Dream Interpretation

Dream interpretations have been discovered dating back to 5000 B.C. Sigmund Freud believed that no matter how simple or mundane, dreams may contain clues to thoughts the dreamer is afraid to acknowledge in his or her waking hours.

The Inuit people of North America, like Freud, believe that dreams contain hidden meanings. They believe that when dreaming, people enter the spiritual world where they interact with those who have passed away. These departed souls help the living reflect on some current or future event.

Some social scientists, however, are skeptical of dream interpretations. Nathaniel Kleitman, one of the pioneers who discovered REM sleep, wrote in 1960: “Dreaming may serve no function whatsoever.” According to this view, the experience of a dream is simply an unimportant by-product of stimulating certain brain cells during sleep. Others argue that the common experience of feeling paralyzed in a dream simply means that brain cells that inhibit muscle activity were randomly stimulated. One dream researcher advocates a problem-solving theory about dreaming. This theory proposes that dreaming allows people a chance to review and address some of the problems they faced during the day. One theorist, Francis Crick, believes that dreams are the brain’s way of removing certain unneeded memories. In other words, dreams are a form of mental housecleaning. This mental housecleaning may be necessary because it is not useful to remember every single detail of your life.

Daydreams

Daydreaming requires a low level of awareness and involves fantasizing, or idle but directed thinking, while we are awake. Usually we daydream when we are in situations that require little attention or when we are bored. Daydreaming serves useful purposes such as reminding us of or preparing us for events in our future. Daydreaming may also improve our creativity by generating thought processes. Some psychologists believe that daydreaming allows us to control our emotions.

2. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:

Dream interpretations, clues to thoughts, hidden meanings, the spiritual world, current or future event, an unimportant by-product, inhibit muscle activity, the problems they faced during the day, way of removing certain unneeded memories, mental housecleaning, preparing us for events in our future.

3. Answer the questions to the text:

1. When have dream interpretations started?

2. How did Freud consider dreams?

3. How do different scientists interpret dreams?

4. What is daydreaming?

5. Why is daydreaming useful?

4. Make a summary of the text using the following phrases:

As far as I know…..

It is rather surprising that…..

I’d like to add that…..

I have doubts about….. because…..

It seems that…..

The main idea of the text is…..

I agree that…..

5. Работа над лексикой и устная речь

Лексический минимум, стр. 94 – 95

Лексические упражнения: упр. 6 – 11, стр. 95 – 98

Речевые упражнения: упр. 24 (1, 2), стр. 111 – 112

6. Cамостоятельная работа студентов

Реферирование: текст How much Sleep, Understanding Psychology, 2003, p.186 – 187

Перевод текста What is hypnosis?, Understanding Psychology, 2003, p.191

7. Формы и содержание контроля

лексико-грамматическая контрольная работа:

1. Ответьте на вопросы: (3 вопроса)

1. Why is NREM sleep called “quiet sleep”?

2. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя конструкцию Complex Subject. Переведите предложения: (5 предложений)

1. Scientists consider sleep to be very important for mental and physical restoration.

3. Монологическое высказывание по теме «Sleep. Recent researches into the sleep»

Ответы:

1. NREM sleep is called “quiet sleep” because of the slow, regular breathing, the general absence of body movement, and the slow brain activity.

1. Sleep is considered to be very important for mental and physical restoration. – Считается, что сон очень важен для умственного и физического восстановления.

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МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ

Факультет социальной работы и клинической психологии, III семестр

Тема раздела: Palliative care as public health issue.

Время изучения темы: 6 часов

Цель: Овладеть активной лексикой и основными лексико-грамматическими конструкциями, необходимыми и достаточными для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний на тему: «Palliative care as public health issue».

Задачи: