- •Variant 1
- •2. Country of Citizenship:
- •8. Home Mailing Address:
- •11 Native Language Contact Information:
- •6. Write down two words which can be used before the following ones:
- •1. Underline the correct answer in 1-5.
- •2. Underline the correct word or phrase a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •3. Decide whether the following compound nouns are countable or uncountable. Add them to the chart. Four examples are given.
- •4. Match the following parts of compound nouns and then fill in the blanks in the sentences using the most appropriate compound.
- •5. Underline the correct answer in sentences 1-5.
- •6. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •7. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •8. Underline the word in each set which does not collocate with the word capitals.
- •9. Underline the correct answer in 1-5.
- •Variant 2
- •2. Country of Citizenship:
- •8. Home Mailing Address:
- •11 Native Language Contact Information:
- •6. Write down two words which can be used before the following ones:
- •A short history of the origins and development of English
- •1. Underline the correct word a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •2. Underline the correct modal verb in these sentences.
- •4. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •5. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 11-15.
- •6. Fill each space in these sentences with an appropriate adjective from the list.
- •7. Underline the word in each set which does not collocate with the word capitals.
- •8. Underline the correct answer in 1-5.
- •9. Underline the correct word or phrase a, b, c or d to fill the spaces in 1-5.
- •Variant 3
- •2. Country of Citizenship:
- •8. Home Mailing Address:
- •11 Native Language Contact Information:
- •A Brief History of the English Language
- •1. Underline the correct word or phrase a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •3. Decide whether the following compound nouns are countable or uncountable. Add them to the chart. Four examples are given.
- •4. Match the following parts of compound nouns and then fill in the blanks in the sentences using the most appropriate compound.
- •5. Underline the correct answer in sentences 1-5.
- •6. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •7. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •8. Underline the best word in the following sentences.
- •9. Fill each space in these sentences with an appropriate adjective from the list.
- •10. Underline the correct answer in 1-5.
- •11. Underline the correct word or phrase a, b, c or d to fill the spaces in 1-5.
- •31. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces in 1-5.
- •Variant 4
- •2. Country of Citizenship:
- •8. Home Mailing Address:
- •11 Native Language Contact Information:
- •6. Write down two words which can be used before the following ones:
- •The Norman Conquest and Middle English (1100-1500)
- •Fire. What Is Fire?
- •In the event of a fire, remember time is the biggest enemy and every second counts!
- •5 Underline the correct word a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •6. Underline the correct word or phrase a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •7. Underline the correct modal verb in these sentences.
- •8 Decide whether the following compound nouns are countable or uncountable. Add them to the chart. Four examples are given.
- •9. Match the following parts of compound nouns and then fill in the blanks in the sentences using the most appropriate compound.
- •10. Underline the correct answer in sentences 1-5.
- •11. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •12. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •13. Underline the best word in the following sentences.
- •14. Fill each space in these sentences with an appropriate adjective from the list.
- •15 Underline the word in each set which does not collocate with the word capitals.
- •Variant 5
- •2. Country of Citizenship:
- •8. Home Mailing Address:
- •11 Native Language Contact Information:
- •6. Write down two words which can be used before the following ones:
- •Old English (500-1100 ad)
- •Fire in Legends and Religion
- •5. Underline the correct answer in 1-5.
- •6. Underline the correct word a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •7. Underline the correct answer in sentences 1-5.
- •8. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •9. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 11-15.
- •10. Underline the correct answer a, b, c or d to fill the spaces 1-5.
- •Education
A Brief History of the English Language
English is a member of the Indo-European family of languages. This broad family includes most of the European languages spoken today. The Indo-European family includes several major branches: Latin and the modern Romance languages (French etc.); the Germanic languages (English, German, Swedish etc.); the Indo-Iranian languages (Hindi, Urdu, Sanskrit etc.); the Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, Czech etc.); the Baltic languages of Latvian and Lithuanian; the Celtic languages (Welsh, Irish Gaelic etc.); Greek.
The influence of the original Indo-European language can be seen today, even though no written record of it exists. The word for father, for example, is vater in German, pater in Latin, and pitr in Sanskrit. These words are all cognates, similar words in different languages that share the same root.
Of these branches of the Indo-European family, two are, as far as the study of the development of English is concerned, of paramount importance, the Germanic and the Romance (called that because the Romance languages derive from Latin, the language of ancient Rome). English is a member of the Germanic group of languages. It is believed that this group began as a common language in the Elbe river region about 3,000 years ago. By the second century BC, this Common Germanic language had split into three distinct sub-groups:
East Germanic was spoken by peoples who migrated back to southeastern Europe. No East Germanic language is spoken today, and the only written East Germanic language that survives is Gothic.
North Germanic evolved into the modern Scandinavian languages of Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic (but not Finnish, which is related to Hungarian and Estonian and is not an Indo-European language).
West Germanic is the ancestor of modern German, Dutch, Flemish, Frisian, and English.
Complete the table with the British English or American English equivalents.
|
British English |
American English |
|
|
parka |
|
|
trailer truck/semi trailer |
|
|
eggplant |
|
|
fall |
|
|
bill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bathe |
|
|
bathroom/restroom/washroom |
|
|
roller coaster |
|
|
scab |
|
|
molasses |
|
|
shade |
|
|
apartment house |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
make reservation |
|
|
trunk |
|
|
shoestring |
|
|
derby |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
janitor |
|
|
parking lot |
|
|
slingshot |
|
|
Texas gate |
|
|
downtown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pharmacy/drugstore |
|
|
dresser/bureau |
|
|
French fries |
|
|
movie house/theater |
|
|
grade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
caravan |
|
|
stove |
|
|
corn starch |
|
|
city/municipal government |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zucchini |
|
|
pump |
|
|
soda cracker |
|
|
chips/potato chips |
|
|
dead end |
|
|
closet |
|
|
drapes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Translate the text into Russian
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material releasing heat, light, and various reaction products such as carbon dioxide and water. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the color of the flame and the fire's intensity might vary. Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning.
Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible material with an adequate supply of oxygen or another oxidizer is subjected to enough heat and is able to sustain a chain reaction. This is commonly called the fire tetrahedron. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements being in place (though as previously stated, another strong oxidizer can replace oxygen).
Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the further release of heat energy in the process of combustion and may propagate, provided there is a continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel.
Fire can be extinguished by removing any one of the elements of the fire tetrahedron. Fire extinguishing by the application of water acts by removing heat from the fuel faster than combustion generates it. Application of carbon dioxide is intended primarily to starve the fire of oxygen. A forest fire may be fought by starting smaller fires in advance of the main blaze, to deprive it of fuel. Other gaseous fire suppression agents, such as halon or HFC-227, interfere with the chemical reaction itself.
A flame is a mixture of reacting gases and solids emitting visible and infrared light, the frequency spectrum of which depends on the chemical composition of the burning material and intermediate reaction products. In many cases, such as the burning of organic matter, for example wood, or the incomplete combustion of gas, incandescent solid particles called soot produce the familiar red-orange glow of 'fire'. This light has a continuous spectrum. Complete combustion of gas has a dim blue color due to the emission of single-wavelength radiation from various electron transitions in the excited molecules formed in the flame. Usually oxygen is involved, but hydrogen burning in chlorine also produces a flame, producing hydrogen chloride (HCl). Other possible combinations producing flames, amongst many more, are fluorine and hydrogen, and hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide.
The glow of a flame is complex. Black-body radiation is emitted from soot, gas, and fuel particles, though the soot particles are too small to behave like perfect blackbodies. There is also photon emission by de-excited atoms and molecules in the gases. Much of the radiation is emitted in the visible and infrared bands. The color depends on temperature for the black-body radiation, and on chemical makeup for the emission spectra. The dominant color in a flame changes with temperature. The photo of the forest fire is an excellent example of this variation. Near the ground, where most burning is occurring, the fire is white, the hottest color possible for organic material in general, or yellow. Above the yellow region, the color changes to orange, which is cooler, then red, which is cooler still. Above the red region, combustion no longer occurs, and the uncombusted carbon particles are visible as black smoke.
Make sentences out of the following.
Fire is DARK!
Fire isn’t bright, it’s pitchblack.
FirestartsbrightbutquicklyproducesblacksmokeandcompletedarknessIfyouwakeuptoafireyoumaybeblindeddisorientedandunabletofindyourwayaroundthehomeyou’velivedinforyears.
Fire is DEADLY!
Smoke and toxic gases kill more people than flames do.
FireusesuptheoxygenyouneedandproducessmokeandpoisonousgasesthatkillBreathingevensmallamountsofsmokeandtoxicgasescanmakeyoudrowsydisorientedandshortofbreath TheodorlesscolorlessfumescanlullyouintoadeepsleepbeforetheflamesreachyourdoorYoumaynotwakeupintimetoescape.