Shall and Will

49. Analyse the modal meaning of shall and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The victory of peace can and shall be won. There shall be no war. 2. He shall do it whether he wants it or not. 3. “Darling, I wouldn’t let that child be chewing that pine stick if I were you.” “... There isn’t any harm in the child’s chew­ing a bit of pine stick if she wants to, and you know it perfectly well. And she shall chew it, too. So there, now!” (M. T.) 4. Higgins. Listen, Eliza. I think you said you came in a taxi. Eliza. Well, what if I did? I’ve as good a right to take a taxi as anyone else. Higgins. You have, Eliza, and in future you shall have as many taxis as you want. You shall go up and down and round the town in a taxi every day. Think of that, Eliza. (B. Sh.) 5. You shall answer for it! 6. “As long as I'm alive and have this house over my head,” said Peggotty, “you shall find it as if I expected you here directly minute.” (Ch. D.) 7. I passed the night at Peggotty’s in a little room in the roof, which was to be always mine, Peggotty said, and should always be kept for me in exactly the same state. (Ch. D.) 8. “Now, here you see young David Copperfield, and the question I put to you is, what shall I do with him?” said my aunt. “Why, if I were you,” said Mr. Dick, considering and looking vacantly at me, “I should wash him!” (Ch. D.)

50. Analyse the meaning of will and would and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. “When I say I’ll do a thing, I do it,” said Mr. Creakle; “and when I say I will have a thing done, I will have it done.” (Ch. D.) 2. “My dear Master Copperfield,” said Mrs. Micawber, “you can render me another kind of service, if you will; and a service I will thankfully accept of.” (Ch. D.) 3. “... I can’t do what you ask, Arthur, but I will do what I can, I will arrange your escape.” “...Padre, wake up, and we will begin our life again!” (V.) 4. Cokane. We’ll leave in the morn­ing, and do Mainz and Frankfurt. Trench. All right. You look out the trains, will you? (B. Sh.) 5. Trench. I won’t have the relations between Miss Sartorius and myself made part of a bargain. (B. Sh.) 6. Jip showed his whole set of teeth, got under a chair, and would not hear of the least familiarity. He wouldn’t let me touch him, when I tried. (Ch. D.) 7. I had my own old mug with “David” on it, and my own old fork and knife that wouldn’t cut. (Ch. D.) 8. I was at liberty to do what I would, for three weeks or a month. 9. “Would you like to hear the petition read?” asked the captain. He would have read it twenty thousand times, if twenty thousand people would have heard him, one by one. (Ch. D.) 10. “I think you are wrong, Uriah,” I said. “I dare say there are several things that I could teach you, if you would like to learn them.” (Ch. D.) 11. What would I have given to have been sent to the hardest school that ever was kept! – to have been taught something, anyhow, anywhere! (Ch. D.)

51. Compare the meaning and use of the modal verbs shall and will.

1. Sartorius. I am resolved that my daughter shall approach no circle in which she will not be received with the full consideration to which her education and her breeding entitle her. (B. Sh.) 2. Sartorius. And now, Dr. Trench, since you have acted handsomely you shall have no cause to complain of me. There shall be no difficulties about money: you shall entertain as much as you please. I will guarantee all that. (B. Sh.) 3. I will take care that it shall be all right. 4. I will call him to account, he shall pay dearly for this affront. (B. Sh.) 5. My boy shall not be worried, I will protect him. 6. “Come! I know what you mean,” cried Mr. Wickfield, “you may pay for David if you like, Miss Trotwood. We won’t be hard about terms but you shall pay if you will.” (Ch. D.)

52. Fill in the blanks with shall or will in the correct form.

1. “No harm ... be done to your child. I ... see to it,” the doctor tried to soothe the mother. 2. If you ... not take any steps you ... never get rid of the malady. 3. May I go on with the work or ... I wait for further instructions? 4. He ... sit for hours reading, paying no attention to what was going on around him. 5. ... I help you with the work or will you manage it yourself? 6. Don’t worry, everything ... be arranged as you want, I promise you. 7. We tried to persuade him, but he ... not listen to our arguments. 8. We waited for two hours, but the rain ... not stop. 9. I wish to ask a few questions, and shall be very much obliged if you ... answer them. 10. But remember this: what I can’t have, no one else ... . Do you understand? No one else! 11. Trench. I’ve a good mind never to speak to you again. Blanche. You ... not — not ever. I ... take care of that. (B. Sh.) 12. He ... always say some­thing which makes us laugh. 13. He put the money in his pocket, and kindly told me not to make myself uneasy; he ... take care it ... be all right. (Ch. D.)

53. Analyse the verbs should and would. State whether they are auxiliary or modal.

1. I had two Indian girls to teach. Their parents were old-fashioned and would not send them to school. (P. A.) 2. “I do wish,” June cried, “Uncle Timothy wouldn’t talk about what doesn’t concern him!” (Glsw.) 3. Old Jolyon would sit for long spells brooding, his paper unread, a cigar between his lips. (Glsw.) 4. It is really quite a coincidence that Traddles should be here at all. (Ch. D.) 5. Peggotty was resolved that it should be quietly done. (Ch. D.) 6. Blanche. I’m quite well, and I will not go abroad. Why will you bother me so about my health? (B. Sh.) 7. During my recital, she kept her eyes on Mr. Dick, who, I thought, would have gone to sleep but for that.... (Ch. D.) 8. I didn’t like him or his deep voice, and I was jealous that his hand should touch my moth­er’s in touching me, which it did. (Ch. D.) 9. “Then, you see, Clara,” returns Miss Murdstone, “you should just give him the book back, and make him know it.” (Ch. D.) 10. As she would not hear of staying to dinner lest she should by any chance fail to arrive at home before dark, some lunch was provided for her there. (Ch. D.) 11. If you would come and see us any afternoon and take a cup of tea at our dwelling, mother would be as proud of your company as I should be. 12. I told him humbly that I wanted money, and that nothing else was of any use to me, but that I would wait for it, as he desired, outside, and had no wish to hurry him. 13. By-the-by, I should hardly have thought before, that he could wink. 14. Here I sit at the desk again ... my head is as heavy as so much lead. I would give the world to go to sleep. 15. She told me that everything would be arranged for me by Mr. Wickfield, and that I should want for nothing. (Ch. D.)