, значитель­но сократил время выгрузки. 5. В нашем порту есть шесть трюм­ных погрузчиков. 6. Сыпучие и навалочные грузы мы будем вы­гружать одноковшевыми погрузчиками. 7. Для штивки груза в трюме № 1 был применен легкий бульдозер. 8. В трюм был опу­шен погрузчик, весящий приблизительно 6 г и имеющий ковш емкостью 0.57 куб. м. Производительность такого погрузчика 10 т/час. 9. Новая модель гусеничного одноковшевого погрузчи­ка изготовляется в настоящее время. 10. Первые плавучие пнев­матические перегружатели были созданы в конце XIX в. 11. Из­вестно, что пневматические установки в настоящее время полу­чили большое распространение. 12. Зерно в нашем порту будет перегружаться пневматической установкой производительностью 200 м/час. 13. Судно было разгружено пневматическим плавучим элеватором. 14. Благодаря применению гибких шлангов пнев­матическая установка проникает в места, трудно доступные для других типов машин. 15. Перемещение насыпного груза осущест­вляется по трубам струей воздуха. 16. Они выгрузили зерно из баржи в силос посредством пневматического перегружателя. 17. Всасывающий трубопровод состоит из горизонтальной части длиной 4,5 м и вертикальной части длиной 4 м. 18. Зерно посту­пает из перегружателя в циклон, находящийся над весами.

19. Транспортировка материала из трюмов судов передвижной пневматической установкой повышает производительность труда.

20. Для выгрузки зерна пневматическая установка является од­ним из наиболее совершенных устройств.

Lesson fourteen

CONVEYING AND ELEVATING MACHINERY

Modern conveying and elevating machinery is very varied, but we need only describe the machinery used in docks and wharves.

This consists of elevators, gravity or other lowerers, stacking machines, conveyors, belt or other, electric trucks and grain suction plant.

As regarded elevators and lowerers from ship to shore and vice versa, their adoption originated in an endeavour to mitigate the loss of power involved in the use of the ordinary quay crane, which had to lift its load from the bottom of the ship's hold to a consid­erable height (to clear the ship's hatches and gear) and conse­quently to a height very much above the quay or delivery level. The energy stored by lifting the load to this height by a crane is then dissipated by lowering the load to the quay level, from which it has to be removed into shed, or to railway truck or road vehicle, by trucking.

The elevator, on the other hand, only has to lift the load to the height slightly above that of the top of the hatch coamings, from which, after a short horizontal travel, it descends to the quay or delivery level by means of a lowerer. The energy stored by raising the load to the necessary height is by this means employed to carry it to a considerable distance by gravity and part of this energy can be employed, by means of suitable electrical arrangements, in driv­ing the elevator.

A still greater advantage in this respect can be obtained when loading, as the goods have to be raised by an elevator from the quay level to hatch level, and then descend on a lowerer into the hold, to a much greater depth than the distance from quay to hatch.

There are a great number of forms of elevators, conveyors and lowerers, but it is only intended here to refer to those types which are most suitable for dock and wharf work.

The types used for general cargo work are gravity roller con­veyors, belt or band conveyors, slat conveyors, and canvas sling conveyors; inclined belt elevators or lowerers and stacking ma­chines.

The gravity roller conveyor consists of a steel framework car­rying a number of rollers. It is made in sections and is easily por­table, and curved sections are provided for running round corners.

The inclination at which these conveyors will work depends upon the weight of the cases or other goods being delivered, but with heavy cases they will work at a very flat inclination.

Band conveyors are used for grain, coal, or other bulk cargoes, but they can be, and frequently are, used for cases, within certain limits.

Slat conveyors consist of series of transverse slats, either at­tached to some form of belt or to pitch chains working on chain pitch wheels at the driving end. Slat conveyors are suitable for the continuous delivery of mixed packages. For inclined work they may be fitted with small projections to push the cases up. There are various types of slat conveyors depending upon specific hand­ling requirements. These include belt and slat machines as well as chain and rod conveyors and elevators.

Finger-tray or prong elevators and lowerers consist of a series of prongs or trays attached to or projecting from endless pitch chains.

The prongs of such elevators can be arranged to pass through slots In staging in the hold, so as to pick up packages from such staging, to which the packages may have been delivered by skids or shoots.

Canvas sling machines are adapted to act either as elevators, lowerers or conveyors, and will handle a great variety of goods, probably more different forms of packages than any other single machine.

A canvas sling machine consists of a steel framework, mounted on wheels, carrying a pair of endless chains driven by an electric motor. Cross bars between these carry suspended canvas slings, the depth and the weight of which depend upon the nature of goods to be handled.

WORDS AND PHRASES

Elevating грузоподъемный

elevator ['eliveita] элеватор, грузоподъемник

gravity lowerer гравитационный спуск

adoption [a'dopjn] введение

to originate [a'ridgineit] брать начало

endeavour [in'deva] попытка

to mitigate умерять

to dissipate растрачивать

hatch coamings ['koumigz] комингсы люков

to descend опускаться

gravity roller conveyor гравитационный роликовый конвейер

belt (band) conveyor ленточный конвейер

slat conveyor пластинчатый конвейер

frame work рама, станина

roller ролик

portable портативный, переносимый с места на место, передвиж­ной, съемный, разборный

curved закругленный, изогнутый

transverse slats поперечные пластины

pitch chain цепь для зубчатых колес, цепная передача

chain pitch wheels система зубчатых колес

projection выступ

chain conveyor цепной конвейер

prong зуб,зубец; рог

slot выемка, впадина (зубца)

EXERCISES

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What kinds of conveying and elevating machinery are used in docks and wharves?

2. What is the gravity lowerer?

3. What types of machines are used for general cargo?

4. What machines are used for bulk cargo?

5. What does the gravity roller conveyor consist of?

6. Is the gravity lowerer easily portable?

7. What does the inclination at which these conveyors will work depend on?

8. For what kinds of cargo are band conveyors used?

9. What do slat conveyors consist of?

10. What do finger-trav or prong elevators and lowerers con­sist of?

11. What do canvas sling machines consist of?

2. Analyse the following sentences:

   1. They would obtain economy in handling if their movement is assisted by gravity.

   2. If they use the force of gravity to move materials, it will be highly efficient as very often no equipment is necessary.

   3. This type of conveyor is being more and more widely used because it consumes little power.

2. (a) Form adverbs from:

practical, easy, immense, frequent, suitable.

2. Form nouns from the following verbs:

act, construct, assist, fulfil, develop, refer, depend, differ, cost, adopt, measure, press, arrange, appear, deliver, employ.

2. Form verbs from the following words:

varied, stacking, adoption, origin, considerable, arrangements, suitable, continuous, projecting, endless, handling.

4. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Элеваторы — это машины, перемещающие груз в верти­кальном или наклонном направлении. 2. Прототип современного элеватора использовался в странах Древнего Востока для подъе­ма воды около 3000 лет тому назад. 3. Элеваторы для сыпучих грузов впервые были применены в XVI в. 4. Гравитационными устройствами называются такие, в которых движение груза осу­ществляется под действием силы тяжести. 5. Простейшим грави­тационным устройством является наклонная плоскость. 6. Для вертикального спуска применяются ступенчатые спуски. 7. Роли­ковые спуски применяются для перемещения штучных грузов под малым углом наклона. 8. Роликовый спуск представляет собой раму с установленными на ней роликами. 9. В гравитационных устройствах для сыпучих грузов грузы перемещают по желобам или трубам. 10. Трубы изготовляются из листовой стали, редко из дерева. И. В ленточных транспортерах материал перемещает­ся непрерывной лентой. 12. Ленточные транспортеры имеют са­мое широкое распространение. 13. Они применяются в портах на­ряду с кранами для погрузки судов, железнодорожных вагонов и автомашин. 14. Ленточные транспортеры широко применяются на складах и в трюмах. 15. Конвейеры перемещают груз как по вертикали, так и по горизонтали. 16. Уголь поступает по конвейеру в трюм судна. 17. Стрела новой конвейерной установ­ки опускается в рабочее положение над трюмом. 18. Штучные грузы из трюма № 2 будут подавать на конвейер. 19. Пластин­чатые транспортеры применяются на складах, а также при по­грузке и выгрузке вагонов. 20. Ленточные конвейеры применя­ются для перемещения как насыпных, так и штучных грузов. 21. Пластинчатые конвейеры предназначаются преимущественно для руды, камня, отливки, поковки и пр.

Lesson fifteen

NON-FIXED CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS

This is a survey of mobile conveyors or elevators, portable and transportable conveyors, and equipment.

The greatly increased popularity of non-fixed continuous hand­ling equipment, such as mobile conveyors and elevators, portable conveyors and transportable conveyors, and elevators, has of re­cent years stimulated the development of large numbers of new- type machines and of variations of long-established models. Both are now generally available at short notice.

What is a portable conveyor? What is a mobile conveyor?

Portable conveyors or elevators are lightweight or ultralight- weight machines. Machines of this type include the following: gravity roller conveyors; skate wheel conveyors; flat belt convey­ors; troughed belt conveyors; slat conveyors; and worm-type elevators.

Portable machines in common use from light-alloy roller con­veyors light enough to be picked up and carried in one hand, to a variety of belt conveyors and worm-type elevators.

Mobile conveyors and elevators include belt and slat convey­ors and elevators, steel band conveyors, bucket elevators, screw and worm conveyors and elevators, pneumatic conveyors and ele­vators, vibratory conveyors and elevators, gravity roller conveyors, ship's elevators-conveyors, large unloaders, and many other types of equipment.

The majority of mobile conveyors and elevators are for the handling of loose materials such as coal, coke, gravel, sand, etc., or for the handling of packages, sacked materials, boxes and the like.

These machines, in the main, are forms of fixed-or variable-dis­charge height conveyor and they employ, as a rule, belt or slat con­veyor mechanisms. Some of these machines are reversible and may be used as horizontal conveyors. Three main size and weight categories may be defined.

Height adjustment may be by hand-operated winch or hand- powered hydraulic ram, by electric winch or motor-driven screw, or by power-operated hydraulic rams.

It is well known that heavy machines are less mobile than light or medium machines and that the overall weight of a machine will be a function of its length and discharge height as well as load capacity. For several purposes, e. g. stacking raw materials, a light or medium machine might be required to have an extra- high discharge height.

In each size and weight category there are two kinds of con­veyors: machines designed for handling unit loads, and machines designed for bulk materials handling. Light machines of the unit- load type will handle unit loads of up to about 100 lb. Light machines of the bulk materials handling type are for occasional duties and will handle relatively low tonnages without difficulty. Medium unit-load machines will handle unit loads up to about 200 lb., i. e. as much as can be handled by one strong man or by two average men. They may be used in conjunction with roller conveyor hoists, cranes, and other handling aids. Medium machines designed for bulk materials handling may be fitted with 18-in. to 24-in. belts. They are suitable for heavy and continuous duties. Heavy machines of both types are often self-propelled. Such machines will han­dle unit loads of 200 lb. and upwards. And, for handling bulk mate­rials, they may be fitted with belts of width as great as 36 in.

WORDS AND PHRASES

survey ['ss:vei] обзор

transportable [traens'pD:t3bl] переносной

of recent years за последние годы