- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text try to discuss the following questions.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Geography
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Origin and development of geography. Early history
- •Geographic methods. Map location and measurement
- •The Round Earth on Flat Paper
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Geography”
- •Revision
- •What is science?
- •Становление географии как науки
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Geography and people: Ptolemy
- •Components of maps
- •Maps and graphs Maps
- •Isoline maps
- •Choropleth
- •Topological maps
- •Proportional flow maps
- •Dot maps
- •Line graphs
- •Scattergraphs
- •Pie charts
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The History of Exploration
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Captain Cook
- •Text c The Mystery of the Franklin Expedition
- •Text d
- •The History of Maps
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Christopher Columbus”
- •Revision
- •Questions:
- •II. Первое русское кругосветное путешествие
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Famous Russian navigators
- •Navigation Tools
- •Unit III
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before we start reading let’s recollect the composition of the solar system.
- •What does the solar system consist of?
- •What heavenly object is the most beautiful (mysterious, important)?
- •The Universe and the Solar System
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Our local star
- •Text c The Evolution of the Universe
- •Text d Galaxies
- •Dialogue
- •Is the Sun Good or Bad for Us?
- •Is the sun good or bad for us?
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Stars”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the temperature of:
- •Note down the colours of :
- •Revision
- •The Lunar Surface
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading The Planets
- •Mercury
- •Jupiter
- •Uranus and Neptune
- •Stellar Evolution
- •Unit IV
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Is the earth a perfect sphere?
- •This Earth of Ours
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Text c The Earth. Size. Shape.
- •Text d The Earth
- •Dialogue Discussing the age of the earth
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Earth’s shape”
- •1. What is the “equatorial bulge”?
- •2. Are all three models only approximations?
- •Revision
- •History of the Earth
- •Latitude and Longitude
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Yellowstone National Park
- •The geological setting
- •Hydrothermal features
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The Atmosphere: Properties and composition
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle
- •The Ozone Layer
- •The Ionosphere
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Atmosphere”
- •Part b. Listening activities
- •Revision
- •Air pollution
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Texts Greenhouse gases
- •The air we breathe
- •Unit VI
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text discuss these points with a partner.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Climate
- •Word study
- •Climate
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The climate of the uk
- •The World’s Inconstant Climate
- •Methods of weather modification
- •Weather
- •Days of Abnormal Weather
- •Vocabulary
- •Days of Abnormal Weather Text 1
- •Interpretation
- •Weather Forecast
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Climate”
- •Revision
- •Climate
- •Weather maps
- •Project Writing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Climatic Change
- •Origin of Climatic Change
- •Ocean Currents
- •Unit VII
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Into how many parts is the earth’s surface divided?
- •How are land and sea distributed?
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Land Forms of the Earth
- •Word Study
- •The Alps
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The Surface of the Ground
- •Continental Drift
- •Wegener’s Theory
- •Text d The Soil Beneath our Feet
- •Dialogue Discussing the process of erosion
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Continental drift”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the terms used by the lecturer.
- •Note down the thickness of the asthenosphere.
- •Revision
- •Relief form of the earth
- •Earthquake waves
- •Earthquakes
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Erosion
- •Weathering
- •1999 A bad year for earthquakes
- •Limestone in Europe
- •Vulcanism
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Glaciers
- •Minerals
- •What Minerals Are
- •Mineral Properties
- •The Earth’s Interior
- •Interior Structure
- •Rock Classification
- •Igneous Rocks
- •Sedimentary Rocks
- •Grammar focus the system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
- •Passive voice
- •The Greenhouse Effect
- •Participle
- •The gerund
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Infinitive
- •I. Образование
- •II. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Complex Object
- •Complex Subject
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Subjunctive Mood Conditional Sentences
- •Modal verbs
- •(Выражение «вероятности», «предположения»)
- •The system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
Active Vocabulary
boundary n граница
boring n бурение, буровая скважина, буровые работы
constitute v образовывать, составлять
core n ядро
cover v покрывать, охватывать
cover n покров
density n плотность
earthquake n землетрясение
enclose n окружать
eruption n извержение (вулкана, лавы)
exist v существовать
folding n складкообразование
fossil n окаменелость, ископаемые остатки
moist a влажный
molten a расплавленный
with reference to что касается, относительно
rock n горная порода
sediment n осадок
solid a твердый
vast a обширный, огромный
Additional Reading Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park is very famous to many people Yellowstone means Yogi Bear. The more enlightened might think of grizzly bears, bison and the wolves that have been reintroduced to the park in recent years. Yellowstone is famous for its wildlife and has much importance as the core of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.
Yellowstone is also well known for its geysers, hot springs and other impressive hydrothermal features. Few people are aware that these are caused by a gigantic magma chamber. Which in some places is only 3 km beneath the surface [remember that continental crust is on average 30 km thick]. Even fewer would think of Yellowstone as a massive volcanic system, with much of the park located inside an enormous caldera. Yellowstone is, in fact, a super volcano that has produced some of the biggest and most powerful eruptions ever to affect the planet. A future eruption could cause devastation on a scale far beyond that of any volcanic disaster in recorded history.
Yellowstone National Park covers 8,987 km2, mostly in the northwest corner of the state of Wyoming, but also extending into Montana to the north and west and Idaho to the southwest. Most of the park is a plateau with altitudes ranging around 2,000 m above sea level. Outside the central area, the park is bounded by taller mountain ranges that are part of the Rocky Mountain chain. The Absaroka Range, with peaks over 3,000 m, lines the eastern side of the park, and the Gallatin Range is to the north-west.
Founded in 1872, Yellowstone was the world's first national park. In the early nineteenth century, several fur trappers visited the Yellowstone area, returning back east with bizarre tales of a land of 'fire and brimstone' where 'waterfalls spout upwards'. After the American Civil War, expeditions were sent into the area to find out whether there was any truth to these tales. One of the most important of these was the Hayden expedition of 1871 mounted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This expedition mapped and studied many of the hydrothermal phenomena in the area, establishing Yellowstone's geological importance.
Some of Yellowstone's fantastic scenery became widely recognised because of the landscapes painted by Thomas Moran who accompanied the Hayden expedition. All of this generated much public interest, and there was a real danger of the area becoming damaged by development and souvenir hunting. Realising that few of the geysers and hot springs would survive in their natural state without protection, in 1872 the US government took what was then a radical step, authorising the establishment of a national park for 'the benefit and enjoyment of the people'. It became the inspiration other national parks all over the world.