Grammar_in_tablesA

Infinitive	<’ Past	Past	Present	1*4Н9№яп8Іагіоп
	Simple	Participle	Participle
strive	strove	striven	striving	стремиться
sunburn	sunburnt,	sunburnt,	sunburning	загорать; обжигаться
	sunburned	sunburned		на солнце
swear	swore	sworn	swearing	клясться
sweep	swept	swept	sweeping	подметать
swell	swelled	swollen,	swelling	расти,	увеличиваться
		swelled
swim	swam	swum	swimming	плавать
swing	swung	swung	swinging	качаться, колебаться'
take	took	taken	taking	брать
teach	taught	taught	teaching	учить,	преподавать
tear	tore	torn	tearing	рвать,	разрывать
tell	told	told	telling	рассказывать		^
think	thought	thought	thinking	думать
thrive	throve,	thriven,	thriving	процветать,
	thrived	thrived		преуспевать
throw	threw	thrown	throwing	бросать
thrust	thrust	thrust	thrusting	толкать(ся),		тыкать ;
tread	trod	trodden	treading	ступать, шагать
unbend	undent	unbent	unbending	выпрямлять(ся),
				разгибать(ся)
unbind	unbound	unbound	unbinding	развязывать; ослаблять
underbid	underbid	underbidden,	underbidding	сбить цену		1
		underbid
undergo	underwent	undergone	undergoing	испытывать, перено-,
				С И Т Ь		;
understand	understood	understood	understanding	понимать		5
undertake	undertook	undertaken	undertaking	предпринимать; брап»!
				на себя		’
undo	undid	undone	undoing			!
				развязывать, рассте- !
				гивать		|_►[

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Infinitive	Past	s- Past	Present	Translation
	Simple	Participle	Participle
unwind	unwound	unwound	unwinding	разматывать(ся),
				раскручивать(ся)
upset	upset	upset	upsetting	опрокидывать; рас­
				страивать
wake	woke	woken	waking	просыпаться; будить
waylay	waylaid	waylaid	waylaying	подстерегать, устра­
				ивать засаду
wear	wore	worn	wearing	носить
weave	wove	woven	weaving	ткать; плести, спле­
				тать
wed	wedded,	wedded,	wedding	жениться,	выйти
	wed	wed		замуж
weep	wept	wept	weeping	плакать .
wet	wet, wetted	wet, wetted	wetting	намочить
win	won	won	winning	выиграть,	победить
wind	wound	wound	winding	виться; мотать
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	withdrawing	отдергивать; забирать
withhold	withheld	withheld	withholding	отказывать, воздер­
				живаться
withstand	withstood	withstood	withstanding	выстоять,	выдержать
wring	wrung	wrung	wringing	скручивать; выжимать
write	wrote	written	writing	писать

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Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Present Simple (Indefinite) to be

						m
	Утвердительная			Вопросительная					Отрицательная
			форма		форма				форма
	I	|	am (I’m)	am	(	I?	I		am not (I’m not)
	he		( (he’s)			he?	he	I	Г(he isn’t)
Ед.число	she	>	is < (she’s)	is	i	she?	she	>	is not < (she	isn’t)
	it	j	( (it’s)		(	it?	it	j	( (it isn’t)
Мн.число	we	]	( (we’re)		(	we?	we	)	( (we aren’t)
	you	> are I (you’re)		are!		you?	you	>are not < (you		aren’t)
	they J		((they’re)		1	they?	theyj		[(they	aren’t)
Примеры	I am (I’m) lucky.			Am I lucky?			I am not (I’m not) lucky.
употреб­	He	is	(He’s) right.	Is	he	right?	He is not (He isn’t) right.
ления	We are (We’re) on			Are we on time?			We are not (We aren’t) on
	time.		are (They’re)	Are they here?			time.
	They						They are not (They aren’t)
	here.						here.

Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Present Simple (Indefinite) to have/have got

m

i . have/have got = иметь, обладать чем-то

Утвердительная форма

I	)	i	(I’ve got)
we	1have/	1	(we’ve got)
you	I have got ]		(you’ve got)
theyj		[ (they’ve got)
hbe	lh a s/	/ № * * * >
f	has got		5 е 8 § ° 1)
It	J	I (it s got)

Вопросительная	Отрицательная
форма		форма
Do you have...? (Br,			■.•■'.Г
	I don’t have... (Br,
Am)*	Am)
или	или
Have you got...? (Br)	I haven’t got... (B r )"
Does she have...? (Br,	She	doesn’t	have...
Am)	(Br,	Am)
или	или
Has she got...? (Br)	She	hasn’t	got... (Щ [

2. have в ряде устойчивых сочетаний, выражающих деятельносл

		или однократное действие:
to	have breakfast (lunch, dinner, tea,				supper),
to have	a	snack	(a talk,	a bath, a seat,	a	walk, etc.),
to have		a good time (a		rest, a journey,	a	holiday),
		to have a class, to have a look.
Утвердительная форма			Вопросительная			Отрицательная
				форма		форма

I have dinner at four o’clock. We always have a good time in summer.

Do you have dinner at four o’clock?

Do you always have a good time in summer?

I don’t have dinner at

xfour o’clock.	*
We don’t always have
a good time in	.
summer.

* Br = British English

Am = American English

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Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Present Simple (Indefinite)

Утвердительная форма

I |

we 1 speak you

they J

he	"j
she	> speaks
it	J

You speak three languages.

He drives his car well.

It rains a lot in summer.

Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма

Do	you		speak...?
	we I
	they	J
f	he	\
Does <	she	> speak...?
I	it	J

Do you speak three lan­ guages?

Does he drive his car well?

Does it rain much in summer?

Случаи употребления

1	I
we	1 do not speak...
you	j (don’t)
they	J

he ) does not speak...

she	>(doesn’t)
it	J

I do not (don’t) speak three languages.

He does not (doesn’t) drive his car well.

It does not (doesn’t) rain much in summer.

1. Регулярно повторяющиеся дей­	I go to school every day.
ствия в настоящем времени, факты,	Computers	are very useful in work.
общеизвестные истины.	Moscow is	the capital of Russia.

2. С глаголами чувственной и ум­ ственной деятельности, а также с глаголами обладания: see, hear, believe, know, understand, like, realize, own, possess, belong, prefer, mean.

3.Будущее действие в соответствии с расписанием.

4.С глаголами to see, to hear, to be told

(в значении «знать», «понимать»).

I see and hear you well.

We understand everything and we be­ lieve you. Everybody knows it.

He owns this house, it belongs to him.

I	like this	idea. It sounds great.
My bus starts in five minutes.
The plain		arrives at	7 o’clock.
I	hear he	is in Paris	now.
(Я знаю, что он в Париже.)
I	see that	you are right.

(Я вижу (понимаю), что ты прав.) I am told that she is in London now. (Мне сказали (я знаю), что она в Лондоне сейчас.)

Наиболее часто употребляемые обстоятельства времени:

always, ever, never, as a rule, every day, (week, month, year), now and then, generally, seldom, occasionally, usually, regularly, rarely, sometimes, from time to time.

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Видовременные формы глагола ® действительном залоге: Present Progressive (Continuous)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная	Отрицательная форма
	форма

I	am	(I’m)	reading
he	\	j (he’s)	1
she	>is	>(she’s)	>reading
it	)	j ( it’s)	J
we	]	( (we’re)	1

you >are ((уои’re) >reading they) [(they’re))

I’m reading a book.

He is sleeping.

They are talking.

	Am I		reading?	I	am not		(I’m not)
		fhe	1	he	|
	Is			she	>is not		(isn’t)
		jshe	>reading?
				it	j
		fwe	1
	Are<vou >retting? you jare not (aren’t)
		[they)		they J
	Are you		read*nS	I’m not		reading a book.
	a	book?		He isn’t		sleeping.
	Is	he sleeping?
	Are they		talPn8?	They aren’t talking.

Случаи употреблен ия

1.Действие, происходящее в данный момент, сейчас.

2.Действие, происходящее в тече­ ние определенного периода време­ ни в настоящем.

We are watching a new film now.

[t is still raining. They are still '

T fiis team is playing very well this year I >ini studying at college now. , .. .

3.Эмоционально окрашенные дей­ ствия (негативного характера).

4.Заранее запланированное действие в ближайшем будущем (с глаголами движения: move, come, go, leave, arrive, return, start)

Обстоятельства времени:

now, right now, at the moment, always,

is alw ay s losing	h is keys!	,
Yc)U are c o n s ta n tly	talking a b o u t	youi

p r o b le m s!

Y /h y are th e y chewing a ll th e tijn e ?

W'e are leaving tomorrow.

jjiey are coming back next Sunday. jyjy Granny is arriving next week.

c<fmtant^ st^

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Ввдовременные формы глагола в действительней* залоге: Present Perfect

have (has) + Past Participle

Утвердительная форма				Вопросительная форма
1	)		arrived	Have	1	] arrived?
we	have (’ve) been				we	been?
they J					\ZJ8WM?
you	[		gone
he	]		( arrived		The	] arrived?
she	> has	(’s)	j been	Has	< she	> been?
it	J		I gone		lit	J gone?
We’ve just		arrived at the		Have you just arrived at
station.				the station?
They’ve been here for a				Have you been here for
month.				a month?
He’s done the			task.	Has he done the task?

Случаи употребления

Отрицательная форма

	I	.	I arrived
	we
		S " " *	been
	you	(haven't) jfonc
	they	,	/
		fhas not	I*"*™1
	?	|	f c "

We haven’t arrived at the station.

They haven’t been here for a month.

He hasn’t done the task.

1. Законченное действие, связанное	I’ve bought a new dictionary.
с настоящим моментом.	We’ve just done the work.
2. Действие, выражающее предше­	I have always liked music.
ствующий опыт, результат (положи­	Have you ever been to England?
тельный и отрицательный)	He has never heard about Jt>
3. Действие, которое началось в про­	I have had this dog for two years.
шлом, длилось в течение какого-то	They have been friends all their lives.
времени и все еще продолжается. (С	We have known each other since we
глаголами, не имеющими формы	met in 2001.
Continuous: be, have, see, hear, know,	He has been here for two hours.
understand, realize, like, hate, love,	They have owned this cottage since they
believe, own, possess.) Употребляется	built it.
с предлогами for (для обозначения пе­
риода времени) и since (для обозна­
чения момента, с которого началось
действие)

Обстоятельства времени:

ever, never, just, already, before, not...yet, lately, so fa r

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Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

have (has) been + Present Participle

Утвердительная форма

	I		Г
			been
	we	• have (’ve)
	you		living
	they	,
	he	1	been
	she	Vhas (’s)
			living
	it	J

I’ve been living in Mos­ cow for twenty years. He has been working since nine o’clock.

Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма

		f 1	1
	Have	we	1 been
		you	[	living?
		they	J
	Has		1	been
		it	J	living?

1	{			been
we	1 have not
you	|	(haven’t)		living
they	[
	f has not		]	been :
®the	j	(hasn’t)	J	living

Have you been living in I haven’t been living int

Moscow for twenty years? Moscow for twenty years

Has he been working	He hasn’t	been working
since nine o’clock?	since nine	o’clock.
Случаи употребления

1.Действие, которое началось в I’ve been learning to drive a car for a прошлом, длилось в течение какоmonth, (учусь)

го-то времени и все еще продолжа­ How long has he been studying ется. Переводится на русский'язык Chinese? (изучает)

глаголами несовершенного вида в

настоящем времени.

2.Действие, которое началось в — Why are your boots so dirty?

прошлом, продолжалось какой-то — I’ve been playing football, (играл) период времени и только что закон­ He looks tired, he has been running чилось и результат этого действия fast, (бежал)

очевиден. Переводится на русский язык глаголами несовершенного вида

впрошедшем времени.

Система настоящих времен

	The Present Simple	The Present Progressive	The Present Perfect	The Present Perfect
	(Indefinite)	(Continuous)		Progressive (Continuous)
+	I walk every day.	I am walking now.	I have walked ten miles.	I have been walking since
	He teaches children.	He is teaching at the moment.	He has taught a lot of chil­	morning.
			dren.	He has been teaching for ten
				years already.
7	Do you walk every day?	Are you walking now?	Have you walked ten miles?	Have you been walking since
	Does he teach children?	Is he teaching at the mo­	Has he taught many children?	morning?
		ment?		Has he been teaching for ten
				years?

I don’t walk every day. He doesn’t teach chil­ dren.

1 am not walking now.	I haven’t walked ten miles.	I haven’t been walking since
He isn’t teaching at the mo­	He hasn’t taught a lot of morning.
ment.	children.	He hasn’t been teaching for
		ten years yet.

Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Past Simple (Indefinite) to be

	Утвердительная		Вопросительная
		форма	форма
Ед.ч.	I			I...?
	he	> was	Was	he...?
	she			she...?
	it			it...?
Мн.ч.	we	]	(	we...?
	you	> were	Were |	you...?
	they	J	1	they...?
Примеры	I was lucky.		Was I lucky?
употреб­	She	was right.	Was he	right?
ления	You were on time. Were you on time?
	They were here.		Were they here?

	Отрицательная
		форма
1	I	was not
he	(
she	[	(wasn’t)
it	J
we	1	were not
Z	1	*am4)

I was not (wasn’t) lucky...

He was not (wasn’t) rigM'

You were not (weren’t) Щ

time.	^ i
They	were not (w eren fj
here.	К

Видовременные формы глагола в действительном залоге: Past Simple (Indefinite)

У + -ed (прав, гл.) или Past Participle (неправ, гл.)

	Утвердительная форма		Вопросительная форма			Отрицательная		форма
	I	started		I	start?	I		start
	we	finished		we	finish?	we		finish
	you	enjoyed		you	enjoy?	you	did not	enjoy
	they	had	Did	they	have?	they		have
							(didn’t)
	he	did		he	do?	he		do
	she	went		she	go?	she		go
	it	rained	i	it	rain?	it	/	rain

a

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