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8.C. G. Chappell, C. S. Creaser and M. J. Shepherd, ‘On-line high performance liquid chromatography – multidimensional gas chromatography and its application to the determination of stilbene hormones in corned beef’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 16: 479 – 482 (1993).

9.J. V. Posluszny and R. Weinberger, ‘Determination of drug substances in biological fluids by direct injection multidimensional liquid chromatography with a micellar cleanup and reversed-phase chromatography’, Anal. Chem. 60: 1953 – 1958 (1988).

10.J. V. Posluszny, R. Weinberger and E. Woolf, ‘Optimization of multidimensional highperformance liquid chromatography for the determination of drugs in plasma by direct injection, micellar cleanup and photodiode array detection’, J. Chromatogr. 507: 267 – 276 (1990).

11.S. Carda-Broch, I. Rapado-Martinez, J. Esteve-Romero and M. C. Garcia-Alvarez- Coque, ‘Analysis of urine samples containing cardiovascular drugs by micellar liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection’, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 37: 93 – 102 (1999).

12.D. A. Stopher and R. Gage, ‘Determination of a new antifungal agent, voriconazole, by multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography with direct plasma injection onto a size exclusion column’, J. Chromatogr. 691: 441 – 448 (1997).

13.R. A. Earley and L. P. Tini, ‘Versatile multidimensional chromatographic system for drug discovery as exemplified by the analysis of a non-peptidic inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase’, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 19: 2527 – 2540 (1996).

14.S. J. Choi, C. K. Jeong, H. M. Lee, K. Kim, K. S. Do and H. S. Lee, ‘Simultaneous determination of ursodeoxycholic acid and its glycine-conjugate in serum as phenacyl esters using multidimensional liquid chromatography’, Chromatographia 50: 96 – 100 (1999).

15.A. J. Szuna and R. W. Blain, ‘Determination of a new antibacterial agent (Ro 23-9424) by multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and direct plasma injection’, J. Chromatogr. 620: 211 – 216 (1993).

16.T. E. Mulligan, R. W. Blain, N. F. Oldfield and B. A. Mico, ‘The analysis of Ro 24-4736 in human plasma by multidimensional reversed phase microbore HPLC/UV’, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 17: 133 – 150 (1994).

17.M. Heil, F. Podebrad, T. Beck, A. Mosandl, A. C. Sewell and H. Böhles, ‘Enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of urinary organic acids’, J. Chromatogr. 714: 119 – 126 (1998).

18.F. Podebrad, M. Heil, S. Leib, B. Geier, T. Beck, A. Mosandl, A. C. Sewell and H. Böhles, ‘Analytical approach in diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases: maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) – simultaneous analysis of metabolites in urine by enantioselective multidimensional capillary gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (enantioMDGC – MS)’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20: 355 – 362(1997).

19.A. Kaunzinger, M. Thomsen, A. Dietrich and A. Mosandl, ‘Stereodifferentiation and simultaneous analysis of 2- and 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids from biomembranes by multidimensional gas chromatography’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 18: 191 – 193 (1995).

20.H.-J. De Geus, R. Baycan-Keller, M. Oehme, J. de Boer and U. A. Th Brinkman, ‘Determination of enantiomer ratios of bornane congeners in biological samples using heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 21: 39 – 46 (1998).

21.A. Glausch, J. Hahn and V. Schurig, ‘Enantioselective determination of chiral 2,2 ,3,3 ,4,6-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132), ‘in human milk samples by multidimensional gas chromatography/electron capture detection and by mass spectrometry’, Chemosphere 30: 2079 – 2085 (1995).

22.A. Jayatilaka and C. F. Poole, ‘Identification of petroleum distillates from fire debris using multidimensional gas chromatography’, Chromatographia 39: 200 – 209 (1994).

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23.N. Ragunathan, K. A. Krock and C. L. Wilkins, ‘Multidimensional gas chromatography with parallel cryogenic traps’, Anal. Chem. 65: 1012 – 1016 (1993).

24.M. J. Tomlinson and C. L. Wilkins, ‘Evaluation of a semi-automated multidimensional gas chromatography – infared – mass spectrometry system for irritant analysis’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 21: 347 – 354 (1998).

25.K. Grob Jr., G. Grob and K. Grob, ‘Comprehensive quality test for glass capillary columns’, J. Chromatogr. 156: 1 – 20 (1978).

26.N. Rugunathan, K. A. Krock, C. Klawun, T. A. Sasaki and C. L. Wilkins, ‘Multispectral detection for gas chromatography’, J. Chromatogr. 703: 335 – 382 (1995).

27.K. A. Krock, N. Ragunathan, C. Klawun, T. Sasaki and C. L. Wilkins, ‘Multidimensional

gas chromatography – infrared spectrometry – mass spectrometry’, Analyst 119: 483 – 489 (1994).

28.D. Juchelka, T. Beck, U. Hener, F. Dettmar and A. Mosandl, ‘Multidimensional gas chromatography coupled on-line with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (MDGC – IRMS): progress in the analytical authentication of genuine flavor components’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 21: 145 – 151 (1998).

29.S. Nitz, B. Weinreich and F. Drawert, ‘Multidimensional gas chromatography – isotope ratio mass spectrometry (MDGC-IRMS). Part A: system description and technical requirements’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 15: 387 – 391 (1992).

30.A. Mosandl, U. Hener, U. Hagenauer-Hener and A. Kustermann, ‘Direct enantiomer separation of chiral -lactones from food and beverages by multidimensional gas chromatography’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 12: 532 – 536 (1989).

31.G. Schomburg, ‘Practical limitations of capillary gas chromatography’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 2: 461 – 474 (1979).

32.Z. Liu and J. B. Phillips, ‘Sample introduction into a 5 m i.d. capillary gas chromatography column using an on-column thermal desorption modulator’, J. Microcolumn Sep. 1: 159 – 162 (1989).

33.Z. Liu and J. B. Phillips, ‘High-speed gas chromatography using an on-column thermal desorption modulator’, J. Microcolumn Sep. 1: 249 – 256 (1989).

34.Z. Liu and J. B. Phillips, ‘Large-volume sample introduction into narrow-bore gas chro-

matography columns using thermal desorption modulation and signal averaging’,

J. Microcolumn Sep. 2: 33 – 40 (1990).

35.Z. Liu and J. B. Phillips, ‘Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using an on-column thermal modulator interface’, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 29: 227 – 231 (1991).

36.G. S. Frysinger and R. B. Gaines, ‘Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, (GC GC/MS) applied to the analysis of petroleum’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22: 251 – 255 (1999).

37.J. Blomberg, P. J. Schoenmakers, J. Beens and R. Tijssen, ‘Comprehensive two-dimen- sional gas chromatography, (GC GC) and its applicability to the characterization of complex, (petrochemical), “mixtures” ’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20: 539 – 544 (1997).

38.G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, ‘Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC GC)’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22: 195 – 200 (1999).

39.R. B. Gaines, G. S. Frysinger, M. S. Hendrick-Smith and J. D. Stuart, ‘Oil spill source identification by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography’, Env. Sci. Technol. 33: 2106 – 2112 (1999).

40.Z. Liu, S. R. Sirimanne, D. G. Patterson-Jr, L. L. Needham and J. B. Phillips, ‘Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and

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determination of pesticides extracted from human serum’, Anal. Chem. 66: 3086 – 3092 (1994).

41.J. Pawliszyn, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (1999).

42.J. Pawliszyn, Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice, Wiley-VCH, New York (1997).

43.R. B. Gaines, E. B. Ledford-Jr and J. D. Stuart, ‘Analysis of water samples for trace levels of oxygenated and aromatic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography’, J. Microcolumn Sep. 10: 597 – 604 (1998).

44.L. T. Taylor, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1996).

45.J. Pawliszyn, ‘Kinetic model for supercritical fluid extraction’, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 31: 31 – 37 (1992).

46.G. C. Slack, H. M. McNair, S. B. Hawthorne and D. J. Miller, ‘Coupled solid phase

extraction – supercritical fluid extraction – on-line gas chromatography of explosives from water’, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 16: 473 – 478 (1993).