2.Make up the vocabulary to the topic “Muscles”. Find the English equivalents of the given words.

1. способный на что-либо

2. превращать энергию в движение

3. быть живым

4. первоначальный размер

5. расслабляться автоматически

6. «потянуть» мышцу

7. порвать связку

8. сломать кость

9. стенки внутренних органов

10. контролировать движение

3.Write out all the actions from the text which you couldn’t do without muscles

I couldn’t speak / …

4. Fill in the table according to the types of muscles

Smooth muscles	Striated muscles	Cardiac muscles
…	…	…

1. They are special fibrous tissues of the body.

2. They are involuntary muscles.

3. They are voluntary muscles.

4. They are attached to bones by tendons.

5. They make up the walls of the internal organs.

6. They manipulate the bones of the skeleton.

7. They control the contractions of the heart.

8. They contract and relax automatically inside your body.

9. You can move these muscles when you want.

10. They turn energy into motion.

11. These muscles work in pairs: when one contracts, the other relaxes.

12. These muscles make up the heart.

5.Speak about muscles.

TOPIC 10. BLOOD AND ITS ELEMENTS

1. Fill in the gaps with the missing remarks

Teacher: Good day. Nice to see you.

Student: …

Teacher: I wonder, are your mother and father medical workers?

Student: …

Teacher: As you know, there are families whose members have been medical workers for

generations. People say in this case «it runs in the blood». Let’s see what runs in the

blood.

2. Study the new words.

1. fluid connective tissue – жидкая соединительная ткань

2. cellular elements – клеточные элементы

3. platelets – пластинки

4. nucleus – ядро

5. lobe – доля

6. life span – продолжительность жизни

7. pierce the skin – прокалывать кожу

8. wound – рана

9. engulf the bacteria – поглощать бактерии

10. features – свойства

11. flexibility – гибкость

12. substance – вещество

3.Read the text. Pay attention to the new words for better understanding.

Blood and its elements

Blood is a fluid connective tissuewith many various functions. Many important physiological process take place in the blood. It also determines the activity of separated body cells.

Blood is composed of plasma and the cellular elements. They are red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets (thrombocytes).

About 65 per cent of all white cells are leukocytes. Their protoplasm contains granules. One characteristic of leukocytes is the lobed appearance of the nucleus. The number of lobes is thought to be an index to the cell’s age. About 45 per cent of all leukocytes have a nucleus of three lobes. The life span of a leucocyte is short, from 4 to 12 days.

The function of leukocytes is to protect against infection. After the skin is pierced and the wound becomes infected, leukocytes from all the body are attracted to this place. Arriving at the wound, they leave the blood stream. They engulf the bacteria within their own protoplasm. This process is called phagocytosis.

Erythrocytes are the most numerous cellular elements. Red corpuscles have two physical features which are very important in the function of respiration. They have great elasticity and flexibility. These features give them the possibility to pass through very small capillaries. The most important part of the red cell is its red substance or hemoglobin.

The average human blood volume is not less than 7.5% but not more than 10% of the body weight.