2. 2. Translate the sentences

1. She is said to be a good interpreter. 2. Ms. Ivanova is known to be a good translator. 3. She is considered to be one of the best specialists in her field. 4. He is said to have spent a number of years studying the history of English literature. 5. The teacher is expected to help the students with the translation of the difficult places of the text. 6. They are believed to be good friends. 7. The Earth is likely to get hotter. 8. I'm supposed to speak English with my guests. 9. The letter is unlikely to reach him in time. 10. The river Thames is known to divide the city into two parts. 11. My watch is likely to be five minutes fast. 12. This river is believed to be suitable for navigation. 13. They are likely to come here. 14. The plane is sure to be the quickest means of transport. 15. Lasers are known to have found application in medicine. 16. The crew is reported to have carried out a great deal of scientific experiments.

B. 3. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verb TO BE

1. This machine is suitable for lifting things. 2. In the Metro people are carried up and down by escalators. 3. What is the exact size of the room? 4. The appearance of our town is changing. 5. They were to erect this bridge 3 years ago. 6. The acid shouldn't be diluted. 7. Gas pipelines, metal structures, the bodies of atomic reactors and ships have been reliably protected against corrosion. 8. It was a picturesque landscape. 9. The city is 1,000 metres above the sea level. 10. The material should be subjected to special treatment. 11. The quantity of water in concrete (бетон) must be carefully controlled. 12. Methods of achieving and the end results of various finishing methods are illustrated below.

C. 1. Read the text CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AND UNINTENTIONAL INJURY EVENTS and answer the following questions:

1. How is an accident defined?

2. What’s the difference between accidents and hazards?

3. How are hazards classified?

Use of the term “safety” in relationship to events causing unintentional injury leads to the concept of accidents. An accident is unintentional event. An accident is an occurrence that disrupts the flow of normal interactions and relationships which usually produces unintended injury, death, or property damage. Cause of such a disruption may be the result of the action or inaction of individuals; the action of animals or nature. Many people associate accidents exclusively with injury or damage and this seems to be a fairly recent tendency. 'An accident is an unplanned event which has a probability of causing personal injury or property damage'.

It is an axiom of accident prevention that all accidents have causes and a further act of faith that the great majority, perhaps 99%, are preventable. The direct cause of a preventable accident could be human error or some unsafe condition - mechanical, physical, chemical or environmental. The cause of the unsafe condition, i.e. the underlying cause of the accident is again usually human error or ignorance.

The causes of accidents generally remain latent for some time before an accident occurs. These latent or potential causes are hazards. A hazard is a condition with the potential of causing injury or damage.

Hazards are sometimes referred to almost synonymously with accident causes, and with the same subdivisions. But a clear distinction should be made. A hazard can exist without an accident whereas an accident cause without an accident is an absurdity.

If an accident caused by one or more hazards sets in train a second accident, the first accident is a sequential hazard. The gas explosion in a flat at Ronan Point, for example, not only blew out a wall panel of the flat but triggered a progressive collapse of the wall panels above and below it. The explosion which blew out the first wall panel was a sequential hazard. Some would identify the primary hazard as the method of tower block construction then in use, some as the gas leak, some as faulty plumbing and others as the use of gas in high rise flats. The primary hazard thus depends on our perception of causes and evaluation of effects.

Hazard recognition, diagnosis and elimination are essential to any successful safety programme. When considering matters relating to injury prevention, it is necessary to examine the various causes of unintentional injury events. Usually there is no one single factor that can be identified as the sole cause of a specific unintentional injury event. Rather there are numerous interrelated factors involved. These may be identified as human factors, mechanical factors and environmental factors.

D. 1. Agree or disagree with the following statesments using the information from the text.

• An accident is unintentional event. All accidents have causes.

• Hazard is almost synonymous with accident.

• The primary hazard depends on our perception of causes and evaluation of effects.

• It is necessary to examine the various causes of unintentional injury events.

B. 4. Translate the sentences with the verb TO BE

1. They were to measure the depth of the river. 2. The wind was rising. 3. If you need a dictionary it is on the upper shelf. 4. The expedition was supplied with all the necessary equipment. 5. New models of electronic equipment are continuously introduced at the plant. 6. The house is well placed, not far from the river. 7. This manufacturing process, as mentioned previously, is becoming widely used. 8. It was a dangerous undertaking. 9. The favourable conditions were obtained very quickly. 10. Preparation of the diamonds artificially is a very interesting problem. 11. It is getting dark gradually. 12. He is working on the design of a new machine. 13. There is a narrow space between the buildings.

B. 5. Translate the sentences

1. It would be impossible to protect metals from corrosion without the films. 2. The application of digital computers should include all forms of automatic control in science and industry. 3. If it were possible to live on the moon, people would be able to jump about six metres as high as they could on earth. 4. If the sun got its energy from ordinary chemical processes, such as the burning of coal and oil, it would not last for more than several thousand years. 5. These machines should be handled with great care. 6. You should increase the width of the bridge. 7. You should acquire certain skills before beginning this work. 8. It would be impossible to meet all the difficulties without this new method. 9. It is desirable that these materials should be used for decoration only. 10. The development of new materials doesn't mean that old materials should lose their significance.

B. 6. Translate the sentences

1. During a year almost 200 million tons of metal objects are considered to be destroyed by corrosion. 2. The development of science and technology is known to be the most important source of steady growth of the people's well-being. 3. Our country is known to possess rich mineral resources. 4. Silicon is known to be the basic material for electronic industry. 5. The importance of chemistry for all sciences is known to be growing rapidly. 6. Every form of energy production seems to cause some damage to the surroundings. 7. Reconstruction of those plants was supposed to take a year. 8. The electrification work is expected to be completed in June. 9. This method proves to be useful. 10. He seems not to understand the importance of this event. 11. They are certain to come to Moscow.