The past perfect tense

Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола: I had worked, he had worked, we had worked.

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная

I had walked I had not walked I hadn’t walked Had I walked?

You had walked You had not walked You hadn’t walked Had you walked?

He had walked He had not walked He hadn’t walked Had he walked?

She had walked She had not walked She hadn’t walked Had she walked?

It had walked It had not walked It hadn’t walked Had it walked?

We had walked We had not walked We hadn’t walked Had we walked?

You had walked You had not walked You hadn’t walked Had you walked?

They had walked They had not walked They hadn’t walked Had they walked?

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ:

1. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.

Этот момент может быть определен

a) такими обозначениями времени, как:by 5 o’clock к пяти часам, by Saturday к субботе, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени и т.п.

We had translated the article by 5 o’clock. Мы перевели статью к пяти часам.

By the end of the year he had learnt К концу года он (уже) научился

tospeakFrench. говорить по-французски.

б) другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в PastSimple.

We couldn’t get into the house because Мы не могли попасть в дом,

I had lost the key. потому что я потерял ключ.

Упражнения

Упр. 35. Завершите предложения, используя глаголы в скобках.

You went back to your home town after many years and found that many things were different.

1. My friend Henry was no longer there. He _________________(go) away.

2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ________________(close) down.

3. Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He ______________(die).

4. I didn’t recognize Mrs Johnson. She ________________(change) a lot.

5. Bill no longer had his car. He _________________(sell) it.

6. Jane was no longer alone. She ________________ (marry) Steve.

7. The old local shop was no longer there. They ________________(build) a new one.

8. Mrs White was no longer blond. She _________________ (become)grey.

Упр. 37. Раскройте скобки. Употребите глаголы в Past Perfect.

1. By 7 o’clock I (pack) my suitcase and was ready to start.

2. Tom wasn’t at home when I arrived. He just (go) out.

3. By the time I got home everybody already (go) to bed.

4. Mary looked happy. She (find) her ring.

5. I knew the actor well. I (see) him in many plays.

6. Jane was busy in the kitchen. She (not cook) the dinner yet.

7. She told me she (work) in France and Germany.

8. He (finished) his new novel by the end of the month.

9. Nick thought that his father (not come) home yet.

10. Tom (return) from the cinema by 5 o’clock.

11. Yesterday I found the book which I (lose) in summer.

12. All my friends were glad to hear that I (pass) all my exams.

Упр. 38. Раскройте скобки. Употребите глаголы в Past Perfect или Past Simple.

1. They (eat) everything by the time I (arrive) at the party.

2. Last night I (arrive) home at half past twelve. I (have) a bath and then I (go) to bed.

3. Nobody (come) to the meeting because Ann (forget) to tell people about it.

4. When the police (arrive), the car (go).

4. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed.

6. All the garages (close) by the time we (cross) the border.

7. I (try) telephoning her several times but she (leave) the city.

8. When we were on holiday, the weather (be) awful.

6. The car (go) when I (look) into the street.

7. You already (leave) when the trouble (start).

8. When I (find) the purse, someone (take) money out of it.

9. We arrived at the cinema late. The film already (begin).

10. Richard already (go) when his boss (call).

11. Victor (not come) to the party as he (leave) for Geneva the day before.

12. He (think) that he (lose) the money.

13. Last night we (go) to a football match. We (take) a bus.

14. He (speak) a language we never (hear) before.

15. After spending several days in Paris he (feel) lonely and (not want) to return home.