uchebnik-po-angliyskomu-yaziku-dlya-gumanitariev

Lesson 19a (additional)		411
		Продолжение
in	в тумане, летом, на небе, на севере, на востоке, вече
	ром, писать чернилами, в различных частях остро
	ва, в темноте
to	к югу, течь на запад, близость к континенту, обра
	щать внимание на что л., принадлежать к чему л.,
	посвящать что л. кому л.
at	по временам, в 5 часов, в полдень, в полночь, в то же
	самое время
with	быть наполненным водой, писать ручкой, с удоволь
	ствием, иметь дело с, вместе с другом, видеть своими
	собственными глазами
from	текущая с запада, дуть с юга, приехать с Дальнего
	Востока (с Севера), получить письмо из Киева, с са
	мого начала

12. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What does the climate of a country depend on? 2. What kind of climate does Britain enjoy? Why? 3. Do the surrounding seas influence the British climate? 4. What influences the British climate most of all? 5. In what way does the Gulf Stream influ ence the British climate: does it make the climate milder? 6. Is the climate in different parts of the island the same? 7. In what way does the form of the surface influence the climate? 8. Which part of the island is warmer? 9. Why is the eastern part cooler and drier? 10. What can you say about winter on the British Isles? 11. What is its average temperature? 12. In what season do fogs mainly occur in London? 13. What is the cause of the winter fogs in London? 14. What is “smog”? 15. Do the British people spend a lot of time out of doors?

13. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию рисунка. Составьте рассказ в настоя щем времени, а затем в прошедшем, используя данные ниже слова:

1.What is the weather like? Why does Mr. X. want to go for a walk?

2.Is Mr. X. enjoying his walk?

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3.Do any dark clouds appear suddenly in the sky? Is it hot or cold? Why do you think so?

4.Does it suddenly begin to rain? Does Mr. X. have time to put his hat and coat on?

5.Why is Mr. X. putting his hat and coat on?

6.Is it raining when he opens the umbrella?

7.Does the strong wind begin to blow suddenly? Is his umbrella broken? Is his hat blown away?

Lesson 19a (additional)

413

8.Does the weather change again very soon? Why can’t Mr. X. use his umbrella now?

9.Does the weather soon change for the better again? Is Mr. X. hot again? Why is he drinking beer?

10.What’s the weather like now? Is Mr. X. cold?

11.Why is Mr. X. walking home? Has Mr. X. lost his hat? Why do you think so?

12.Why is Mr. X. in bed? Is it the result of quick changes in the weather?

Words and Expressions

suddenly вдруг

to take off снимать (пальто, шляпу)

hat шляпа coat пальто

to be thirsty хотеть пить to drink пить

beer пиво

to put one’s coat over one’s head

накрываться пальто (с голо вой)

to put on надевать (пальто,

шляпу)
umbrella зонтик
to break (broke, broken)	ломаться
to blow away сдувать, уносить
(ветром)
to change for the better	меняться

к лучшему kerchief шарф

to lose (lost, lost) терять

to fall (fell, fallen) ill заболеть

14. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст. Поставьте к нему 12 вопросов в логической последовательности. Передайте кратко содержание на англий ском языке:

The Olympics

The Olympics have a very long history. They began in 776 B.C. (до нашей эры) and took place every four years for nearly 1200 years at Olympia, in Greece. They included many kinds of sports: running, boxing, wrestling, the pentathlon (five dif ferent sports) and chariot racing.

In A.D. (нашей эры) 394 the Games stopped and the temple (храм) at Olympia was destroyed. Fifteen hundred years later, in 1894, a Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, persuaded (убедить) people from fifteen countries to start the Olympic Games again. The first of the modern series of Games took place in Athens two years later, in 1896.

At the fourth Olympics, in 1908, in London, there were more than two thousand competitors, from twenty one differ

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ent countries. Since then, the number of athletes competing has increased each time. The International Olympic Committee at Lausanne, in Switzerland, decides where each Olympics will take place. They ask a city (not a country) to be host — one city for the Winter Olympics and one for the Summer Olympic Games.

Nearly 150 countries are represented in the International Olympic Committee. After the Second World War the modern Olympic Games were resumed in London in 1948. They were the XIV Olympic Games.

15. Переведите следующий текст со словарем:

Make and Do

The two verbs make and do are very commonly confused in English — in fact, people often make mistakes when using them!

Generally speaking, make is used for creative actions, and do is used for routine ones, but there is really no hard and fast rule. If you think this makes it difficult to make up your mind which verb to use, then you are absolutely right!

When you get up in the morning, you should make your bed, and then you can make some tea or coffee for breakfast. If you want to make money, you must do a job. When you are at work, you should always do your best and make a success of every thing. You should do the housework every day, and you should make time to teach yourself to cook so that you can make cakes, and to sew so that you can make your own clothes. If you are a student, you must do all your homework if you want to make sure that you will do well when you do your examinations. If you want to visit the doctor, it is a good idea to make an ap pointment first, especially if you have to make a long journey to get to his surgery. Of course, you must not make a lot of noise while you are waiting to see him, or you will not make a good impression on him.

Finally, you may well ask why the English don’t make a set of rules to help you know when to say make and when to say do!

(Из журнала «Англия»)

Lesson 19a (additional)

415

Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes

of Conversation

1. Прочтите диалоги и воспроизведите их со своим собеседником:

1

A:Can I speak to John, please.

B:Speaking.

A:Hello, John. Harry is here. Where have you been all this time? I have phoned you several times but nobody answered the calls.

B:No wonder. I have just come back from London. I took part in a scientific conference.

A:Was the trip interesting?

B:Oh, yes, it was wonderful. Come to see me on Saturday, I’ll show you the slides and tell you about the trip.

A: I will. Thank you.

2

A:I have just spoken to the Managing Director of the Company. They are going to build a machine building plant and they are interested in our equipment.

B:That’s really good news. They have never placed orders1 with us but I hope our terms will suit them.

A: I think they are going to sign a contract with us.

2. Прочтите 3 однотипных диалога, составьте и воспроизведите их со своим собеседником:

1

A:Have you taken part in the conference?

B:Yes, I have.

A:When did you take part in it?

B:I took part in the conference last week.

A:That’s good.

1to place an order — заказывать, разместить заказ

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2

A:Have you discussed the contract with the customer?

B:Yes, I have.

A:When did you discuss the contract?

B:We discussed it last night.

A: That’s O.K.

3

A:Have you spoken to the President about your visit to the plant?

B:Yes, I have.

A:When did you speak to him?

B:I spoke to the President two days ago.

A:That’s very good.

3. Возразите на следующие утверждения:

You wanted to get up early.

No, I didn’t want to get up early.

1. He took his wife for a walk. 2. You spoke to the dean yes terday. 3. She called you yesterday. 4. You are fond of playing cards. 5. He is watching TV now. 6. They are working on a computer. 7. She has received three letters this month. 8. Her husband has already come back. 9. We have already booked tick ets. 10. The living conditions were greatly improved. 11. The letter was posted this morning. 12. The design work was car ried out by them. 13. I have begun my work. 14. He has sold his house. 15. You have bought new shoes. 16. He came home late last night. 17. She will spend her holiday in the south. 18. They will change the time table.

Я люблю приглашать сво их друзей в театр.

Я люблю, когда меня при глашают в театр.

Я счастлив, что меня при гласили в театр.

Я рад, что повидал вас. С ним трудно иметь дело.

Он не любит, когда его бес покоят (когда ему меша ют).

Lesson Twenty (20)

The twentieth lesson

Grammar

Step 95

Инфинитив — The Infinitive (§§ 91–96)

Формы инфинитива

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Active	to write	to be writing	to have written
Passive	to be written	—	to have been written

Обратите внимание на перевод инфинитива в зависимости от его формы:

1. I like to invite my friends to the theatre.

2. I like to be invited to the the atre.

3. I am happy to have been in vited to the theatre.

4. I am glad to have seen you.

5. He is difficult to deal with.

6. He doesn’t like to be dis turbed.

Функции инфинитива в предложении:

1. Подлежащее
To read is useful.	Читать — полезно.
To fulfil this plan is not an	Выполнить этот план — за
easy task.	дача нелегкая.
2. Часть составного сказуемого
His dream was to become an	Его мечтой было стать ху
artist.	дожником.

По правде говоря, я не смо гу закончить эту работу се годня.

Прежде всего, вам надо обратиться к врачу.

7. Вводный член предложения To tell you the truth, I shan’t be able to finish this work to day.

To begin with, you must see the doctor.

6. Инфинитивный определительный оборот со значением долженствования и будущего времени

This is the article to be pub Вот статья, которая должна lished in our magazine. быть опубликована в нашем

журнале.

The report to be made at Доклад, который будет сде the conference has not been лан на конференции, еще не typed yet. отпечатан.

It was a difficult problem to solve.

Here is a good house to live in.

A. F. Mozhaisky was the first to invent a plane.

Это была трудная проблема,

которую надо было решить. Вот дом, в котором хорошо жить.

А. Ф. Можайский был пер вым, кто изобрел самолет.

5. Определение

Я жду, чтобы мне сообщили

результаты.

Вы должны упорно рабо тать, чтобы овладеть ан глийским языком.

4. Обстоятельство цели

I am waiting to be told the re sults.

(In order) To master English you must work hard.

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He cannot read English.	Он не умеет читать по ан
	глийски.
We have to go there immedi	Мы должны идти туда неме
ately.	дленно.
3. Дополнение
He likes to read.	Он любит читать.
I want to be invited to the	Я хочу, чтобы меня пригла
conference.	сили на конференцию.
We are glad to have seen you.	Мы рады, что повидали вас.

Lesson Twenty

419

1. Переведите на русский язык:

1.To see is to believe. 2. To swim in the Black Sea was a real plea sure. 3. We had to change the time of our meeting. 4. He wants to accept your offer. 5. He wants to be accepted to the institute.

6.He is happy to have been accepted to the Academy. 7. To pro duce a great number of excellent consumer goods, meeting the requirements of the population, is the task of our light industry.

8.I am sorry to have interrupted you. 9. To resume meetings of our circle we have to speak to the dean. 10. This is the problem to be solved as soon as possible. 11. That was a nice seaside place to spend the holidays. 12. I need a pen to write with. 13. Russia was the first to conquer space. 14. Lomonosov was the first to use the Russian language in scientific books. 15. She was the last to speak at the meeting. 16. We were the first to ring him up and to tell the news. 17. He told us nothing about his plan of research work to be carried out next year. 18. I have something interesting to tell you. 19. There was nothing interesting at the exhibition to attract our attention. 20. To master this specialty one must work hard. 21. In order to improve the drawing skill one must draw every day. 22. A certain temperature must be kept in picture galleries to preserve paintings. 23. To come to my office in time I must leave at 7.30. 24. To greet the teacher the students stand up when the teacher enters the classroom.

2.Скажите, что действие, о котором идет речь, произошло в прошлом, по

образцу:

We are glad to see you.

We are glad to have seen you.

1. She is happy to meet you. 2. We are sure to see him in the library. 3. She is sure to be accepted to the institute. 4. I am glad to be invited to the party. 5. We are glad to hear the news. 6. She is sorry to keep you waiting. 7. He is happy to take part in the discussion. 8. I am sorry to trouble you.

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3. Видоизмените предложения, употребив Passive Infinitive, по образцам. Пе реведите предложения на русский язык:

We are glad to meet you.

We are glad to be met by you.

1. I do not want to ask about it. 2. She wants to tell the story. 3. I am glad to invite them. 4. I do not like to interrupt you. 5. She hopes to provide you with everything necessary for the work. 6. He is happy to paint you.

4. Вместо придаточных предложений употребите инфинитив в функции опре деления, по образцу:

This is a list of words which must be learnt.

This is a list of words to be learnt.

1. We’ll find someone who will help us if you are busy. 2. The project which is to be submitted next week is not ready yet. 3. The work which is to be done by the students includes written translation from English into Russian. 4. The task which is to be fulfilled is quite clear to us. 5. He was the first who made a report. 6. This is the article which is to be published next month.

5. Переведите на английский язык, используя инфинитив:

а) дом, который надо построить; текст, который надо пере вести; выставка, которую надо посмотреть; письмо, которое надо отправить; статья, которую надо напечатать

б) 1. Я рад, что купил билеты заранее. 2. Вопрос, который предстоит обсудить, имеет огромное значение. 3. Вы помни те, кто ушел из лаборатории последним? 4. Петров принял наше предложение первым. 5. Наша задача — выполнить эту работу как можно скорее. 6. Мне потребовалось много време ни, чтобы перевести эту статью. 7. Для того, чтобы сделать хороший доклад, ему пришлось прочесть много книг. 8. Я не помню, чтобы я говорила вам об этом. 9. Трудиться — долг каждого. 10. По правде говоря, мне не хочется идти с вами в кино. 11. А. С. Попов первым изобрел (to invent) радио. 12. Новое здание, которое будет построено вместо старого, спроектировано молодым архитектором. 13. Вот бумага для рисования.