I. Vocabulary.

Choose the best word for each sentence. Use each word only once. ;rudely stretch own regenerate

magnified congregation damages contract

deformity tissue supporting heals

unfortunately classified

1. The human body is a ___ of an estimated 26 trillion cells…

2. Most cells are so small that they can be seen only when greatly ___ .

3. The nucleus is, ___ the heart and reproductive system of the cell.

4. A group of cells form a ___, like muscle tissue.

5. Each cell has its ___ life span.

6. Thus, for example, muscle cells ___ and contract, nerve cells carry signals.

7. Anything that cuts off the blood supply to a part of the body kills and ___ cells.

8. A disease process is an essence damage or ___ of cells, which can no longer perform their functions.

9. … a broken bone, for example, ___ by replacement of cells.

10. Unfortunately nerve cells do not ___ .

11. Connective tissue cells make up the ____ tissues of the body.

12. Muscle cells which have the power to expand and ___ , are of three kinds…

II. Answer the questions.

1. What are cells?

2. How many cells are there in the human body?

3. How much do the cells measure?

4. What does a cell consist of?

5. What is the life span of a cell?

6. What do muscle cells and nerve cells do?

7. How can cells be damaged and killed?

8. Do nerve cells regenerate?

9. How can cells in the human body be classified?

10. Where are epithelial cells found?

11. What do connective tissue cells do?

12. What kind of power do muscle cells have?

13. Where are sex cells found?

III. Change the following statements to questions supplying short answers.

Example: Signals are carried by nerve cells. Are signals carried by nerve cells?- Yes, they are.

1. A developing embryo can be affected by a disease of the mother.

2. Paralysis is caused by the polio virus.

3. The virus that causes yellow fever in man was found in 1901.

4. Several types of microbes will be seen.

5. The fertilized eggs were implanted in human mothers.

6. The smallest and the largest known viruses have been meas­ured.

7. This is not going to be decided by the ethicists.

IV. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.

protoplasm, blood, poison, muscle, hormone, tissue

1. Internal secretion that passes into the blood and stimulates the bodily organs.

2. Elastic substance in an animal body that can be tightened or loosened to produce movement.

3. Colorless, jelly-like substance which is the material basis of life in animals and plants.

4. Mass of cells and cell products in an animal body.

5. Red liquid flowing throughout the body of man and the higher animals.

6. Substance causing death or harm if absorbed by a living thing (animal or plant).

V. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.

A. Change into negative.

Example: Most cells can be seen only when greatly magnified. Most cells can't be seen when greatly magnified.

1. Most cells can be seen only when greatly magnified.

2. New cells are formed by division of old ones.

3. This spread of cancer cells is called metastasis.

4. The evolution has been faced with new problems.

5. Cloning clinics will be founded in future.

6. A great many viruses have been identified since 1901.

7. These strains could then be massproduced in large tanks.

B. Use the verbs in the Passive Voice.

Example: Yeasts leaven our bread.

Our bread is leavened by yeasts.

1. Yeasts leaven our bread.

2. We are putting bacteria to work in wondrous ways.

1. Scientists spliced the gene of a toad into the genes of a bacte­rium.

2. The pharmaceutical giant was erecting a new facility when I vi­sited it.

3. It will produce Humulin.

3. Doctors would take a healthy egg from a woman and destroy the nucleus.

4. People have accepted artificial fertilization.

5. A herpesvirus can cause blindness.

C. Use the verbs in the Active Voice.

Example: This method of reproduction is called "cloning". (We...)

We call this method of reproduction "cloning".

1. Sometimes the stomach is invaded by cancer cells. (Cancer cells...)

2. Hormones are manufactured by endocrine-gland cells. (Endo­crine-gland cells...)

3. The egg's nucleus is being destroyed at the moment. (A biolo­gist...)

4. Central secrets of the cell growth and development have not yet been fathomed. (People...)

5. Under the microscope hundreds of different varieties of cancer cells can be identified. (Scientists...)

6. Secretions are poured out by epithelial cells. (Epithelial cells...)

7. The genetic information of the egg's nucleus was destroyed. (They...)

8. A new form of immortality could be found. (People...)

D. Ask questions about the information in italics.

Example: The first tadpole was cloned in 1968. (When...?) When was the first tadpole cloned?

1. "Virus" has become a fashionable medical diagnosis. (What...?)

2. Research into such therapies has expanded markedly in the past five to 10years. (When...?)

3. Today two thirds or more of these episodes can be prevented with medication. (How...?)

4. Both these groups are placed in the kingdom Protista. (Where...?)

5. Tadpoles have been cloned a lot of times since 1968. (How many times...?)

6. Bandages are wound with even firm pressure to prevent further bleeding. (Why...?)

7. The patient should be lead to a tap or sink. (Who... ?)