Методички ЭД-203фк / Английский язык_Пособие для бакалавров. Учебное пособие
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Задание 3. Подберите правильный перевод словосочетания: |
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1. |
private businesses |
a) |
самое великое государство |
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2. |
consumer of resources |
b) |
потребитель ресурсов |
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3. |
the greatest power |
c) |
высоко развитая промышленность |
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4. |
per capita |
d) |
частные предприятия |
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5. |
highly-developed industry |
e) |
на душу населения |
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Задание 4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях: |
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a) wheat b) natural gas |
c) government |
d) equipment |
e) oil |
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1.Leading mineral-producing states are Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, important for petroleum and _______.
2.The USA produces 52 per cent or more of the world’s corn, soy-beans, vegetable oils, _______, tobacco, rice, cotton, and barley.
3.The _______ fields are situated in California, Texas, Alaska and other regions.
4.Since the end of World War II the United States has exported raw materials, agricultural products and industrial _______.
5.According to the US Constitution the powers of the _______ are divided into 3 branches.
Задание 5. Соотнесите разделы с их содержанием:
1. Geography A. According to the Constitution the powers are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives – population. Th e executive power belongs to the President and his Administration. The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of federal courts.
B. The national symbol of the USA is the national flag “Stars and Stripes”, having 50 white stars and 13 white an d red stripes on its field, symbolizing the number of the original and present day states.
C. The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others.
D.Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country’s population is over 250 mln. The official language of the state is English.
E.The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachi, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.
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Прочитайте и переведите текст об экономике Челябинской области:
2.1.5. The Chelyabinsk Region Economy Profile
The Chelyabinsk region is located in the Southern Urals on the border between Europe and Asia. 3.6 million people live on the territory of 88,500 sq. km.
The mineral resources are concentrated in more than 300 deposits. The region mines graphite, magnesite, dolomite, ferrous and non-ferrous metal ore (titanium-magnesium, copper and nickel), coal, gems, gold, etc.
The Chelyabinsk region is also one of the most industrially-developed Russian provinces. Its economic profile is formed by such sectors as metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction, fuel and energy, and agriculture. Metallurgy and mechanical engineering are the key industries accounting for some 80 percent of the region’s production and employing over 40 percent of its workforce.
The Southern Urals has developed economic ties with other regions as well as the CIS and foreign countries. The major exports are ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ferrous alloys and machines.
The region has great opportunities to develop its agricultural sector. It is 70 to 80 percent self-sufficient in food supply. Tourism opportunities are rich and diverse – mountains, lakes and beautiful scenery pr esent great potential for the tourism business.
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Выучите следующие слова и выражения:
1.region – область
2.to be located – находиться
3.border – граница; граничить
4.territory – территория
5.mineral resources – природные ресурсы
6.deposit – месторождение
7.to mine – добывать
8.ferrous – черный (о металле)
9.non-ferrous – цветной (о металле)
10.ore – руда
11.copper – медь
12.coal – уголь
13.metallurgy – металлургия
14.mechanical engineering – машиностроение
15.construction – строительство
16.fuel and energy – топливно-энергетический
17.industries – отрасли промышленности
18.the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) – СНГ (Содружество Независимых Государств)
19.to develop – развивать
20.food supply – снабжение продуктами питания
2.1.6. Задания к тексту “The Chelyabinsk Region Economy Profile”
Задание 1. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу текста:
1. ___________ |
a) |
Economic ties and exports |
2. ___________ |
b) |
Geographical location |
3. ___________ |
c) |
Natural resources |
4. ___________ |
d) |
Agriculture and tourism |
5. ___________ |
e) |
Industry |
Задание 2. Верны (True) или неверны (False) следующие утверждения?
True False
1.The key industries in the region are mechanical engineering and metallurgy.
2.The Chelyabinsk region has to import ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ferrous alloys and machines.
3.It produces over 70% of its own food.
4.Metallurgy and mechanical engineering account for the largest share in the production volume.
5.The region has great opportunities to develop its agricultural sector due to the mountains, lakes and beautiful scenery.
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Задание 3. Соотнесите отрасль промышленности и выпускаемую ей
продукцию: |
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1. |
service industries |
a) |
steel, ferrous/non-ferrous metals, alloys, etc. |
2. |
mechanical |
b) |
wheat, oats, corn, beef, pork, chickens, sheep, etc. |
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engineering |
c) |
trade, transport and storage, communication, hotels, etc. |
3. |
agriculture |
d) |
coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, petroleum, etc. |
4.fuel and energy e) cars, commercial vehicles, engines, machinery, etc.
5.metallurgy
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски предлогами: |
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a) with |
b) on |
c) in |
d) by |
e) for |
1.The region is located ____ the Southern Urals on the border between Europe and Asia.
2.Over three million people live ____ the territory of 88,500 sq. km.
3.Its economic profile is formed ____ such sectors as metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction, fuel and energy, and agriculture.
4.Metallurgy and mechanical engineering account ____ some 80 percent of the region’s production.
5.The Southern Urals has developed economic ties _____ other regions, the CIS and foreign countries.
5. Выберите правильный перевод предложения:
1. The Southern Urals has developed economic ties with other regions as well as the CIS and foreign countries.
a)Южный Урал имеет развитые связи с другими регионами, а также хорошие связи с СНГ и зарубежными странами.
b)Южный Урал развил связи с другими регионами, а также СНГ и зарубежными странами.
c)У Южного Урала есть развитые связи с другими регионами, а также СНГ и зарубежными странами.
2. The Chelyabinsk region is located in the Southern Urals on the border between Europe and Asia.
a)Челябинская область расположена на Южном Урале и граничит с Европой и Азией.
b)Челябинская область расположена на Южном Урале на границе Европы и Азии.
c)Челябинск – столица региона, расположенного на Южном Урале на границе между Европой и Азией.
3.Tourism opportunities are rich and diverse – mount ains, lakes and beautiful scenery present great potential for the tourism business.
a)Туризм, возможно, богат и разнообразен: горы, озера и реки предоставляют громадный потенциал для бизнеса.
b)Возможности туристов богаты и разнообразны: горы, реки и прекрасные пейзажи представляют большой потенциал для сферы туризма.
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c) Туристические возможности богаты и разнообразны: горы, озера и прекрасные пейзажи представляют большой потенциал для туристической индустрии.
4.Its economic profile is formed by such sectors as metallurgy, mechanical engineering, construction fuel and energy and other.
a)Ее экономический портрет формируют такие отрасли как металлургическая, машиностроительная, строительная, топливноэнергетическая и другие.
b)Ее экономический портрет формирует такие отрасли как металлургическая, машиностроительная, строительная, топливноэнергетическая и другие.
c)Это – экономический портрет, который сформирован такими отраслями как металлургическая, машиностроительная, строительная, топливно-энергетическая и другие.
5.It is 70 to 80 percent self-sufficient in food supply.
a)Она на 70-80% сама себя обеспечивает продуктами питания.
b)В ней на 70-80% достаточно продуктов питания.
c)Это – 70-80% от необходимого снабжения продуктами питания.
2.2.Тема устной речи “The Economy of My Native Town.
Экономика моего родного города”
2.2.1. Тексты по теме
Прочитайте и переведите тексты об экономике Челябинска и городах области. Используя вопросы, данные ниже, составьте рассказ об экономике Вашего родного города (15-20 предложений).
The Capital of the South Urals
Chelyabinsk is located on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains, 1,919 kilometres east of Moscow, on the border of European Russia, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. It was founded in 1736 and has been the centre of the Chelyabinsk region since 1934. It ranks one of the top ten largest cities in Russia. The population is over 1 million. Today 30% of the region’s population live in Chelyabinsk.
At the beginning of the last century the city was among Russia’s largest grain, tea, and meat trading centres. It had an exchange, customs, over a dozen banks, major firms and trade houses, both Russian and foreign. The camel in the city coat of arms symbolizes commerce. “The ship of the steppe and desert” personified trade with Asia.
Chelyabinsk has completely changed since then, now it is an important industrial centre. It is a megapolis boasting the world-class metallurgical,
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engineering, and defence industries. Chelyabinsk has about 150 major industrial enterprises making the city Russia’s fifth largest – after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhni Novgorod, and Yekaterinburg – in production volume.
Metals account for some 40 percent of the city’s output. Chelyabinsk produces some 35 percent of the country’s ferrous alloys, 20 percent of the pipes, and almost 100 percent of the large-diameter pipes,heavy crawler tractors and road-building machinery, super heavy-duty trailers, unique metal structures, and instruments. The city exports its products to 60 countries around the world.
Chelyabinsk is also a major transport junction. Over 30 banks providing a whole set of up-to-date banking and financial services to businesses operate in the city. The system of public education is represented by universities, academies, institutes, colleges training specialists for different fields of industry, agriculture, business, science, and culture.
The Chelyabinsk Region boasts of 3 concert companies and 12 theatres. Amongst these there are well-recognized in Russia and abroad Chelyabinsk Academic Drama, Chelyabinsk Ballet and Opera House, Drama Chamber Theatre, Russian folk instruments orchestra “Malakhit”, and the Chamber M usic and Organ Hall.
Прочитайте краткую информацию о городах Челябинской области. Используйте ее при составлении рассказа об экономике Вашего родного города.
CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION
o Asha
o Bakal
o Chebarkul
o Karabash
o Kartaly
o Kasli
o Katav-Ivanovsk
o Kopeysk
o Korkino
o Kusa
o Kyshtym
o Magnitogorsk
o Miass
o Minyar
o Nyazepetrovsk
o Ozyorsk
o Plast
o Satka
o Sim
o Snezhinsk
o Troitsk
o Tryokhgorny
o Ust-Katav
o Verhny Ufaley
o Verkhneuralsk
o Yemanzhelinsk
o Yuruzan
o Yuzhnouralsk
o Zlatoust
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ASHA (administrative centre)
Asha is located in the western part of the region where it borders the Republic of Bashkortostan. It was founded late in the 19th century. It is famous for its metallurgic and timber factories. At the moment, a modern tourism complex for mountain skiing and recreation is being constructed in the suburbs of Asha, on the picturesque flank of the Adzhigardak mountains.
BAKAL
Bakal is a mining town. It is known as the center of the Bakal iron-ore deposits. Iron-ore has been mined here for two and a half centuries. There are few deposits in the world that are so rich in iron and other metals.
CHEBARKUL (administrative centre)
Chebarkul fortress was founded in 1736 on the bank of the Chebarkul Lake. Although there are industrial enterprises in the town it is the center of the region’s recreation area named Chelyabinsk Country of Health, located on the banks of Lake Kisegach and Lake Elovoe.
KARABASH
The history of the town goes back as far as 1822 when miners started washing gold on the Sak-Elga river. After rich deposits of copper ore were identified, a modern copper-smelting plant was constructed in 1911. The decades of copper ore extraction and non-ferrous metal smelting resulted in the fact that Karabash was declared a hazardous environmental centre.
KARTALY (administrative centre)
Kartaly is a town of railroad workers. It is located in the southern part of the region at the crossroads of transport routes connecting the Middle Urals with the Orenburg Region and Central Russia with Kazakhstan.
KASLI (administrative centre)
In 1747 Mr. Korobkov, a merchant from Tula, set up the Kaslinsk Iron Mining Factory. Today the town is famous for the unique art of ornamental casting and its reputation is known far beyond Russia.
KATAV-IVANOVSK (administrative centre)
Katav-Ivanovsk in one of the oldest towns in the mining area of the Chelyabinsk region, founded in 1756. In the past the Katav-Ivanovsk factory was famous for production of high quality iron. Once railroad construction was launched, it started manufacturing rails.
KOPEYSK
Kopeysk used to be a mining village named Chelyabinskie Kopi founded early in the 20th century. The city is home to mining machinery manufacturing, plastics manufacturing and other factories.
KORKINO
Korkino is a mining town. Around 50% of coal extracted on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region is extracted here. Today the Korkino open-pit coal mine is the deepest in the world. It is a huge funnel with a diameter of around three kilometers.
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KUSA (administrative centre)
In the second part of the 18th century industrialist M.L. Luginin set up the Kusinsk cast iron smelter. Today the competition between citizens of Kusa and citizens of Kasli in the field of ornamental iron casting is still going on.
KYSHTYM
In 1755 Nikita Demidov set up two factories on the bank of the Kyshtymka River
– a cast iron smelter and an iron mining factory. T oday goods produced by the factories under the brand Russky Sobol are known all over the world. The town is home to Kyshtym Copper Electrolytic Factory.
MAGNITOGORSK
Magnitnaya Fortress was the first fortress constructed on the upper part of the Urals. Two hundred years afterwards, in 1929, construction of huge factory was launched at the foothills of Magnitnaya Mountain. Today Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works is one of the major factories in Russian metallurgic industry. Magnitogorsk is the region’s second most populated city.
MIASS
In 1773 merchant L.I. Luginin set up Miass Copper-Smelting Factory which gave rise to the future city. Once gold was discovered in the Miass Valley the city became the centre of gold-mining industry. Modern Miass is home to Makeev’s State Rocket Centre, the Ural Automobile Plant that produces Ural off-road vehicles and motorcycles, and other large industrial companies.
MINYAR
Minyar is a town in the Asha district. Construction of the town was started after an iron mining factory was set up on the bank of the Minyar river in 1784. Today the factory produces high quality iron products.
NYAZEPETROVSK (administrative centre)
Nyazepetrovsk was founded on the bank of the Nyazya river in 1747. The original iron factory became a machine building factory in the 20th century.
OZYORSK(closed town)
Ozyorsk is one of the youngest towns in the region. Is was founded on the bank of Lake Irtyash in 1945. Earlier it was known as Atomgrad (0r Chelyabisnk-40). The town is famous for its Mayak plant that produced warheads for the first nuclear bombs and for the distinguished scientist I.V. Kurchatov that participated in the uranium project.
PLAST
Plast is the center of the famous Kochkar Goldfields and for this reason is often called Zlatograd (Gold Town). The town was founded in 1845. Today there are deep mines on the territory of the town, producing gold and arsenic using modern technologies.
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SATKA (administrative centre)
Troitse Satkinsky Iron Mining Factory was founded in 1758 and is still operating today on the Bakal mines. The factory was set up by the first Russian industrialists, the Stroganovs. Magnesite deposits have been identified in Satka. There are only three places all over the world that have deposits of this mineral. Today Magnezit factory produces refractory goods for many foreign countries.
SIM
Sim Iron Mining Factory was built on the bank of the Sim mountain river in 1759, in 1919 the factory was reconstructed and renamed Mechanical Plant. Sim used to be the center of the Sim mountain district; today it is a town in the Asha district.
SNEZINSK (closed town)
Snezhinsk is one of the youngest towns in the Chelyabinsk region, and until recently was named Chelyabinsk-70. It is located on the picturesque Sinara Lake. All-Russia R&D Institute of Applied Physics, which is the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, is the major enterprise on the territory of Snezhinsk. Russia’s nuclear shield was developed here. Today the history of nuclear weapons is represented in the town’s unique museum of nuclear weapons.
TROITSK (administrative centre)
Troitsk is one of the oldest towns in the Chelyabinsk region. Troitsk fortress was founded in 1743 and was granted the status of a town in 1784 when it started acting as the “trade gates” to Asia. Today Troitsk is famous for its industrial and energy companies as well as for being an important customs station on the border between Russia and Kazakhstan.
TRYOKHGORNY (closed town)
Tryokhgorny is one of the youngest towns in the Chelyabinsk region, located on the bank of the Yuryuzan river not far from Yuryuzan ancient town. Today this closed town is a centre of mountain skiing and recreation. An international hotel complex is being built on the flank of the Zayjalikha mountain.
UST-KATAV (administrative centre)
The history of Ust-Katav goes back as far as 1758 when a sawmill was constructed here. It produced wooden boats to deliver iron and iron goods to other cities and towns along the Yuryuzan River and further on. The Ust-Katav factory produced iron for more than 140 years, then it started manufacturing railroad wagons. Today modern trams produced in Ust-Katav serve dozens of Russian cities and towns.
VERHNY UFALEY
Verhny Ufaley was a village that was founded near an iron mining factory in 1761. As the region is rich in ores, a nickel plant was set up here in the 20th century. Today it is one of the major nickel producers in Russia.
VERKHNEURALSK (administrative centre)
Verkhneuralsk is the oldest town on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region. It was founded in 1735. The town is located on the bank of the Ural River. Verkhneuralsk used to be one of the troop centers of the Orenburg Cossacks. The city is famous for its historical and cultural artifacts.
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YEMANZHELINSK
Yemanzhelinsk is a coal-mining town, located in the southern-most point of the Chelyabinsk coalfield. One of the largest cement factories in Ural is also located here.
YURYUZAN
Yuryuzan is located in the Katav-Ivanovsk district of the Chelyabinsk region. The Yuryuzan-Ivanovsk Iron Mining Factory was built here by the famous Ural industrialists I.B. Tverdyshev and I.S. Myasnikov. Today the town is a center of machine building and power industry firms.
YUZHNOURALSK
Yuzhnouralsk is a young town that was founded on the Uvelka river near the Yuzhnouralsk GRES. The town’s factories produce Yuzhnouralsk porcelain, insulants and goods used in radio industry that are sold all over the country.
ZLATOUST
Zlatoust is the oldest city in the mining area of the region. It was a village that was founded near Kosotursk Iron Mining Factory in 1754. The city is known all over the world for its bulat steel, the first steel guns and the unique steel engraving. Today Zlatoust is a modern center of metallurgy and machine building. The city ranks third in the region in terms of population.
(Marchmont Investment Guide)
2.2.2. Вопросы по теме
Ответьте на вопросы:
1)Where are you from?
2)Where is your native town situated?
3)What is the territory of it?
4)What are the names of the neighbouring cities and towns?
5)How far is it from Chelyabinsk?
6)What is its population?
7)When was your native town founded?
8)Is it old or young as compared to other towns in the region?
9)What do you know about the history of your native town?
10)What natural resources are there?
11)Are there any rivers and lakes in / near the town?
12)What economic sectors are the capital and manpower concentrated in?
13)What are the key industries in your native town?
14)Can you name the most important enterprises?
15)What kinds of products are manufactured there?
16)What do you know about the economic links of the town with other countries?
17)What products does it export / import?
18)Are there any social problems in the town?
19)Is the unemployment rate high or low?
20)What can you say about its service sector?
21)Is the transport system well-developed there?
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