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Grammar Note:

PAST SIMPLE

V2

PAST CONTINUOUS

past form of 'be' + V-ing

Affirmative

regular verbs: I worked,

they asked

irregular verbs: he spoke

I was speaking we were speaking you were speaking they were speaking he / she / it was speaking

Negative

I didn’t (did not) work

they didn’t ask

he didn’t speak

I wasn’t speaking we weren’t speaking you weren’t speaking they weren’t speaking he / she / it wasn’t speaking

Interrogative

Did I work?

Did they ask?

Did he speak?

Was I speaking? Were we speaking? Were you speaking? Were they speaking? Was he / she / it speaking?

USE

- finished actions in the past:

Did you study English at school? I read that book last week.

- sequence of finished actions in the past: I woke up, had breakfast and went to school.

- a past activity in progress:

I was writing a letter at 10 o’clock in the morning.

- a background action: I met my friend when I was going to work.

last week (month, etc.), 2 days ago, in 2003, yesterday

this time yesterday, from 6 till 7 p.m., when, while, the whole morning

NOTES: Spelling in Past Simple

- when the final letter is e, add only d

e.g. love - loved

- after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

e.g. admit - admitted

- after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)

e.g. worry – worried, but: play – played

1. A) Look at the words in the box. What do you think the text is about?

a herd of elephants, bees, chocolate cake, Cape Town, litres, border, temperature, the Egyptian military, illness, a cobra, pasta

b) Now read the text.

Heat, cold, mountains, deserts, illness, and animals. All of these were possible dangers when Nick Bourne decided to run from one end of Africa to the other - a journey that many people thought was impossible.

Bourne began his run in northern Egypt in October 1997. His adventure nearly ended 500 miles later while he was waiting to cross the Sudanese border the Egyptian military stopped him and refused to let him leave the country.

Eventually, he flew to Cape Town and started again on 21 January 1998. Every day he got up at 3.30 a.m., ate a breakfast of cereal, and started running. After 20 miles he stopped for a rest and had a pasta lunch, before running another 20 miles. He drank up to 15 litres of liquid a day.

He had some incredible experiences. He was crossing the Kalahari Desert in temperatures of 62°C when he came face to face with a giant cobra. In Zambia his heartbeat went up from 135 a minute to over 190, and his doctor found that he had malaria. He saw lions and ran through a herd of elephants, and a swarm of bees attacked him while he was running through Tanzania. He celebrated his 28th birthday with a chocolate cake in the shadow of Kilimanjaro.

After eleven months and 6,021 miles he arrived at the Pyramids and finished perhaps the most amazing run ever.