- •Предисловие
- •4 Тематических текста первого уровня сложности (ia, ib, ic, id) со следующими за ними лексическими упражнениями непосредственно по текстам
- •4 Тематических текста второй степени сложности(iia, iib, iic, iid) со следующими за ними лексическими упражнениями непосредственно по текстам
- •Unit One
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text I-a
- •Part one Primary school
- •Public School
- •University
- •System of higher education in the usa
- •Topics to discuss.
- •American Terminology is sometimes confusing
- •Placement– определение места
- •Many experiments are carried outby us in our laboratory.
- •Ex23:Translate into English using the Passive Voice
- •The articles Ex24: Insert articles where necessary
- •Vocabulary
- •Text5 "Альма-матер" наших дней.
- •Reviewing Exercises
- •Keys to the above Ex-s:
- •Supplementary material
- •By Anne c.Lewis
- •Vocabulary
- •Benjamin Franklin
- •Сочетания с глаголами широкой семантики: take, get, make – do…
- •The school curriculum and academic programs
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary to the text
- •Managing your study time
- •Vocational Education
- •Text 1-d Text 1-d Easy living at Japan's colleges
- •Text iib
- •By Nicholas Morgan
- •Vocabulary
- •Now a High School Senoir
- •Ex 2 Replace the infinitive in brackets by the correct tense form – the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite (Active)
- •Ex 3 Make up sentences following the model
- •Ex 4 Draw conclusions.
- •Ex 5 Make up the dialogues following the model using the words given below,
- •Ex 6 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the usage of the Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Ex 8 Translate into English using the Present Continuous, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.
- •Ex 9 Open the brackets putting the verbs in the Past Indefinite and Past Perfect.
- •Ex 10 Open the brackets using the proper tense forms.
- •Ex 11 Open the brackets putting the infinitive in the Future Perfect.
- •Ex 12 Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense form (Active)
- •Ex 14 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech following the examples. Notice the changes in the pronouns.
- •Vocabulary
- •Зачеты и учебные нагрузки
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Quotations and jokes.
- •Part 1 Uniting two campuses
- •Part 3 Room to grow
- •Text I-c
- •Part 4 New campus to train for future
- •Text I-d
- •Part 6 Lab expands health program
- •Renovating for expansion
- •Shortening Year does no Harm
- •Free and Open competition
- •Avoiding a Brain Drain
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Ex.13 Translate the sentences into English using the verb need as in the examples ( Need)
- •The Comparison of Adjective and Adverbs
- •Foundation Considers Options
- •Bewildering Array of Institutes
- •Efforts to Aid Russia's Scholars Are More Than a Humanitarian Gesture
- •'Someone Specific'
- •Favorable Exchange Rate
- •'Flood of Applications
- •Vocabulary
- •Sports clubs
- •Fencing club
- •The Rugby Club
- •Regular practices
- •Quotations and jokes.
- •What is engineering
- •Word Study to the Text
- •Science and Engineering
- •Word Study to the Text
- •Artificial stupidity
- •Gameboys and girls stay in to play Buy a computer, one mother explains, and life can never be the same again
- •Engineering Ethics
- •The Gerund
- •Speech practice
- •Ex.Interpret the following passages using the given words
- •В сетях компьютера
- •Часть 1. "Персоналки'
- •Часть 2. Компьютер-шпион (spy)
- •Буду вечно молодым?
- •Supplementary Texts Public Image of Engineering
- •Coming soon – robot slave for everyone
- •Engineering Education
- •Electronics
- •Realms of Engineering
- •Ex. Answer the following questions
- •Engineering Work
- •Глобализация образования. Коммуникация Интернет как образовательная система: преимущества и недостатки; возможности
- •Languages
- •The library of the future
- •A lesson learned
- •Distance education: a means to an end, no more, no less.
- •В сетях компьютера
- •Мировая паутина
- •Рукописи не горят, а дискеты устаревают
- •В мире изобретений.
- •Самое значительное достижение
- •Compaq computer
- •People Like Electronic Announcers
- •Do men and women speak the same languages?
- •Quatations and jokes
- •Unit VI Карьера и выдающиеся личности современности Биографии выдающихся людей из разных областей знаний, автобиография. Авторское резюме
- •Introductory text Our Century and the next One
- •Young engineers.
- •Oceans of research.
- •The assembly line
- •Still Sprinting
- •Not so snow white after all.
- •William Randolph Hearst
- •They write in the newspapers he was invited to
- •Travel writer
- •Publisher
- •Ines de la Fresange Model
- •Actress
- •Record Producer
- •Improve your interpreting skills
- •It ceases to be the goal. The game is what counts.
- •Скромность украшает.
- •У Нewlett-Рackard - новый президент. Карлтон фьорина сменяет платта.
- •Дело о пеликанах.
- •Кэрол Хиггинс Кларк
- •Профессор Умберто Эко.
- •Billion dollar brain.
- •Pablo Picasso's Fortune
- •The private side.
- •Taking a flier on tne web.
- •Экология человека в естественной и кибер-интеллектуальной среде
- •Introductory text
- •Artificial stupidity
- •We Are in the Middle of a Cyberwar
- •Portable databases help doctors practice more efficient.
- •A case for smokeless zones
- •In Britain’s offices).
- •Nicotine traps
- •Pipe dream
- •Speak English outside of class
- •Use a dictionary when he writs
- •Attending a conference
- •Первый раз дедушка пожаловался на ревматизм в 1812 г.
- •Воздействие (influence) компьютера на человека.
- •Флирт в сети.
- •A workaholic economy.
- •Baltic sea problems.
- •The right time and place
- •Dealing with stress
- •Pollution
- •Quatations and jokes
- •Права человека Права личности и права учащегося.
- •Introductory text age of majority (or gaining rights)
- •Intellectual property.
- •Legal Status of Engineering Societies
- •Bridging the digital divide.
- •1.Government records
- •2. Personal files
- •Book banning must be stopped
- •Five Key Questions about Modern Medical Science
- •Tenancy agreement No._______
- •Improve your interpreting skills
- •Gender in Education
- •Часть 1.
- •Часть 2.
- •Часть 3.
- •Text 4. Хакеры и «крэкеры». Agree or disagree with the author.
- •Invasion of the Sight to Privacy
- •United States Legal System
- •The whole world is watching.
- •By Jennifer Tanaka
- •Secretaries: the wasted asset.
- •Quatations and jokes
- •Список основных сокращений, используемых в деловой корреспонденции:
- •1. Post-school or tertiary education usa
- •Great britain
- •1. University people
- •1. University degrees
- •1. Grading system
- •Grades: a, d, c, d, f Quality points: 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0,0.0
- •1. Some additional university terms
- •Неправильные глаголы
- •Unit I. Системы образования
- •Direct & Indirect Speech. Сочетания с глаголами широкой семантики:
- •Education:East and West
- •Навыки перевода (Rus – Eng)
- •Gender in Education Навыки перевода (Rus – Eng)
- •1. Защита прав потребителей
- •1. Computer Crime
Engineering Education
Today the traditional fields of engineering are not nearly as distinct as they used to be. The increasing concentration on fundamentals in universities has highlighted large areas of overlap both in the physical principles and the mathematical and other techniques involved. As a result, many schools provide a core of courses taken by all engineers in their early years, while others have dropped the traditional labels altogether and simply offer a degree in "Engineering Science."
In application, the area of specialization shown on an engineering graduate's degree is not always a sure guide to that in which he will find employment. True, an aerospace engineer will in all likelihood end up in the aerospace industry, though even this is not certain. However, a mechanical or electrical engineer, for example, may be employed by the aerospace, chemical, or mining industries, or by many others.
Many new areas of engineering endeavor, which cut across the traditional lines, are today attracting attention. Direct energy conversion calls for a combination of mechanical, electrical and often chemical engineering. The field of bioengineering involves the application of electrical and mechanical engineering principles in understanding and repairing the human body. Environmental engineering and the study of water and air resources call for knowledge in geology, oceanography, and meteorology. Computer science, information engineering, systems engineering, and operations research are among the fields of recent interest. Doubtless this is nowhere near the end of it. In the future other new areas are sure to emerge as the engineering family grows and regroups.
It is often difficult for the beginning engineering student to acquire a feeling for the character of various branches of engineering that may be open to him. Catalogue descriptions tend to convey little beyond a listing of topics. He is better served to speak to faculty members from different technological backgrounds and, if possible, to engineers in industry. Student chapters of the various engineering societies provide a valuable forum for such purposes. Another useful source is the so-called trade journals, some of which are published by the engineering societies. These periodicals are easily readable and give a good idea not only of employment possibilities through their advertisements and articles, but also of the kinds of technological problems encountered. Several of these journals are listed below.
Astronautics and Aeronautics(AIAA)
Mechanical Engineering(ASME)
Machine Design
Spectrum (IEEE)
Industrial Engineering(AIIE)
Environmental Science & Technology (ACS)
Civil Engineering(ASCE)
Chemical Engineering Progress(AIChE)
Electronics
Computer Services
Control Engineering
Aviation Week & Space Technology
The Structural Engineer (Institute of Structural Engineers)
Nuclear Engineering International
Bio –Medical Engineering
Engineering News Record
Engineering education has changed considerably over the years as technology itself has advanced. A generation ago it was common to find universities offering engineering courses with such titles as Mining and Winding; Compressed Air; Theory of Machines; Pumps, Electric Motors and Generators. However, as understanding of the basic nature of different applied areas grew, the importance of the fundamental concepts and their universality led to courses which were more discipline than application oriented. There are a number of important consequences of this. First, an engineer who has received a thorough grounding in fundamental concepts is less likely to become obsolescent a few years after graduation. It should be easier for him to turn his hand as needed to following developments and rapid changes in his field, or even to switching to some associated field. Most industries recognize that a training period of one or two years will be needed before they can expect to realize the full potential of a new engineering graduate. Many have formal training programs to achieve this necessary orientation to and familiarity with their own areas. As with all professionals, an engineer's education does not end with graduation but continues throughout his working life.
Another result of the fundamental nature of university courses is the impact that this has on the student himself. He may have entered the engineering college because of an absorbing interest in, say, television, automobiles, or bridges. However, he may not see the connection between his basic courses and his particular interest. This requires not duly patience on his part, but an effort from his instructors to show connections with the real world. Unless this is done, students may very easily lose their motivation.
Most engineering curricula begin with the basic sciences—physics, chemistry, and mathematics - and continue with basic engineering areas such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, mechanics and properties of solids, electrical science, transport properties and processes, systems engineering, and design. More specialized areas are offered for study in the later years. Engineering students are usually required to develop their communication skills in rhetoric and perhaps graphics courses. Also, they will have the opportunity to study economics, law, management, psychology, and other areas important to practicing engineers.
Perhaps the most difficult part of the education of an engineering student is the illustration of how all the knowledge he acquires is integrated in coping with an engineering problem. This aspect should be covered in courses on design. In this text the word "design" is used in the broadest sense to denote the entire process involved in solving an engineering problem.
The undergraduate student acquires a tremendous amount of knowledge and technique concerned with the application of engineering principles. Hopefully, too during these early years his abilities to think creatively and judge intelligently will be developed rather than stifled.
After completing his undergraduate education the student may have the choice of continuing his studies to a higher degree, involving further specialization. The rate of growth of technology is placing an increasing accent on graduate education, and the opinion has been expressed that the Master's degree should he recognized as the first
Vocabulary
astheyusedtobe- как было когда-то (в прошлом);
toincrease- возрастать, увеличивать(ся), повышать(ся);
fundamentals- основы;
tohighlight- выдвигать на первый план, придавать большое значение;
tooverlap- частично перекрывать(ся), пересекать(ся);
toprovide- предоставлять, обеспечивать;
core- суть, сущность; ядро;
to drop altogether - здесь: объединять;
label- ярлык;
degree- ученая степень;
sure- верный, надежный;
guide- руководство; советчик;
employment- здесь: работа;
likelyhood- сходство, подобие;
certain- определенный;
endeavor- попытка, старание;
to attract - привлекать;
to call for - призывать к..;
toinvolve- включать, вовлекать;
torepair- здесь: восстанавливать;
environmental- экологический;
recent- недавний;
doubtless- несомненный;
toemerge- появляться, возникать;
toacquire- (при)обретать;
branch- отрасль;
totend- иметь тенденцию, склонность;
toconvey- здесь: сообщать;
beyond- за; вне; сверх, свыше;
listing- перечисление;
topic- тема;
faculty- профессорско-преподавательский состав; преподаватели;
background- опыт;
chapter- глава (книги);
society- общество;
toprovide- предоставлять, обеспечивать;
valuable- ценный;
trade- здесь: профессиональный;
toencounter- сталкиваться, (неожиданно) встречаться;
below - ниже;
professional degree.
nuclear - ядерный;
considerably- значительно;
toadvance- продвигаться (вперед), развиваться;
generation- поколение;
common- общепринятый;
winding- эл. обмотка;
tocompress- сжимать;
nature- природа, суть, характер;
applied- прикладной;
consequence- последствие;
thorough- основательный, тщательный;
grounding(in) - образование (в);
obsolescent- выходящий из употребления, отживающий;
rapid- быстрый;
toswitch(to) - переключиться, переменить (направление), перейти (к);
to recognize - признавать;
training - обучение;
familiarity- знакомство;
impact- воздействие, влияние;
absorbing- (все)поглощающий;
connection- связь;
particular- определенный, специфический;
patience- терпение;
effort- усилие, попытка;
curricula- (мн.ч.) учебные планы, программы;
fluid- жидкость;
property- свойство;
solid- твердое тело;
communicationskills- навыки общения;
toacquire- приобретать, получать, овладевать;
tointegrate- составлять целое; соединять;
tocope(with) - справлять(ся); бороть(ся);
tocover- здесь: включать;
sense- чувство;
to denote - обозначать;
entire - целый, весь;
to solve - решать;
tremendous- огромный;
amount- количество, число;
concernedwith- связанный с..;
ability- способность;
creativity- творческий;
tostifle- подавлять, гасить;
tocomplete- выполнять, завершать;
choice- выбор;
rate - темп, скорость.
Comprehension Check:
Ex. Answer the following questions.
Why aren't the traditional fields of engineering as distinct as they used to be?
Is the graduate's degree enough for the rest of the engineer's life?
What are the new areas of engineering and what does each of them involve?
What data do engineering catalogues mostly include?
What information do professional periodicals provide?
Has engineering education changed over the years?
Does the engineer's education end with the college graduation?
What is resulted from the fundamental nature of the university courses?
What subjects/courses do most engineering curricula include?
What is the most difficult part of the engineering education?
What choices does the student have after completing his undergraduate education?