uchebnik-po-angliyskomu-yaziku-dlya-gumanitariev
.pdf
Lesson Nineteen |
391 |
д) It is impossible to discuss a picture without seeing (having seen) it.
1. Они приняли проект, не обсуждая его. 2. Он прошел мимо, не заметив меня. 3. Мы разговаривали с ним, не зная, что это ректор института. 4. Он ушел, не поговорив с нами.
Запомните:
it goes without saying — само собой разумеется
6. Придумайте предложения (используя герундий) с выражениями:
in spite of — несмотря на instead of — вместо чего л.
а) In spite of having read this book attentively I could not find the answer to the problem yet.
б) Instead of taking examinations in advance you failed passing them in time.
Step 94
Отглагольное существительное — The Verbal Noun (§ 90)
Герундий |
Отглагольное |
|
|
существительное |
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
1. We know of his beginning |
The beginning of the work was |
||
this work. |
difficult. |
|
|
Мы знаем, что он начина |
Начало |
работы |
было |
ет делать эту работу. |
трудное. |
|
|
|
|
||
2. He failed designing com |
The designing of the new fur |
||
fortable furniture. |
niture took all his energy and |
||
Ему не удалось спроекти |
time. |
|
|
ровать удобную мебель. |
Проектирование новой мебе |
||
|
ли потребовало от него энер |
||
|
гии и времени. |
|
|
|
|
||
3. The house needs painting. |
The painting of the house |
||
Дом надо покрасить. |
lasted the whole week. |
|
|
|
Покраска дома длилась це |
||
|
лую неделю. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lesson Nineteen |
393 |
Our going there was necessary.
I heard of your son’s entering the Institute.
8. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи яв ляются выделенные слова:
а) герундием, б) причастием, в) отглагольным существительным.
1. I remember having met him in the south. 2. Having met the dean in the corridor, we told him the news. 3. He thanked her for her coming. 4. Her comings prevent us from doing our work.
5.Upon coming to our party, he sang us some new English songs.
6.When coming into the hall I saw a group of people standing in the middle. 7. The writing of letters usually takes a lot of time.
8.I don’t like writing letters. 9. The conference taking place in Moscow is devoted to the problems of design. 10. The exper iment being demonstrated, all the students watched it atten tively. 11. The street leading to our house is very wide. 12. The making of his own artistic style was a long process. 13. I heard of your sister’s having been sent abroad. 14. The architectural monuments are being restored. 15. While travelling one sees a lot of interesting things. 16. I was very tired of all the question ing. 17. He prefers painting in oil. 18. He was against giving me an interview. 19. We knew of his having been pleased with our compositions. 20. Learning a foreign language helps us to know better our native one. 21. Entering the Reading Room of the British Museum for the first time the visitor is struck by its unusual round shape. 22. A building containing a collection of books is called a library.
Vocabulary
9. а) Переведите без словаря интернациональные слова:
period, talent, talented, critic, academy, tradition, canon, theme, protest, organizer, association, mobile, phosphoric, to interest, portrait, spirit, ordinary, serious, social, national, to transform, charm, technical;
Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two |
394 |
б) Переведите без словаря следующие слова; выделенные слова вам знакомы:
to admire — admired — admiration — admirable; poet — poet ical — poetically; deep — deeply; to sit — sitter.
10. Прочтите новые слова урока:
ability способность, умение • to have ability to do smth
above all = chiefly = first of all больше всего, главным образом, в первую очередь
according to согласно, по • according to the newspapers; According to the time table our train arrives at 4 p.m.
actor актер, артист • N. is my favourite actor. afterwards [ ´ ftəwədz] = later потом, позже, впоследствии
ardent |
горячий • ardent love |
to be based основываться на • The report was based on actual facts. |
|
calm тихий, спокойный • a calm voice (person); The sea was calm. |
|
canon |
канон • art canons |
canvas |
полотно, картина, холст • At the exhibition we were able to admire |
a great deal of beautiful canvases by our young artists. |
|
charm |
очарование, прелесть • the poetical charm of a Ukranian night |
citizen |
гражданин • A good citizen is always ready to serve his country. |
to create создавать, творить • to create art works
to demand = to require требовать • This kind of work demands great atten tion.
to deserve заслуживать, быть достойным • to deserve a monument (a prize)
to display обнаруживать, проявлять, выказывать • to display the ability (talent) of drawing (singing)
to earn зарабатывать • to earn one’s living зарабатывать себе на жизнь easel мольберт • easel painting станковая живопись • to work at one’s
easel
to estimate оценивать • to overestimate (to underestimate) переоцени вать (недооценивать) • It’s difficult to overestimate the importance of this work.
example [ig z´ mpl] пример, образец • for example например • best ex amples of realistic portraits
excellent = best = fine отличный, превосходный • an excellent mark (can vas)
exclusively [iks kl´ sivli] исключительно • Не devotes his free time exclu sively to sport.
to fight (fought) бороться • to fight for realism in art a public figure [ figə]´ общественный деятель
to head [hed] возглавлять • Не headed a group of young artists who wanted to paint the life around them.
inner внутренний • the inner world of a person inspiration вдохновение
Lesson Nineteen |
395 |
|
to inspire |
вдохновлять • to inspire smb to do smth |
|
inspirer |
вдохновитель |
|
later on позже, позднее • I’ll do it later on if you don’t mind. |
||
to leave behind |
оставлять после себя • The artist left behind a lot of out |
|
standing paintings.
nevertheless [ nevəðə les]´ тем не менее • Не is very busy, nevertheless he
´
gladly helps us when we ask him.
to observe = to watch наблюдать за, следить; заметить • to observe the life around, to observe the use of a word in a language
ordinary = simple обычный, обыкновенный, простой • ordinary people (man, situation, day)
to organize [ ´ gənaiz] организовывать • to organize a circle (exhibition, competition)
to portray = to show изображать • to portray the life in a book; to portray an event in a picture
in protest в знак протеста
psychological [ saikə lɒ´ ikəl] психологический • The portrait is deeply psy chological. ´
radiance сияние, блеск, великолепие • phosphoric radiance
reality действительность, реальность • to observe (to portray) reality; in reality в действительности
to refuse отказывать(ся) • to refuse to do smth; to refuse to fulfil the de mands
to render передавать, воспроизводить • to render the surrounding reality in art works (canvases, pictures, books)
to reveal = to show = to display раскрывать, обнаруживать, показывать • to reveal the inner world of a person in a book (picture)
right право • to have (to demand) the right to do smth
seriously [ siəriəsli]´ серьезно • to be seriously ill; to be seriously interested in smth
to set ставить, класть, помещать • to set a task; to set an example пока зывать пример
significance [sig nifikəns]´ = importance значение, важность • social signif icance of art
sitter модель, натурщик, тот, кто позирует художнику • to reveal the inner world of a sitter;
to sit for smb позировать кому л.
skill умение, ловкость, мастерство • to portray smth with great skill; to show skill in smth
spirit дух • to reveal the ardent spirit of a poet (fighter, citizen)
spiritual |
[ spiri´ υəl] духовный |
strength |
сила • the spiritual strength of a person; the strength of an army |
to stress |
подчеркивать; ставить ударение на • to stress a fact; He stressed |
the importance of our work.
subject = theme тема, сюжет • the subject of a book (lecture, discussion, report)
Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two |
396 |
to succeed (in) преуспевать, достигать цели • If you do your best, you will succeed in achieving better results.
theme = subject тема, предмет • What is the theme of your report? to set a theme
tradition традиция • ancient (old) traditions
to transform превращать, преображать, делать неузнаваемым • to trans form reality
unendurable невыносимый • unendurable living conditions until пока не • I’ll wait until he comes.
the Association of Mobile Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) Товарищество передвижных художественных выставок (Передвижники)
Geographical and Proper Names
“The Stranger” — «Незнакомка» (название картины)
“Christ [kraist] in the Desert” — «Христос в пустыне» (название картины) the Ukraine [j krein]´ — Украина
“Moonlit Night” — «Лунная ночь» (название картины)
11. Прочтите текст:
I. N. Kramskoy — Artist and Citizen
The best and brightest period in the development of Russian art is closely connected with the name of Ivan Nikolaevich Kram skoy. He is known for his having been not only a talented artist but an outstanding art critic and a public figure as well.
Kramskoy was born in 1837 in Ostrogorsk, Voronezh Guber nia. His parents being poor, he had to start earning his living very early. Upon arriving in St. Petersburg in 1857, he was soon accepted to the Academy of Arts.
In the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries teaching at the Academy was based on ancient art and the pupils had to observe reality according to these ancient traditions. The old artistic canons at the Academy being unendurable, Kramskoy headed a group of fourteen students who refused to paint a pic ture on a theme set. This group demanded the right to choose themes connected with the life around them. After their hav ing been refused, Kramskoy together with his friends left the Academy without graduating in protest. Later on he became an organizer and inspirer of the Association of Mobile Art Exhibi tions (Peredvizhniki).
He left behind many great paintings which are an impor tant part of Russian art. His excellent canvases such as “The
Lesson Nineteen |
397 |
Stranger”, “Christ in the Desert”, “Rusalki” are among the best treasures of Russian culture.
Kramskoy painted his famous canvas “Rusalki” after his hav ing visited the Ukraine in 1871. The subject of the painting was taken from Gogol’s story “May Night”. The poetical charm of the calm Ukrainian night and Gogol’s beautiful story inspired Kramskoy to create this picture. The painting was first exhib ited in the spring of 1872 in Moscow and afterwards in Kiev. Everywhere art lovers were full of admiration for it.
The difficult problem of painting moonlight continued to in terest Kramskoy. In 1880 he painted “Moonlit Night”. In this picture Kramskoy succeeded better than anywhere else in ren dering this cold phosphoric radiance which transforms reality revealing a new and unknown world.
Kramskoy is also estimated for his having painted the por traits of his famous contemporaries: writers, poets, painters, actors. As a portrait painter Kramskoy displays the great abil ity of understanding and revealing the inner world of his sitter. Most of his portraits are the best examples of realistic and psy chological portraits.
In portraying Nekrasov in 1877 Kramskoy succeeded in re vealing his deep inner world, and stressed above all his ardent spirit and great spiritual strength. This is more than an ordinary portrait, it is a portrait that tells a story.
Kramskoy was seriously ill during his last years. Neverthe less he continued painting until the very last day of his life. He died on March 24, 1887 while working at his easel. All his life Kramskoy fought for social significance, realism and technical skill in art. The importance of Kramskoy as the leader of the “Peredvizhniki” group and art critic cannot be overestimated.
Repin was deeply right when he wrote: “You as a Russian artist and citizen deserve a national monument.”
Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two |
398 |
Exercises To Be Done at Home
1. Переведите без словаря:
to fight — fighter; to create — creation — creator — creative; city — citizen; to inspire — inspirer — inspiration; spirit — spiritual; to transform — transformer — transformation; to re veal — revelation; to arrive — arrival; to refuse — refusal; to accept — acceptance — acceptable; charm — charming; signifi cant — significance
2. Назовите формы Past Indefinite и Participle II от следующих неправильных глаголов:
to know, to teach, to begin, to become, to leave, to fight, to sit, to tell, to write, to go, to read, to put, to set
3. Закройте листом бумаги приводимый ниже ключ. Назовите слова, сходные по значению со следующими словами. Проверьте свои ответы по ключу:
importance, to arrive, to create, sitter, afterwards, canvas, very good, to display, to portray, subject, above all
Key: significance, to come, to make, model, then, painting, ex cellent, to reveal (to show), to render, topic (theme), mainly (most of all, first of all)
4. Переведите на русский язык:
a) to earn one’s life, to be accepted to the institute, to gradu ate from the institute, an excellent canvas, mobile art exhibi tion, full of admiration, to work at one’s easel, as well, to dis play ability, to display excellent skill, inner world, to deserve a monument, according to the plan, above all, ardent love, ardent fighter, the spirit of our time, from the very beginning
б) the accepted plan, until the very last day, spiritual strength, a calm expression on the face, according to the newspapers, to estimate one’s strength, to change the subject of a conversation, an ordinary child, to do smth in an ordinary way, an art critic
в) 1. We did not believe the reality of what we had seen. 2. There was no wind and the sea was calm. 3. He succeeded in carrying
Lesson Nineteen |
399 |
out all his plans. 4. In this canvases the artist revealed his un derstanding of human nature and character. 5. Don’t reveal my secrets and plans. 6. Great is the strength of words. 7. This is the very book you asked me for. 8. She plays the piano with great skill.
5. Переведите на английский язык слова и словосочетания, данные в скобках:
1. I liked the book (с самого начала). 2. Last night I watched the TV show (до самого конца). 3. He met a lot of difficulties in his work, (тем не менее) he finished it in time. 4. He (отказался) to work (согласно, по) the plan. 5. (Критик переоценил) the im portance of the canvas. 6. The great Russian painter Kramskoy (организатор и вдохновитель) of the “Peredvizhniki”, lived and worked in the 19th century. 7. He painted the portraits (своих современников). 8. Kramskoy (горячо любил) his motherland and his people and always (боролся за социальную значимость искусства), realism and technical skill. 9. He was an (выда ющийся) artist of the 19th century. 10. (Крамскому всегда удавалось раскрыть) the inner world of his sitters.
Exercises To Be Done in Class
6. Переведите на английский язык:
1. Замечательный русский художник Крамской, организа тор и вдохновитель Передвижников, жил и работал в XIX веке. 2. Его значение — в правдивом реалистическом изобра жении жизни своей эпохи. 3. Крамской написал портреты своих великих современников. 4. Работая над портретом по эта Некрасова, Крамской прежде всего поставил себе задачу раскрыть внутренний мир поэта и подчеркнуть его духовную силу. 5. Крамской горячо любил свою родину и свой народ; он всю жизнь боролся за реализм и социальную значимость ис кусства. 6. Несмотря на тяжелую болезнь, Крамской работал до самого последнего дня своей жизни и умер за мольбертом в 1887 г. 7. Произведения Крамского составляют значитель ную часть сокровищницы русского искусства.
Основной курс. Часть вторая. Part Two |
400 |
7. Переведите следующие вопросы и ответьте на них:
1. Когда и где родился И. Н. Крамской? 2. Когда он посту пил в Академию? 3. Почему Крамской ушел из Академии, не окончив ее? 4. На чем основывалось преподавание в Акаде мии в то время? 5. Чего требовала группа студентов во главе с Крамским? 6. Кто был организатором и вдохновителем Пе редвижников? 7. Какие работы Крамского вы знаете? 8. Что вы можете сказать о портретах Крамского? 9. Что старался художник отразить в своих портретах?
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation
1. Прочтите и запомните слова, касающиеся темы “At a Hotel”:
single (double) room одно (двух) местный номер to reserve a room бронировать комнату
to fill in the form заполнять бланк
to stay at (in) a hotel останавливаться в гостинице price цена
expensive дорогой cheap дешевый
How much is it? Сколько я вам должен?
How much is the room without board? Сколько стоит комната без пан сиона?
I would like to pay now. Я хотел бы оплатить сейчас. check out time расчетный час
put down your permanent address напишите адрес вашего постоянного проживания
2. Прочтите диалоги и постарайтесь воспроизвести их со своим собеседником (т. е. поговорить с ним на тему “At a Hotel”):
1
—Can you name me a decent hotel but not very expensive?
—Why, yes. You can stay at the “Europe” (hotel). It’s a new and comfortable hotel.
—Is it very expensive?
—As far as I know it’s rather cheap.