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Vintage and non-vintage champagne

Most champagne is non-vintage. Vintage champagne is a cham­pagne which has been produced from the grapes of one particu­lar year. About a hun­dred days of sun are needed for a vintage year. Non-vintage champagne is made by blending the wine reserves of different years. One of the top champagnes, Krug Reserve, is the result of blending nearly fifty different wine reserves.

Champagne questionnaire

1.Which sparkling wines can put the name ‘champagne’ on their label?

2. What is the difference between ‘la Champagne’ and ‘le champagne’?

3. Is champagne made from white grapes only?

4. What can you find under the vineyards of the Champagne region in France?

5. Who was Dorn Perignon?

6. What is the difference between vintage and non-vintage champagne?

2. Underline one verb form in each paragraph which is about champagne production. Which tenses are they?

Example Only wine which is produced in the Champagne region of France can be labelled ‘champagne’.

THE PASSIVE

Read the examples. Complete the grammar rules.

PRESENT SIMPLE

  • A hundred days of sun are needed for a vintage year.

  • Blanc de Blancs’ is made from white grapes only.

PAST SIMPLE

  • The chalk cellars were cat by the Romans.

  • Champagne was first made in the 17th century.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

  • The chalk cellars have been used since Roman times.

  • Vintage champagne is a champagne which has been produced from the grapes of one particular year.

1).To make the passive, use the verb in the correct tense + the past participle of the verb (e.g. made, produced grown).

2). Use the when you want to describe actions without describing who does them.

3). When we want to say who does the action in a passive sentence, we use the word…………… .

Compare these two sentences.

The Romans cut the chalk cellars.

The chalk cellars were cat by the Romans.

3.Work in pairs. Make questions for these answers from the text.

Examples How is vintage champagne made?

How long has this champagne been left to mature?

When were the chalk cellars cut?

Sally Ride - a career in space 49

Ride’s work lives on 50

Future: will 67

6. Future: will questions 68

Future: Present Continuous questions 70

Future: going to 70

Things to do in Singapore 70

Future: will, 1st Conditional, if and when 75

1st Conditional 75

if and when 76

2nd Conditional 81

CHAMPAGNE QUESTIONNAIRE 87

Collocations 107

English Grammar: What is Specific for Economics? 118

The Present Indefinite Tense 118

Употребление в экономической литературе 118

The Past Indefinite Tense 120

Употребление в экономической литературе 120

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Past Indefinite Tense: 120

Translate into English using the Past Indefinite Tense: 121

Употребление в экономической литературе 122

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Future Indefinite Tense: 122

Translate into English using the Future Indefinite Tense: 123

The Present Continuous Tense 123

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Present Continuous Tense: 124

Translate into English using the Present Continuous Tense: 124

The Past Continuous Tense 125

Употребление в экономической литературе 125

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Past Continuous Tense: 126

Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense: 126

The Present Perfect Tense 127

Употребление в экономической литературе 127

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Present Perfect Tense: 128

Translate into English using the Present Perfect Tense: 128

The Past Perfect Tense 129

Употребление в экономической литературе 129

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Past Indefinite Tense: 130

Translate into English using the Past Perfect Tense: 130

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 131

Употребление в экономической литературе 131

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense: 132

Translate into English using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense: 133

The Past Subjunctive Mood 133

Употребление в экономической литературе 133

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Past Subjunctive Mood: 134

Translate into English using the Past Subjunctive Mood: 134

The Past Perfect Subjunctive Mood 135

Употребление в экономической литературе 135

Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive Mood Tense 136

Translate into English using the Past Subjunctive Mood 137

It’s made by blending the wine reserves of different years.

4.Complete the information about champagne below. Write the passive form of the verbs in brackets.