- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text try to discuss the following questions.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Geography
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Origin and development of geography. Early history
- •Geographic methods. Map location and measurement
- •The Round Earth on Flat Paper
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Geography”
- •Revision
- •What is science?
- •Становление географии как науки
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Geography and people: Ptolemy
- •Components of maps
- •Maps and graphs Maps
- •Isoline maps
- •Choropleth
- •Topological maps
- •Proportional flow maps
- •Dot maps
- •Line graphs
- •Scattergraphs
- •Pie charts
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The History of Exploration
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Captain Cook
- •Text c The Mystery of the Franklin Expedition
- •Text d
- •The History of Maps
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Christopher Columbus”
- •Revision
- •Questions:
- •II. Первое русское кругосветное путешествие
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Famous Russian navigators
- •Navigation Tools
- •Unit III
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before we start reading let’s recollect the composition of the solar system.
- •What does the solar system consist of?
- •What heavenly object is the most beautiful (mysterious, important)?
- •The Universe and the Solar System
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Our local star
- •Text c The Evolution of the Universe
- •Text d Galaxies
- •Dialogue
- •Is the Sun Good or Bad for Us?
- •Is the sun good or bad for us?
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Stars”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the temperature of:
- •Note down the colours of :
- •Revision
- •The Lunar Surface
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading The Planets
- •Mercury
- •Jupiter
- •Uranus and Neptune
- •Stellar Evolution
- •Unit IV
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Is the earth a perfect sphere?
- •This Earth of Ours
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Text c The Earth. Size. Shape.
- •Text d The Earth
- •Dialogue Discussing the age of the earth
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Earth’s shape”
- •1. What is the “equatorial bulge”?
- •2. Are all three models only approximations?
- •Revision
- •History of the Earth
- •Latitude and Longitude
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Yellowstone National Park
- •The geological setting
- •Hydrothermal features
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The Atmosphere: Properties and composition
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle
- •The Ozone Layer
- •The Ionosphere
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Atmosphere”
- •Part b. Listening activities
- •Revision
- •Air pollution
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Texts Greenhouse gases
- •The air we breathe
- •Unit VI
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text discuss these points with a partner.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Climate
- •Word study
- •Climate
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The climate of the uk
- •The World’s Inconstant Climate
- •Methods of weather modification
- •Weather
- •Days of Abnormal Weather
- •Vocabulary
- •Days of Abnormal Weather Text 1
- •Interpretation
- •Weather Forecast
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Climate”
- •Revision
- •Climate
- •Weather maps
- •Project Writing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Climatic Change
- •Origin of Climatic Change
- •Ocean Currents
- •Unit VII
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Into how many parts is the earth’s surface divided?
- •How are land and sea distributed?
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Land Forms of the Earth
- •Word Study
- •The Alps
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The Surface of the Ground
- •Continental Drift
- •Wegener’s Theory
- •Text d The Soil Beneath our Feet
- •Dialogue Discussing the process of erosion
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Continental drift”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the terms used by the lecturer.
- •Note down the thickness of the asthenosphere.
- •Revision
- •Relief form of the earth
- •Earthquake waves
- •Earthquakes
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Erosion
- •Weathering
- •1999 A bad year for earthquakes
- •Limestone in Europe
- •Vulcanism
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Glaciers
- •Minerals
- •What Minerals Are
- •Mineral Properties
- •The Earth’s Interior
- •Interior Structure
- •Rock Classification
- •Igneous Rocks
- •Sedimentary Rocks
- •Grammar focus the system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
- •Passive voice
- •The Greenhouse Effect
- •Participle
- •The gerund
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Infinitive
- •I. Образование
- •II. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Complex Object
- •Complex Subject
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Subjunctive Mood Conditional Sentences
- •Modal verbs
- •(Выражение «вероятности», «предположения»)
- •The system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
Project Writing
Choose one of the topics below and write a composition of about 500 words. Use the paragraph plan to help you organize your work. Before you write, ask your teacher about any words and phrases you need.
Topic 1: The most extraordinary weather I have ever encountered.
Paragraph 1:
What are the most extreme weather conditions you have experienced? Where did this experience occur?
Paragraph 2:
What time of year was it? Was there any warning of what happened? Had the conditions been forecast?
Paragraph 3:
Were you indoors or outdoors? What did you do?
Paragraph 4:
How long did these conditions last? What replaced them? How did you feel?
Topic 2: Write a story in which the weather reflects a person’s mood.
Writers often use what is called ‘the pathetic fallacy’, where the weather reflects the feelings of the characters. Decide what kind of mood you want to convey and then describe the scene. Remember that the mood can change and so a stormy day can end in sunshine.
Active Vocabulary
aggregate n совокупность
annual a (syn. yearly) ежегодный
current n поток, течение
ocean ~ океаническое течение
air ~ воздушный поток
drought n засуха
elevation n высота
experience v испытывать
expose v выставлять, подвергать действию
extreme n крайность
extreme a предельный, чрезмерный
forecast n прогноз
weather ~ прогноз погоды
forecast v (forecast, forecasted) предвидеть, предсказывать
hemisphere n полушарие
the Northern (Southern) ~ северное (южное) полушарие
humidity n влажность
influence (smth.) v влиять (на)
influence n воздействие
latitude n широта
high ~ s высокие широты внутри Северного и южного полярных кругов (66,5 0C. ш. и ю. ш.)
horse ~s конские широты (районы высокого атмосферного давления и штилей)
low ~ s низкие широты или тропические широты (тропики), лежащие между тропиком Рака (23,5 0 с.ш.) и тропиком Козерога (23,50 ю. ш.)
mid (dle)~ s средние широты (23,5 0 – 66,50 с. ш. и ю.ш.)
location n местоположение, местонахождение
moderate v смягчать
moderate a (syn. temperate) умеренный
moisture n влажность, сырость; влага
occur v происходить, встречаться, возникать, иметь место
precipitation n выпадение осадков; осадки
annual ~ годовое количество осадков
heavy ~ обильные осадки
range n предел, амплитуда
range v (from… to…) колебаться в известных пределах (от… до…)
receive v получать, принимать
(be) responsible (for) обусловливать
shower n ливень
developing ~ начинающиеся ливни
light (heavy) ~ небольшой дождь,(сильный ливень)
occasional ~ кратковременный ливень
remaining ~ остаточные ливни
scattered ~ местами ливни
sleet ~ сильный дождь со снегом
snow ~ метель
thundery ~ дождь с грозой
sleet n дождь со снегом
spell n короткий промежуток времени
a long ~ of fine weather продолжительный период хорошей погоды
variation n изменение, перемена, колебание
seasonal ~ годовая амплитуда
vary v (from… to…) изменяться (от… до…)
trade wind пассат
westerly западные ветры