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4.2 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following sentences оr their parts. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

1. the difference in time between a register access and memory access is very great,

2. it means that products like personal computers could start up instantly,

3.Storing and retrieving data from a large block of memory is more time consuming than from a small block.

4.for which high speed is worthwhile in the first place.

5. Main memory is attached to the processor via its address and data buses.

6. increases the data bus width to 64 bits, enabling it to access 8 bytes of data at a time.

New Developments in Electronic Memories

The versatile capabilities that have made the computer the great success are due to exploitation of the high speed of electronic computation by means of stored programs. This process requires that intermediate results be stored rapidly and furnished on demand for long computations, a).________________.

Memory is the predominant computer subsystem. It is the storage medium used to hold the system`s operating instructions and the specific application programs in use.

Modern computers have significantly more memory than the first PC`s and this has had an effect on the development of the PC`s architecture. With a large amount of memory, b).____________________, and this has resulted in extra layers of “cache” in the storage hierarchy and using clever electronics to ensure that the data the processor needs next is already in cache.

c).______________________Each bus consists of a number of electrical circuits or bits. Every time a bit is added to the width of the address bus, the address range doubles. In 1985, Intel`s 386 processor had a 32-bi address bus, enabling it to access up to 49B of memory. The Pentium processor – introduced in 1993-d).____________________.

In the late 2000 IBM and German semiconductor company Infineon Technologies

AG announced plans to collaborate in the development of Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM)-a breakthrough memory technology that could significantly increase battery life of portably computing devices and lead to “instant-on” computers. Since MRAM also retains information when power is turned off, e).__________________________, without waiting for software to “boot up”. Nonvolatility also means reduced power consumption. Since it will not need constant power to keep the data intact. MRAM could consume much less than established random access memory technologies, extending the battery life of cell phones, handheld devices, laptops and other battery powered products.

The technology could represent a serious threat to the various silicon-based memory chips towards 2010.

Vocabulary

1. versatile - многосторонний

2. exploitation - эксплуатация

3. predominant – преобладающий, доминирующий

4. to enable – давать возможность

5. breakthrough – крупное достижение, прорыв

6. instant- немедленный

7. to retain- удерживать, сохранять

8. intact – неповрежденный, целый

9. RAM (random access memory)- ЗУ с произвольной выборкой

10. ROM (read-only memory) – постоянное ЗУ

11. scratch pad- сверхоперативная память

12. cache- «кэш» память, сверхоперативная память

13. nonvolatility- энергонезависимость

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