VI. Write questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in brackets.

1. Their arms and legs became paralysed and shrunken. ( Whose..? What..?)

2. Eijkman was immersed in germ theory.( Who ..? What ..?)

3. Dr. Eijkman decided to try an experiment. ( What ..? Who ..?)

4. The favourite food of the people was white-polished rice. ( Whose ..? What ..?)

5. During the course of 1896 these chickens came down spontaneously with a disease very much like beriberi. ( When..? What … with?)

6. The hulls were removed when rice was polished. ( What ..? When ..?)

7. These food factors belonged to the class of compounds known as "amines". ( What ..? What … to?)

VII. Analyse the “-ing” and “-ed” forms in the sentences, state their functions.

1. We are all interested in the problem discussed.

2. Given time and money, we can solve any problem.

3. Water boiling at 110 contains some impurities.

4. Water - boiling point is 100.

5. Having lost an electron, a neutral lead atom becomes positively charged.

6. I was surprised at her having lost the way in such a small town.

7. I heard somebody walking in the hall.

8. I heard of her leaving the town for good.

9. Growing flowers takes much time and effort.

10. Growing flowers need much sun and water.

11. Obtained mineral substances were most significant.

12. Substances obtained from plants were used in crafts.

13. Observing the sky, scientists discovered a new planet.

VIII. Translate the following into Russian.

1. She cannot read without consulting the dictionary.

2. His being stopped by a stranger surprised him very much.

3. I remember my having told him about the meeting.

4. We didn’t know about his having been taken to hospital.

5. His having asked this question shows that he doesn’t understand the article.

6. We know of many experiments being made at our Research Institute.

7. Your having been sent with the expedition was known to everybody.

IX . Answer the questions:

1. What were the symptoms of the strange disease?

2. Why did Dr.Eijkman bring chicken with him from Holland?

3. What prevented the experimental chickens dying of beriberi?

4. Did Dr.Eijkman realize the real cause of the disease?

5. What really caused the disease?

6. Who first suggested the name vitamin?

X. Translate the sentences using words and expressions from the text.

1. Он заболел корью (measles) два дня назад.

2. Жертвой болезни может быть любой.

3. Никто не знает как лечить или предотвратить эту болезнь.

4. Он питается исключительно фруктами и овощами.

5. Их держали на овощной диете в течении года.

6. Тысячи людей умерли от спида (AIDS).

7. Через небольшой промежуток времени он поправится.

8. Эта болезнь вызывается отсутствием витаминов.

9. Я предлагаю, чтобы эти люди приняли участие в обсуждении.

10. Вначале он не понимал истиной причины заболевания.

XI. Translate the text without a dictionary. Guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words.

The term “vitamin” has undergone important changes in meaning since it was first introduced; as a result it carries with it some imprints of all its different meanings. Forty years ago it was believed that the essential constituents of a diet were protein, carbohydrate and fat (these three foodstuffs together must be present in suf­ficient amounts to yield the full calorie requirements), certain minerals (inorganic ions) and water. But later when a chemically pure diet of this kind had been prepared and administered, the animals died; natural food therefore, contains other, non-calorie-providing, but nevertheless essential, constituents for growth, health and life. In rats, addition of small amounts of milk to a diet which accor­ding to the theories then current was adequate, preserved health and restored growth; the unknown essential fac­tors in milk were called "accessory food factors" by Hopkins. The accessory food factors or vitamins were soon divided into: 1) fat-soluble; 2) water-soluble. The fat-so­luble were differentiated into vitamins A and D. The water-soluble — into В and C. It was soon found that vitamin В was not a single substance, but a mixture of several substances. Its title was altered to vitamin В complex and the individual constituents as they were iso­lated were given distinctive names, the chemical identity of the vitamins was worked out and many such substan­ces are now known. They are: vitamins A, D, E К, С (all fat-soluble) and В complex (all water-soluble).

The distinctive characteristic of the vitamins is that they are micro-constituents of the diet of high biological activity which cannot be replaced by other normal dietary constituents.