- •Уо «Мозырский государственный педагогический университет
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Basic American Values and Beliefs
- •Introduction
- •Basic american values and assumptions a land of diversity
- •Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance
- •Joining and protesting
- •Hurry, hurry, hurry
- •Are americans materialistic?
- •Straight talk
- •Equal ity
- •Achievement, action, work, and materialism
- •Directness аnd assertiveness
- •Equality of opportunity and competition
- •Material wealth and наrd work
- •Vocabulary Check
- •1. Analyze the following abstract notions аз they are treated in the text:
- •2. Study the following idioms and see if you can supply contexts for them:
- •3. Reading comprehension check. Write the letter of the best answer according to the information in the chapter.
- •Cloze Summary Paragraph
- •The Protestant Heritage
- •Vocabulary Check
- •Comprehension Check
- •Cloze Summary Paragraph
- •American Values at the Crossroads
- •A. Vocabulary Check
- •B. Comprehension Check
- •D. Cloze Summary Paragraph
- •Customs vary with culture
- •Usa and uk in comparison
- •Character and characteristics: a humorous look at
- •Stereotypes
- •What the British Think of Americans…
- •What Americans Think of the British...
- •4 Assessing Students' Comparative Skills
- •I Look at the chart and decide whether the student
- •Socio-cultural portrait of the uk & usa
- •British values and assumptions. Monarchy the island people
- •The island people (II)
- •Essential vocabulary
- •I. Define and comment on the following terms used in the texts
- •II. Study the following list of geographic names.
- •The united kingdom
- •Introduction
- •As others see us
- •0 Wad1 come Pow'r the giftie2 gie3 us
- •It wad frae5 mony6 a blander free us
- •Views of britain. The official view
- •Тhe people's view
- •British society a changing world
- •Attitudes
- •Stereotypes and change
- •English versus british
- •Multiculturalism
- •Conservatism
- •Being different
- •The love of nature
- •The national trust
- •The love of animals
- •Formality and informality
- •The scruffy british
- •Public spiritedness and amateurism
- •I. Mark the following areas of activity as 'professional' or 'amateur / voluntary':
- •II. Sort out the following as positively or negatively viewed by the British:
- •Privacy and sex
- •Lovely weather we're having
- •II. Explain the meaning of the following:
- •III. Match the adjectives with the nouns they collocate with:
- •IV. Explain the use of articles with the word England:
- •I. Fill in the grid:
- •II. Sort out the details for each "stereotype" of the English person
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Do you agree that
- •No longer an island
- •Have the english finally left their
- •Island mentality behind?
- •Cast in the same mould
- •Change of direction
- •I. Match the following proper names with relevant characteristics:
- •Monarchy
- •Vocabulary
- •The royal family
- •The Sovereign
- •The Royal Family
- •The Monarchy
- •I. Great Britain is a monarchy. Find out from your partner: what is the role of the monarch in a highly developed modern country?
- •II. Choose the correct equivalent for the word:
- •V. Say if you agree or .Disagree with the following and explain why:
- •VII. Express your opinion on the following:
- •Adapt or die?
- •I. Find out the following.
- •II. Make sure you understand the following words and expressions:
- •III. Match the words on the left with their definitions in the right-hand column:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions:
- •In groups and pairs discuss:
- •III. Choose the right preposition:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps where necessary with suitable notional or functional words, using your active vocabulary:
- •V. Translate from Russian into English, using your active vocabulary:
- •Russian and belarusian values and assumptions. Sharing Your Own Culture
- •1 Pre-Reading Discussion
- •2 Vocabulary Development
- •3 Reading, Thinking, Sharing
- •1 * What do the Americans who visited Russia or Belarus think about these countries and their people? Read an extract from a diary and list the areas which provoke culture shock in Russia.
- •15 August, 1996 - Vladimir
- •1 September, 1996 - Vladimir
- •A man of the people
- •Russian mentality
- •People of belorussia
- •1. Strike off one inappropriate word in each tine. Translate those used in the text. Make sure you know the weaning and the pronunciation of the rest words.
- •2. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary from the text.
Material wealth and наrd work
Another reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life — that is, to raise their standard of living. For the vast majority of the immigrants who came here, it was probably the most compelling reason for leaving their homeland. Because of its incredibly abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to bе a "land of plenty" where millions could come to seek their fortunes. Of course, most immigrants did not "get rich overnight", and many of them suffered terribly, but the majority of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. Even if they were not able to achieve the economic success they wanted, they could bе fairly certain that their children would have the opportunity for a better life. The phrase "going from rags to riches" became a slogan for the great American dream. Because of the vast riches of the North American continent, the dream саmе true for many of the immigrants. They achieved material success; they became very attached to material things. Material wealth became a value to the American people.
Placing a high value on material possessions is called "materialism", but this is a word that most Americans find offensive. To say that a person is "materialistic" is an insult. To an American, this means that this person values material possessions above all else. Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values. In fact, Americans do have other values and ideals. Nevertheless, acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions is of very great importance to Most Americans. Why is this so?
Probably the main reason is that material wealth is the most widely accepted measure of social status in the United States. Because Americans rejected the European system of hereditary aristocracy and titles of nobility, they had to find a substitute for judging social status, the quality and quantity of an individual's material possessions became the accepted measure of success and social status. Moreover, the American Protestant work, ethic associated material success with godliness.
Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. The North American continent was rich in natural resources when the first settlers arrived, bat all these resources were undeveloped. Only by hard work could these natural resources be converted into material possessions and a comfortable standard of living. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. Because of this, they have соmе to see material possessions as the natural reward for their hard work. In some ways, material possessions are seen not only as tangible evidence of people's work, but also of their abilities. In the late 1700s James Madison, the father of the American Constitution, stated that the difference in material possessions reflected a difference in personal abilities.
Sore recently, Barry Coldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they de-serve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it. Moat Americans believe that if a person works hard, it is possible to hare a good standard of living. In a study of teenagers conducted in 1981, researchers found that over 90 percent of young Americans "think they will achieve what they want in life, and almost eight out of ten think they can get what they want through hard work". There is, however, considerable social pressure not only to maintain a good standard of living bat to improve it.
Since people's status in society is frequently measured by how much they own, Americans often feel pressured to boy more than they need. The saying that someone is "keeping up with the Joneses” expresses this urge to bay possessions that are equal to or better than what others have. If Mr. and Mrs. Jones buy a new car, their neighbors may begin to think about baying one too, even if they don't really need a new car. They want to appear as prosperous as everyone else around them, and this means making a continuing effort to buy newer and better material goods.
In understanding the relationship between what Americans believe and how they live, it is important to distinguish between idealism and reality. American values such as equality of opportunity and self-reliance are ideals that may not necessarily describe the facts of American life. Equality of opportunity, for example, is an ideal that is not always put into practice. In reality, some people have a better chance for success than others. Those who are born into rich families have more opportunities than those who are born into poorer families. Inheriting money does give a person a decided advantage. Many black Americans have fewer opportunities than the average white American, in spite of laws designed to promote equality of opportunity for all races.
The fact that American ideals are only partly carried out in real life does not diminish their importance. Most Americans still believe in them and are strongly affected by them in their everyday lives. It is easier to understand what Americans are thinking and feeling if we can understand what these basic American values are and how they influence almost every facet of life in the United States.
The basic values presented in this chapter - individual freedom, self-reliance, equality of opportunity, competition, material wealth and hard work — do not tell the whole story of the American character. Bather, they should be thought of as theme в which will be developed in our discussions on religion, family life, education, business, and politics. These themes will appear as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.
New Words
censor to examine information and exclude anything that is unacceptable
overthrow to take power away from a government by force; to defeat
profound deep; very important
eliminate to end; to exclude
acquire to get
apt likely
prestige honor and respect
abundant plentiful
slogan a popular or well-known saying
tangible real; able to be seen and touched
harsh strong; cruel
diminish to lessen
theme main idea