Unit 6. Foregn languages

Grammar:

1. Participle I и его функции § 51

2. Modal verbs § 26

A. 1. Read and translate the following international words:

Great Britain ['greit 'britn], Irish Republic [′aiəriri′p∧blik], Australia [ɔs′treiljə], New Zealand [nju:′zi:lənd], planet [′plænit], African [æfrikən], literature [′litəritə], tradition [trə′diən], detail [′di:teil], motivation [,mouti′veiən], original [ə′ridʒənl]

A. 2. Learn new words

brief краткий easy легкий effort усилие if если self само slow медленный such такой	exchange обмен literature литература mark оценка, отметка personally лично, сам possible возможный reread перечитывать regular регулярный				at least по крайней мере nowadays в наши дни planning планирование regulate регулировать underline подчеркивать unreliable ненадежный weekly еженедельный
save экономить simple простой tongue язык	progress [prougrəs] успехи, достижения, прогресс, развитие suit соответствовать, подходить, удовлетворять требованиям US = United States of America Соединенные Штаты Америки
especially особенно known известный means средство own собственный patience терпение tourism туризм		any всякий, любой; какой-нибудь, сколько-нибудь communication передача, связь, информация, общение efficient действенный, эффективный, продуктивный former прежний, бывший; первый из названных problem проблема, вопрос, задача; сложная ситуация routine заведенный порядок, определенный режим
abroad за границей clever умный, искусный e-mail электронная почта flexibility гибкость matter вопрос, дело time-table расписание			absolutely совершенно, безусловно, независимо communicate сообщать, передавать, общаться mass media средства массовой информации piece кусок, часть, определенное количество technique техника, технология; метод, способ understand - understood – understood понимать
allow разрешать, позволять get down засесть (за учение) in the original в оригинале individual личность, человек mother tongue родной язык note отмечать, пометка, запись outline набросок, схема, план plan [plæn] план, планировать point вопрос, суть, главное				choose – chose – chosen выбирать concentrate сосредоточить(ся) educated (высоко)образованный ensure обеспечивать, гарантировать however однако, тем не менее number количество, число, номер, цифра process [΄prɔuses] процесс, движение, ход same тот (же) самый, одинаковый unite объединять(ся), соединять(ся)

favour оказывать предпочтение, быть благосклонным; одобрение

native носитель языка (тот, для кого язык родной), родной, туземный, местный

software программное обеспечение, компьютерные программы

United Nations Organization ООН (Организация Объединенных Наций)

A. 3. Translate the following groups of derivatives:

communicate – communication, concentrate – concentration, mark – to mark, note – to note, mean – to mean – meaning – means, educate – educated – education, know – known – knowledge, patient – patience, rely – reliable – unreliable, understand – understanding, necessary – necessity, flexible – flexibility, difficult – difficulty, efficient – efficiently, certain – certainly, slow – slowly, absolute – absolutely

A. 4. Translate the following word combinations: foreign languages, computer software, provide software, major cities, necessary knowledge, efficient technique, unreliable methods, understand the meaning, the usual routine, the same meaning, an international language, save money, read in the original, international communication, exchange views, native speaker, a very difficult task, educated persons, means of communication, travel abroad, especially important, an easy examination, a difficult task, major branches of industry, expensive means, to move slowly, efficient measures, explain briefly, a brief description of the system, the cheapest means, to save time

B. 1. Translate the sentences

1. We were able to translate this text. 2. The old machines are to be replaced. 3. This angle can be measured. 4. One must observe certain experimental conditions. 5. He didn't have to make calculations. 6. One should know that "röntgen" is a unit of radiation. 7. You can't do without air. 8. The solution (раствор) is to be purified. 9. They were allowed to continue the research. 10. English ought to be used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization.

B. 2. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I

1. 1. The post shows the way leading to the river. 2. While melting, this melting snow keeps the same temperature. 3. The scientist working at this problem will take part in the conference. 4. We use between speaking of two things or persons and among speaking of three or more. 5. Erecting new types of houses they used different building materials. 6. A dam is a barrier across water controlling its flow. 7. All young people finishing school must think of their future profession. 8. While working with microorganisms we found that they produced a variety of antibiotics. 9. He obtained his knowledge studying hard. 10. When working an electrician must use some means of protection. 11. Qualified engineers were perfecting this technique for several months last year.

C. 1. Read the text THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING FOREIGN LANGUAGES and answer the questions using: The text gives the information on …, It is interesting to note that …, It is pointed out that …, In conclusion I’d like to say that …

1. Why is it important to learn a foreign language?

2. In what areas is English mostly used?

3. What are the difficulties of learning foreign languages?

The problem of learning foreign languages is very important today. Students should know at least one foreign language. The languages became especially important at the present time. It should be noted that a foreign language is the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between people on our planet.

Today English is the language of the world. Over 350 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.

English is the major international language for communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English ought to be used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations. It is the language of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.

Every educated person, every good specialist has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays. Knowing the language you will be able to communicate with other people by e-mail or when you go abroad. If you like to travel and know the language you will be able to use English there. Knowledge of foreign languages helps people of different countries to understand each other.

Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long, rather difficult and slow process that takes a lot of time, efforts and patience. Study is an individual matter. Methods that suit some individuals, will not suit others. You must get down to regular concentrated work, have regular routine of study, work to a certain plan. Clever planning and good learning technique will save you a lot of time and effort. The weekly time-table allows flexibility but at the same time ensures that you will be prepared to do each piece of work at the best possible time. Marks, however unreliable, help students to regulate their own progress.

Several methods of learning are possible: a) simple reading and re-reading; b) reading and then making brief outline notes; c) underlining the main points and important details in the text. You must choose the method which you personally favour.

It is well known that reading books in the original, talking with and listening to the English speaking people will help a lot. When learning a foreign language you are to learn the culture, history and traditions of the native speakers. You may learn any foreign language. They are all important.

D. 1. Speak on the importance of foreign languages using the text and the following: as far as I know, I think, it should be noted, besides

A. 5. Translate the sentences

1. At every lecture students learn some essential facts from some fields of science. 2. The dean will give you all the necessary information. 3. She has a good knowledge of English. 4. Cars were moving slowly along the mountain road. 5. The level of the water in the river remained the same. 6. What is the main problem of road safety? 7. Every specialist must know at least one foreign language. 8. Efficient methods were used to increase the quantity of manufactured goods. 9. The conditions were favourable. 10. They exchanged the opinions. 11. We must ensure maximum safety. 12. The method is reliable.

B. 3. Translate the sentences

2. 1. The student learned a lot of new foreign words repeating them systematically every day. 2. The science film is being produced at the studio. 3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom. 4. The city has houses representing various architectural styles. 5. The changes affecting the composition of matter are chemical changes. 6. People must be careful crossing the street. 7. The road builders are measuring the width of the road. 8. Engineers designing new systems can use electronic computers. 9. Writing a dictation some students made bad mistakes. 10. Illustrating his lecture the teacher gave many interesting examples. 11. It was a film about some researchers making interesting experiments.

B. 4. Translate the sentences

1. Our research team has to process statistical data. 2. He had to determine the temperature of the air in the container. 3. The students should know the latest achievements in science. 4. The lecture on Mathematics is to take place tomorrow. 5. Gas pipelines, metal structures, the bodies of atomic reactors and ships have been reliably protected against corrosion. 6. They were to measure the depth of the sea. 7. Some materials with useful properties may be produced in space. 8. You will be able to use English when travelling abroad. 9. The development of new materials doesn't mean that old materials should lose their significance.

C. 2. Read the text SOME WORDS ABOUT WORDS and render it in Russian

With about 200,000 words in current usage English is generally regarded as the richest of the world’s languages. Few other languages can match this word power. Chinese comes close. German has a vocabulary of only 184,000 words, and French has fewer than 100,000 words.

English owes its exceptionally large vocabulary to its ability to borrow and absorb words from outside. Atomic, jeans, khaki, sputnik, perestroika, glasnost are just a few of the many words that have come into use during this century. They have been taken or adopted from Italian, Hindi, Greek and Russian. The process of borrowing words from other languages has been going on for more than 1,000 years.

When the Normans crossed over from France to conquer England in 1066, most of the English spoke old English or Anglo-Saxon – a language of about 30,000 words. The Normans spoke a language which was a mixture of Latin and French. It took about three centuries for the language to become one that is the ancestor of the English they speak today. The Normans gave us words such as “city” and “palace”. The Anglo-Saxon gave us “ring” and “town”.

Latin and Greek have been a fruitful source of vocabulary since the 16^th century. The Latin word “mini”, its opposite “maxi” and the Greek word “micro” have become popular adjectives to describe everything from bikes to fashion.

Notes: borrow заимствовать ancestor предок, прародитель

C. 3. Read the text MY PLANS FOR THE FUTURE and speak on your future plans

Here is Victor Petrov. I’m leaving for Krasnokamensk. I have passed all the exams successfully and I’m free till the 1^st of September.

I often think about my future and my goals in life. One of the things I would like to do in the future is to do a research in the field of safety of industrial processes. After graduating from the University I want to continue my studies at the post-graduate courses. I also might want to study abroad. But it is not as easy as it sounds. I have to know English well enough to pass the test in English.

You should remember that education is not free in most of the countries. And it may be very expensive – some tens of thousands dollars a year. So, you need to find a source of finance to pay the tuition fee. And you need some money to support yourself. Besides, travelling and living abroad broadens your horizons and gives you food for thought.

After returning to my country I will think about the employment opportunities in my field. Perhaps I will be able to start my own business. I’ll need a license and some working experience.

D. 3. Do you know how good a student you are? The following questionnaire may give you an idea. Give your answers. Preferred answers are marked with +. After you have gone through it, comment on the questions.