- •Preface
- •Contents
- •1 Nonideal plasma. Basic concepts
- •1.1 Interparticle interactions. Criteria of nonideality
- •1.1.1 Interparticle interactions
- •1.1.2 Coulomb interaction. Nonideality parameter
- •1.1.4 Compound particles in plasma
- •1.2.2 Metal plasma
- •1.2.3 Plasma of hydrogen and inert gases
- •1.2.4 Plasma with multiply charged ions
- •1.2.5 Dusty plasmas
- •1.2.6 Nonneutral plasmas
- •References
- •2.1 Plasma heating in furnaces
- •2.1.1 Measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectromotive force
- •2.1.2 Optical absorption measurements.
- •2.1.3 Density measurements.
- •2.1.4 Sound velocity measurements
- •2.2 Isobaric Joule heating
- •2.2.1 Isobaric heating in a capillary
- •2.2.2 Exploding wire method
- •2.3 High–pressure electric discharges
- •References
- •3.1 The principles of dynamic generation and diagnostics of plasma
- •3.2 Dynamic compression of the cesium plasma
- •3.3 Compression of inert gases by powerful shock waves
- •3.4 Isentropic expansion of shock–compressed metals
- •3.5 Generation of superdense plasma in shock waves
- •References
- •4 Ionization equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of weakly ionized plasmas
- •4.1 Partly ionized plasma
- •4.2 Anomalous properties of a metal plasma
- •4.2.1 Physical properties of metal plasma
- •4.2.2 Lowering of the ionization potential
- •4.2.3 Charged clusters
- •4.2.4 Thermodynamics of multiparticle clusters
- •4.3 Lowering of ionization potential and cluster ions in weakly nonideal plasmas
- •4.3.1 Interaction between charged particles and neutrals
- •4.3.2 Molecular and cluster ions
- •4.3.3 Ionization equilibrium in alkali metal plasma
- •4.4 Droplet model of nonideal plasma of metal vapors. Anomalously high electrical conductivity
- •4.4.1 Droplet model of nonideal plasma
- •4.4.2 Ionization equilibrium
- •4.4.3 Calculation of the plasma composition
- •4.5 Metallization of plasma
- •4.5.3 Phase transition in metals
- •References
- •5.1.1 Monte Carlo method
- •5.1.2 Results of calculation
- •5.1.4 Wigner crystallization
- •5.1.5 Integral equations
- •5.1.6 Polarization of compensating background
- •5.1.7 Charge density waves
- •5.1.8 Sum rules
- •5.1.9 Asymptotic expressions
- •5.1.10 OCP ion mixture
- •5.2 Multicomponent plasma. Results of the perturbation theory
- •5.3 Pseudopotential models. Monte Carlo calculations
- •5.3.1 Choice of pseudopotential
- •5.5 Quasiclassical approximation
- •5.6 Density functional method
- •5.7 Quantum Monte Carlo method
- •5.8 Comparison with experiments
- •5.9 On phase transitions in nonideal plasmas
- •References
- •6.1 Electrical conductivity of ideal partially ionized plasma
- •6.1.1 Electrical conductivity of weakly ionized plasma
- •6.2 Electrical conductivity of weakly nonideal plasma
- •6.3 Electrical conductivity of nonideal weakly ionized plasma
- •6.3.1 The density of electron states
- •6.3.2 Electron mobility and electrical conductivity
- •References
- •7 Electrical conductivity of fully ionized plasma
- •7.1 Kinetic equations and the results of asymptotic theories
- •7.2 Electrical conductivity measurement results
- •References
- •8 The optical properties of dense plasma
- •8.1 Optical properties
- •8.2 Basic radiation processes in rarefied atomic plasma
- •8.5 The principle of spectroscopic stability
- •8.6 Continuous spectra of strongly nonideal plasma
- •References
- •9 Metallization of nonideal plasmas
- •9.1 Multiple shock wave compression of condensed dielectrics
- •9.1.1 Planar geometry
- •9.1.2 Cylindrical geometry
- •9.3 Metallization of dielectrics
- •9.3.1 Hydrogen
- •9.3.2 Inert gases
- •9.3.3 Oxygen
- •9.3.4 Sulfur
- •9.3.5 Fullerene
- •9.3.6 Water
- •9.3.7 Dielectrization of metals
- •9.4 Ionization by pressure
- •References
- •10 Nonneutral plasmas
- •10.1.1 Electrons on a surface of liquid He
- •10.1.2 Penning trap
- •10.1.3 Linear Paul trap
- •10.1.4 Storage ring
- •10.2 Strong coupling and Wigner crystallization
- •10.3 Melting of mesoscopic crystals
- •10.4 Coulomb clusters
- •References
- •11 Dusty plasmas
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Elementary processes in dusty plasmas
- •11.2.1 Charging of dust particles in plasmas (theory)
- •11.2.2 Electrostatic potential around a dust particle
- •11.2.3 Main forces acting on dust particles in plasmas
- •11.2.4 Interaction between dust particles in plasmas
- •11.2.5 Experimental determination of the interaction potential
- •11.2.6 Formation and growth of dust particles
- •11.3 Strongly coupled dusty plasmas and phase transitions
- •11.3.1 Theoretical approaches
- •11.3.2 Experimental investigation of phase transitions in dusty plasmas
- •11.3.3 Dust clusters in plasmas
- •11.4 Oscillations, waves, and instabilities in dusty plasmas
- •11.4.1 Oscillations of individual particles in a sheath region of gas discharges
- •11.4.2 Linear waves and instabilities in weakly coupled dusty plasmas
- •11.4.3 Waves in strongly coupled dusty plasmas
- •11.4.4 Experimental investigation of wave phenomena in dusty plasmas
- •11.5 New directions in experimental research
- •11.5.1 Investigations of dusty plasmas under microgravity conditions
- •11.5.2 External perturbations
- •11.5.3 Dusty plasma of strongly asymmetric particles
- •11.5.4 Dusty plasma at cryogenic temperatures
- •11.5.5 Possible applications of dusty plasmas
- •11.6 Conclusions
- •References
- •Index
INDEX
absorption index, 37, 87, 298, 316 anomalous deceleration, 115
Bethe–Uhlenbeck formula, 139 binary correlation function, 41, 171
bound–free and free–free transitions, 299 bremsstrahlung, 301
charged clusters, 132 Clausius–Mossotti equation, 137 Coulomb clusters, 395
Coulomb logarithm, 251, 283, 431 critical parameters, 139, 159 crystallization criteria, 444
damping of waves in dusty plasmas, 470 Debye radius, 3
Debye–H¨uckel potential, 3 decrement of wave damping in dusty
plasmas, 470 degeneration parameter, 2 density functional method, 207
drift–di usion regime of charging, 414 dust clusters, 459
dust sound velocity, 469 dust–acoustic wave, 468
dusty plasma crystallization, 404
electric discharge in condensed matter, 22 electrical conductivity, 31, 129, 137, 155,
248, 277, 342 electrocapillary radius, 150 emissivity, 38
exploding wire method, 47 explosion generator, 99
forbidden energy gap, 347
gas–phase nuclear reactor, 19 Gaunt factor, 302
generators of relativistic electrons and ions, 114
giant planets, 18
high–pressure arc, 54 Holtsmark distribution, 306
inertial nuclear fusion, 19
instability of waves in dusty plasmas, 470 Io e–Regel formula, 287
ion drag force, 428 ion–acoustic wave, 468
Joule heating, 26, 43
Kelvin equation, 150
Kirchho law, 298
Kramers formula, 301, 322
Kramers–Uns¨old formula, 303
Landau damping, 425, 471, 475 laser cooling, 379
liquid electrolytes, 18 Lorentz formula, 155, 252
lowering of the ionization potential, 131, 142
magnetic stopping, 115 magnetodynamic accelerator, 115 metal–dielectric transition, 137, 156, 333 MHD generator, 20
minimal metal conductivity, 344 Monte Carlo method, 169, 190 Mott transition, 156
multiple shock wave compression, 335
neutral drag force, 426 nonideality parameter, 2 nonneutral plasma, 16, 376 nuclear–induced plasma, 457
one–component plasm, 169
orbit motion limited (OML) theory, 407 oscillator strength, 300
Paul trap, 381, 404 Penning trap, 378
Percus–Yevick equation, 177 photoelectric emission, 416 photoionization threshold shift, 305 plasma thermoelement, 21
quantum Monte Carlo method, 211
519
520
rail–gun accelerator, 116 reflection coe cient, 38, 318 Riemann integrals, 71 Rosseland length, 299
Saha equation, 8, 126 scattering length, 6, 139
secondary electron emission, 417 shock adiabat, 83
shock waves, 65 sound velocity, 46 spectral intensity, 301
spectral line broadening, 305 spectral line shift, 305
spectroscopic stability principle, 313 Spitzer formula, 252, 277
static dielectric permeability, 171, 178 static structure factor, 41, 171 storage rings, 383
INDEX
Sun interrior, 18
surface electron states, 376
thermal e.m.f., 31 thermionic emission, 416
thermoelectric coe cient, 29, 268 thermophoretic force, 427 Thomas–Fermi length, 4 three–component plasma, 125
van der Waals equation of state, 7 velocity autocorrelation function, 266
white dwarfs, 18
Wigner crystallization, 175, 384 Wigner–Seitz cell, 2
Ziman formula, 285