uchebnik-po-angliyskomu-yaziku-dlya-gumanitariev

Lesson Eighteen

371

9. Используйте в следующих предложениях слова заместители:

а) 1. The days in winter are shorter than the days in summer. 2. The territory of Russia is larger than the territory of Great Britain. 3. The rivers of Europe are not so long than the rivers of Asia. 4. The classrooms of the new building of our Institute are much larger and lighter than the classrooms in the old building. 5. The population of London is greater than the population of Paris. 6. The streets of our modern towns are wider than the streets in ancient towns.

б) 1. This book is the more difficult than the book you gave me last night. 2. Tom came earlier than his brother came. 3. The examiner spoke faster than our teacher usually speaks. 4. I have left my pen at home. Could you lend me your pen, please? 5. Your watch is fast. My watch is slow. 6. My knowledge of English is much poorer than the knowledge of my brother. 7. Your flat is not so comfortable as their flat. 8. My friend speaks English better than I speak. 9. I don’t like these sketches of yours. Give me the sketches I saw yesterday.

10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на многофункциональ ность слов one (ones), that (those):

1. One must always keep one’s word. 2. This is one of those things one cannot do oneself. 3. One must always try to do one’s best. 4. He is the one you wanted to speak to. 5. I have seen no one today. 6. That that is of importance must be quite clear to you. 7. The young man that has just come into the room is a great artist. 8. I think that that young man is a friend of hers.

9.The Moscow underground is much better than that of London.

10.The rivers of Russia are much longer than those of Western Europe.

11.Вставьте артикли, где необходимо:

1. ... Severn is the longest river in Britain. 2. In ... west we see

... Cambrian Mountains occupying the greater part of ... Wales.

3.From ... west ... Great Britain is washed by ... Atlantic Ocean.

4.In ... north ... Cheviot Hills separate ... England from ...

Scotland. 5. ... North Sea is stormy.

Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two

372

Vocabulary

12. Переведите следующие интернациональные слова без словаря, исполь зуйте свои знания словообразовательных суффиксов для правильного опре деления части речи:

line, geography [ i ɒgrəfi]´, total, to form, storm, stormy, to sep arate, separating, to occupy,´ occupying, continent, extreme, navigation, navigable, regular, irregular, to contain, service, to serve, canal [kə n´ l], ocean [ əυʃn]´

13. Обратите внимание на образование

а) прилагательных от знакомых вам существительных:

Europe — European			north — northern [ n´ ðən]
west — western			south — southern [ s´ ðən]
east — eastern
б) существительных от знакомых вам прилагательных:
высокий	high	—	height [hait]	высота
широкий	wide	—	width [widθ]	ширина
широкий	broad	—	breadth [bredθ]	ширина
длинный	long	—	length [leŋθ]	длина
глубокий	deep	—	depth [depθ]	глубина
сильный	strong	—	strength [streŋθ]	сила

Запомните:

in the	west	(east,	north, — на западе (востоке, севере,
south)			юге)
to the	west	(east,	north, — к западу (востоку, северу,
south)			югу)
14. Прочтите новые слова урока:
advantage	[əd v´ nti ] преимущество • The advantages of a good education
are great.

beauty [ bj´ ti] красота • the beauty of a country place; the beauty of archi tectural masterpieces

both оба • Both of them are ill.

both ... and как ..., так и; и ... и • This time is convenient both for us and for the students.

close = near близко, близкий • a close friend; He was standing close to the door.

Lesson Eighteen

373

coast побережье • the coast of the Black Sea

comparatively сравнительно • This river is comparatively long.

to compare	сравнивать • One cannot compare these things.
as compared	по сравнению • The rivers in England are not so long as com

pared with those of the world.

to contain = include содержать • The article contains plenty of useful in formation.

current поток, течение; ток • a warm (cold) current in a river deep глубокий • a deep sea (river)

extreme [iks tr´ m] крайний • in the extreme North

as far as = till до • Go as far as the station, there you’ll be able to take a

taxi.
field	поле • Many beautiful flowers appear in the fields in spring.
fish	(pl fish) рыба • He caught a lot of fish yesterday; to go fishing
flat плоский • A floor must be flat. The top of the table is flat.
foot (pl feet) нога; фут (30,48 см)
to form		образовывать, составлять • to form a class for beginners in English
harbour [ h´ bə] гавань • a convenient harbour
height		высота • What is the height of the ceiling in this hall?
irregular			неправильный, неровный; зд. извилистый • an irregular line of
the coast
island		[ ailənd]´ остров • the island of Great Britain; A piece of land sur
rounded by water is called an island.
lake	озеро • a deep lake
land	земля; суша; страна • Will you go to England by land or by sea?
length		длина • What is the length of this river?
to lie	(lay, lain) (Participle I — lying) лежать • Kiev lies to the south of
Moscow.
lofty = high				высокий; возвышенный • a lofty hill; lofty ideals
by means of				при помощи, посредством • We express our thoughts by means
of words.
mile	миля
mountain			[ maυntin]´ гора • high (lofty) mountains
mountainous [ maυntinəs]´ гористый • mountainous area (district)
nature		природа; сущность, характер • a lover of nature; the nature of
things
navigable			судоходный • a navigable river
to notice			замечать • I didn’t notice it was getting dark.
ocean		[ əυʃn]´ океан • the Atlantic Ocean
outline		очертания, очерк, контур • a short geographical outline
over	свыше • My father is over sixty.

perhaps = maybe возможно, вероятно, может быть, наверно

principal = main = chief главный; ректор • principal questions; principal parts of the verb

to provide обеспечивать • to provide the population with fish

Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two

374

to separate отделять(ся), разделять(ся) • The mountains separate the town from the sea.

to serve	служить • This sofa serves me as a bed; to serve in the army
shallow	мелкий • a shallow sea (lake)

shore берег (моря, озера) • to lie on the shore; The shores of the sea are mountainous.

some = about около • He lives at a distance of some 40 miles. That was some twenty years ago.

stormy	бурный, штормовой • a stormy sea
suitable = convenient = comfortable удобный • a suitable place (time)
surface	[ s´ :fis] поверхность • the flat surface of the table
variety	[və raiəti]´ разнообразие • a great variety of consumer goods
vessel = ship судно • This river is suitable only for small vessels.
to wash	омывать(ся) • In the west Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic

Ocean.

as well (as) = too = also также, тоже • Boys as well as girls can go in for this kind of sport. I can read English and speak as well.

wet сырой • wet climate (district)

Geographical Names

The British Isles [ britiʃ´ ailz]´ — Бри танские острова

Ireland [ aiələnd]´ — Ирландия

The United Kingdom — Соединен ное Королевство

Wales [weilz] — Уэльс

Scotland [ skɒtlənd]´ — Шотландия The English Channel — пролив Ла

Манш

The Irish Sea — Ирландское море The Strait of Dover [ dəυvə]´ — Дувр

ский пролив, Па де Кале

15. Прочтите текст:

The Severn [ sevən]´ — р. Северн The Cambrian [ k´ mbriən] moun

tains — Кембрийские горы The Cheviot Hills [ ʃeviət´ hilz]´ — Че

виот Хилс

The Pennines [ penainz]´ — Пеннин ские горы

The Cumbrian [ k´ mbriən] moun tains — Камберлендские горы Portsmouth [ p´ tsməθ] — Портсмут

Great Britain.

An Outline of Geography and Nature

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of the Island of Great Britain and the northern part of the Island of Ireland (the southern part of which is the Republic of Eire) and a number of small islands especially to the west of Scotland. The country is usually called simply Great Britain.

The Island of Great Britain is divided into three parts — Eng land, Wales and Scotland. England and Wales form the southern part of the island and Scotland occupies its northern part.

Lesson Eighteen

375

From the west Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, from the east by the stormy North Sea and southern coast is washed by the English Channel (which separates Great Britain from the continent), the narrower part of which being called the Strait of Dover. It is quite close to the continent, being only 22 miles wide.

Being comparatively small Britain is known for a variety of scenery found on such a small area. One can find here both a low lying land and hilly areas, flat fields as well as lofty moun tains. The surface of Eastern England is flat. Scotland and Wales are hilly and mountainous. The mountains are not very high as

Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two

376

compared with those of the world, the loftiest one — Ben Nevis (Scotland) being only 4400 feet (1343 m) in height.

In the west we can see the Cambrian Mountains occupying the greater part of Wales; in the north — the Cheviot Hills separating England from Scotland; the Pennines — to the south of the Cheviot Hills and the Cumbrian Mountains famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are sixteen lakes here, the largest being Windermere. This part of the country, called the Lake District, is the most beautiful and the wettest part of Great Britain.

There are many rivers in Britain, but none of them being very long as compared with the greatest rivers of the world. Many of the rivers have been connected with each other by means of canals.

The principal rivers are the Severn, the Thames and the Trent. The Severn is the longest river in Britain but the Thames is the most important one. The Severn is 210 miles in length, the Thames is a little over 200 miles. The Thames is rather wide and deep. Its current being slow, it is quite suitable for navigation. Large vessels can get as far as London Bridge — 50 miles from the sea.

The seas surrounding the British Isles are shallow — usually less than 300 feet deep. The shallowness is in some way an ad vantage. Shallow water is warmer than deep water and helps to keep the shores from extreme cold. It is too the home of plenty of fish, a million tons of which are caught every year.

Perhaps you have also noticed on the map that the coastline being irregular contains numerous harbours serving as con venient ports, among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others. It is also an interesting fact that no part of the country is more than seventy miles from the sea.

Dialogues

1.— What parts is Great Britain divided into?

—It is divided into England, Wales and Scotland.

2.— What is the hilly and mountainous part of Great Britain?

—The north western part of the island is hilly and mountain ous.

Lesson Eighteen

377

3.— Are the seas surrounding the British Isles deep?

—No, they are mostly shallow.

—Are these shallow waters important for the country’s econ omy?

—Yes, they are, because they provide a lot of fish.

Exercises To Be Done at Home

1. Переведите следующие слова:

navigable — navigation; shallow — shallowness; advantage — advantageous; mountain — mountainous; to separate — separa tion; to compare — comparative — comparatively; to occupy — occupation; to form — form (n)

2. Назовите наречия от следующих прилагательных и переведите их на рус ский язык:

slow, quick, wide, warm, extreme, regular, convenient, high, good

3. Выберите из слов, приводимых ниже

а) слова, сходные по значению:

to form, vessel, close to, convenient, as far as, to contain, coast, some, as well as

to consist of, shore, several, suitable, ship, near, till, too, to make up

б) слова, противоположные по значению:

deep, slow, to lie, regular, narrow, lofty, flat, south

north, mountainous, low, wide, fast, to stand, shallow, irregular

4. Назовите неопределенную форму (инфинитив) следующих глаголов:

caught, kept, lay, found, founded, left, stood, got, washed, spent

5. Напишите причастие I от следующих глаголов:

to sit, to put, to travel, to lie, to tie

Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two

378

6. Переведите следующие словосочетания и предложения на русский язык:

а) to catch the train, to catch fish, lofty appearance, lofty hills, lofty ideals, a stormy sea, a rainy day, both of my friends, the total area, a slow current, a slow man, current events, by means of, in this way, in such a way, in many different ways, an advan tage of education, to keep warm, to keep the shores from extreme cold, in the extreme North, the beauty of nature, the sea shore, half the size of France, suitable clothes for cold weather, deep knowledge, to provide the population with consumer goods

б) 1. My watch is slow. 2. John is always behind because he is a slow boy. 3. Don’t be slow, you’ll be late for classes. 4. You must go as far as the centre of the city, then go straight along the main street as far as the Palace of Culture, which is situated op posite the new library. 5. The Ostankino Palace and the ancient church situated against the background of an old park form a beautiful architectural ensemble. 6. The British people live on a group of comparatively small islands which form part of Eu rope. 7. What mountains separate Europe from Asia? 8. Tom is my close friend. 9. English is a comparatively easy language. 10. Where do you keep your books and magazines? 11. I’m sorry, I kept you waiting. 12. Can you keep secrets? 13. My friend made a short report on current events. 14. The current of this river is very fast. 15. Living in a big city also has some advantages — cinemas, theatres, concert halls and libraries. 16. The advan tages of a good education are very great. 17. The book contains much useful information. 18. He has served in the army for 30 years. 19. I know Mary as well as her sisters and brothers. 20. Are you learning only German or English as well? 21. Both the teachers and the students took part in sports events. 22. They both are good at geography. 23. Both of them are final year stu dents. 24. I spoke to them both. 25. The flat surface of the table was covered with a bright plastic. 26. He serves as a gardener.

7. Прочтите текст еще раз. Выпишите из текста случаи употребления:

а) самостоятельного причастного оборота,

б) причастия в функции определения.

Lesson Eighteen

379

Exercises To Be Done in Class

8. Переведите на английский язык:

береговая линия; важный порт; удобная гавань; плоская по верхность; зеленые поля; глубокое озеро; окружающие моря; пролив, отделяющий континент от острова; деревня, окру женная лесом; преимущество благоприятных условий; срав нивать высоту гор; на морском побережье; глубина горных озер; занимать площадь; образовывать архитектурный ан самбль; ботинки, удобные для дождливой погоды; ехать до центра города

9. Переведите на английский язык, используя образцы:

What do we call ...? Как называется ...?

1. Как называется пролив, отделяющий Европу от Велико британии? 2. Как называется народ, который живет во Фран ции? 3. Как называется эта машина?

What is the height ...? Какова высота ...?

1. Какова высота этого пика? 2. Какова глубина этого озе ра? 3. Какова ширина этого пролива в самом узком месте? 4. Какова длина Волги?

both ... and — как ..., так и ...

1.Я увлекаюсь (to be fond of) как футболом, так и хоккеем.

2.Он хорошо занимается (to be good at) как по истории, так и по географии. 3. У нее есть книги как по истории искусства, так и по русской архитектуре.

as well (as) — также

1. Он говорит по английски, а также и по французски. 2. Тру дящиеся Лондона живут в Ист Энде, а также в пригороде.

3.Вы катаетесь только на коньках или на лыжах также?

4.Он уже принес журналы, а также и словари.

10. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What parts does the Island of Great Britain consist of?

2.What are the names of the waters washing the coasts of Great Britain? 3. What are the most important riversin Great Britain?

Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two

380

4. What is the longest river in Great Britain and what is the most important one? 5. Are the mountains of the British Isles high?

6.Are the rivers in Great Britain connected by means of canals?

7.Is the Thames a navigable river? 8. Are the seas surrounding Great Britain shallow or deep? 9. Is shallowness an advantage in some way? 10. What can you say about the coastline of Great Britain?

11. Переведите со словарем следующие предложения:

1. What is this thing called? 2. His name is Tom, but everybody calls him Dick. 3. Why don’t the children come when I call? 4. I called on Mr. Smith at his office. 5. I am sorry I was out when you called. 6. Does the ship call at Naples (Неаполь)? 7. I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the theatre together. 8. He is in the next room. Call him. 9. I feel ill, please call a doctor. 10. Please call me at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. 11. The doctor is not at home, he was called away to an accident. 12. Your plan will call for a lot of money. 13. The occasion calls for quick actions. 14. The football match was called off. 15. The picture calls up scenes from my childhood. 16. I’ll call you up in the evening. 17. We decided to call a meeting on Monday. 18. Parliament will be called upon next session to undertake important legislation. 19. I saw a man on the opposite side of the river and called to him, but he did not hear me. 20. I called at your house but you were not in. 21. Many men feel the call of the sea. 22. What calling does this man follow? — He is a worker. 23. There is no call for you to worry. 24. What do we call the people who live in England?

Jokes 1

A schoolgirl who was sitting next to a famous astronomer at a dinner party asked him: “What do you do in life?” He said: “I study astronomy.” “Dear me,” said the young lady, “I finished astronomy last year.”