Учебное пособие Английский для бакалавров. Часть 2

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

They are: (1) the path of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus; (2) a line from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time periods; and (3) the square of an orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun.

Kepler spent the latter part of his life as a professor of mathematics at Linz, Austria. He died in Regensburg, Bavaria, on November 15, 1630.

VI. Render in English.

НА ОРБИТЕ - БРИТАНСКАЯ ЛЕДИ

Ïроводить в полет Õелен и ее российских коллег нà космодром Áàйконур прилетели ее отец, брàт и сестрà, à тàкже многочисленные гости из Àнглии.

Õелен Øàрмàн - технолог известной шоколàдной компàнии "Ìàрс". Åй 28 лет, незàмужем. Îнà и ее дублер Òимоти Ìейс были отобрàны из 13 тысяч кàндидàтов нà космический полет.

Ïуть в космос не был усыпàн розàми. Â прогрàмму полетà было включено десять экспериментов: проблемы ростà рàстений в

невесомости, природоведческие и экологические нàблюдения и т. д. Õелен Øàрмàн производит впечàтление очень спокойного, уверенного в себе человекà.

Ïрàвительство Âеликобритàнии, поддержàв проект полетà àнглийского космонàвтà нà борту российского корàбля, не выделило ни одного фунтà стерлингов нà его подготовку.

Ìечтà Õелен и ее товàрищà, мàйорà àнглийских ÂÂÑ Òимоти Ìейсà окàзàлàсь под угрозой. "Ýтот полет считàйте нàшим приглàшением к междунàродному сотрудничеству в освоении космосà", - скàзàл нàчàльник Öентрà подготовки космонàвтов Â. Øàтàлов.

Âеликобритàния стàлà 23-й стрàной, предстàвители которой побывàли в космосе.

CONVERSATION

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

========================= VOCABULARY ===================

Geographical Position and Physical Features

total area	общàя площàдь
to occupy	зàнимàть

109

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

to stretch from … to …			протянуться от … до …
to be washed by			омывàться (чем-либо)
to border on			грàничить с (чем-либо)
to vary from smth. to smth.			вàрьировàть, изменяться от чего-
			либо до чего-либо
a desert			пустыня
a valley			долинà
a mountain chain			горнàя цепь
pure			чистый
to be rich in smth.			быть богàтым чем-либо
natural	and	mineral	природные ресурсы	и полезные
resources			ископàемые
a deposit of smth.			месторождение чего-либо
oil			нефть
lead			свинец
iron			железо
non-ferrous metals			цветные метàллы
the current population			нàселение в нàстоящий момент
to be densely peopled			быть густонàселенным
outskirts			пригороды
to be engaged in agriculture			быть зàнятым в сельском хозяйстве
to produce grain			производить зерно
a dairy product			молочный продукт
		State system
to be set up by smth.			быть учрежденным,	основàнным в
			соответствии с чем-либо
under the Constitution			в соответствии с конституцией
a presidential republic			президентскàя республикà
the federal government			федерàльное прàвительство
a branch			ветвь (влàсти)
legislative			зàконодàтельный
executive			исполнительный
judicial			судебный
to be checked by smb.			контролировàться кем-либо
to be balanced by smb.			бàлàнсировàться, урàвновешивàться
			кем-либо
to be vested in			осуществляться кем-либо
the Federal Assembly			федерàльное собрàние
a chamber			пàлàтà
the Council of Federation			совет Ôедерàции
to be headed by the Speaker			возглàвляться спикером
to initiate a legislature			внести зàконопроект

110

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

to approve a bill	одобрить (принять) зàконопроект
to be signed by smb.	быть подписàнным кем-либо
to veto the bill	нàложить вето нà зàконопроект
commander-in-chief	глàвнокомàндующий
the armed forces	вооруженные силы
to make a treaty	зàключить договор
to enforce the law	проводить зàкон в жизнь
to appoint a minister	нàзнàчить министрà
the Prime Minister	премьер-министр
on appointment	после нàзнàчения
to form the Cabinet	сформировàть кàбинет
to be represented by smb.	быть предстàвленным кем-либо
the Constitutional Court	конституционный суд
the Supreme Court	верховный суд
a regional court	регионàльный суд
to be elected by popular vote	быть	избрàнным	всенàродным
	голосовàнием
a banner	знàмя
a hymn	гимн
a nation emblem	нàционàльный герб
to originate from smth.	происходить от чего-либо
the heraldic emblem of the	родовой герб Ðюриковичей
Ruricovitches

I. Learn the words. Mind their usage in the sentences:

border on - грàничить с

Russia borders on many countries.

native – родной

Our native country is the Russian Federation.

occupy – зàнимàть

Our country occupies half of Europe and a third of Asia.

cover - покрывàть, охвàтывàть, покрытие

Forests cover large areas in the East and North of our country.

stretch - простирàться

Russia stretches from the Baltic and Black seas in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the East.

island - остров

111

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

Island Sakhalin is very far from Moscow.

vary - меняться, вàрьировàть, рàзличàться

The climate in Russia varies from arctic to continental and subtropical.

II. Complete the sentences

1.Taiga /простирàется/ for many hundreds of kilometers. 2. The climate varies in /рàзличных/ parts of our country. 3. Moscow is /столицà/ of our country. 4. Numerous canals /соединяют/ all the rives in the European part of Russia. 5. Southern Russia /покрытà/ with mixed forest-steppe. 6. Russia is one of the leading /держàв/ in the world.

III. Fill in the blanks with the superlative degree of comparison.

1.Lake Baikal is … lake in the world. (deep).

2.The Volga is … river in Europe. (long).

3.The Russian Federation is … country in the world. (large).

4.The Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena are … rivers in Asia. (large).

5.Russia has … oil and natural gas resources. (rich).

6.The water in lake Baikal is … on earth. (pure).

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific. The seas are: the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and others.

Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the southeast, Finland and Norway in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and so on.

The federation comprises 21 republics.

The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on earth, its depth is of 1600 meters.

The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south.

Russia is a highly-industrialized-agrarian republic. Its vast mineral resources include oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metals. Russia has the world’s largest oil and natural gas resources.

112

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

Three-quarters of the republic’s mineral wealth is concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.

Approximately 10 million people are engaged in agriculture and they produce half of the region’s grain, meat, milk and other dairy products.

The current population of Russia is more than 150 million people. The European part of the country is densely peopled, and most population live in cities and towns and their outskirts.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people.

Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world.

IV. Read the text ‘The Russian Federation’ and answer the questions:

1.What territory does Russia occupy?

2.What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?

3.What countries does Russia border on?

4.What are the main mountain chains, rivers and lakes in Russia?

5.How can you characterize Russia’s climate?

6.What mineral resources does Russia possess?

7.What industries are developed in Russia?

8.What is the population in Russia?

V. Make sure you can translate the following text both ways – from English

into Russian and vice versa.
What is the climate like in the		Êàкой же климàт в Ðоссийской
Russian Federation? It is difficult to		Ôедерàции? Òрудно ответить нà этот
answer this question. The country is		вопрос.		Ñтрàнà	очень		большàя,
very large, that is why there are all sorts		поэтому климàт рàзный в рàзличных
of weather in different regions. It is very		ее регионàх. Îчень холодно нà севере
cold in the north most of the year; and it		в течение всего годà и довольно
is rather warm in the south even in		тепло нà юге дàже зимой. Êупàльный
winter. The swimming season on the		сезон нà побережье ×ерного моря
Black Sea coast lasts from May to		продолжàется с мàя по ноябрь.
November.		Â	европейской			чàсти		стрàны
In the European part of the country		лето обычно довольно жàркое, небо
summers are quite hot, the sky is		безоблàчное, почти все время светит
cloudless, the sun shines most of the		солнце, хотя изредкà идут дожди.
time, although it rains once in a while.		Ïервàя	половинà		осени		довольно
The first half of autumn is rather warm,		теплàя. Ñ октября по мàрт холодно.
too. From October to March the weather		Çимой бывàют сильные морозы и
is cold. There are some very severe		много снегà.
frosts in winter, and there is a lot of		Â Ñибири зимà очень холоднàя,
snow.		привычны		суровые		морозы.		Îсень
In Siberia winter is quite cold, and		нàступàет		рàньше,	à	лето	—	позже,

113

		Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software
		http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.
severe frosts are common. Autumn		чем в европейской чàсти стрàны.
comes earlier and summer later than in		Êлимàт Ñибири континентàльный,
the European part of the country. The		поэтому лето сухое и жàркое, à зимà
climate of Siberia is continental, so		очень холоднàя.
there are dry, hot summers and very		Çимà в Ìоскве холоднее, чем в
cold winters.		Ëондоне. Â янвàре и феврàле всегдà
The winters in Moscow are colder		много снегà. Çимой очень ветрено.
than those in London. There is always a		Ñредняя темперàтурà в янвàре 10—11
lot of snow in January and in February.		грàдусов ниже нуля по Öельсию.
There is also a lot of wind in winter.		Çимà — хорошее время для зàнятия
The average temperature is 10 - 11		тàкими видàми спортa, кàк лыжи,
degrees Centigrade below zero in		хоккей, коньки.
January. Winter is a good time for such
sports as skiing, hockey and skating.
VI. Say in English.

1.Ðоссия рàсположенà в восточной чàсти Åвропы и северной чàсти Àзии.

2.Îбширнàя территория Ðоссии омывàется Ñеверным Ëедовитым, Àтлàнтическим и Òихим океàнàми.

3.Ðоссия грàничит с Ìонголией, Êитàем, Ôинляндией и другими стрàнàми.

4.Ðоссия рàсполàгàет большим количеством месторождений полезных ископàемых.

5.Ïолезные ископàемые Ðоссии включàют нефть, гàз, уголь, железо, золото и др.

VII. Speak about:

a)the geographical position of the Russian Federation;

b)the physical features of Russia;

c)the climate of Russia.

VIII. Read the text and answer the questions after it.

STATE SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993.

Under the Constitution Russia is a presidential republic. The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.

The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation; the Lower Chamber is the State Duma.

114

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two Chambers. But to become a law a bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.

The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces laws, appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.

The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet.

The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the regional courts.

The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for a fouryear period.

Today the state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolizes liberty.

A national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches. All these symbols are official. They have been approved by the Federal Assembly.

The questions to be answered:

1.What branches does the Government consist of?

2.What is the legislative power exercised by?

3.How is a law made?

4.What body does the executive power belong to?

5.What does the system of courts consist of?

6.What are the national symbols of Russia?

IX. Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F). Correct them if necessary.

1.The form of government in Russia is a monarchy.

2.The Head of State in Russia is the Queen.

3.The government consists of three branches.

4.The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers.

5.Each chamber of the Federal Assembly is headed by the President.

6.The members of the Federal Assembly are elected for 2 years.

7.The government is headed by the Prime Minister.

8.The judicial power belongs to the Prime Minister. X. Complete the sentences.

1.Russia is a __________ republic.

2.The Head of State in Russia is the __________.

3.The government consists of 3 branches: legislative, _________ and _______.

4.The _________ power is exercised by the Federal Assembly.

115

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

5.A bill becomes a law if it is approved by both _______ and _______ by the President.

6.The executive power belongs to _________.

7.The _________ power belongs to the system of courts.

XI. Study the diagram below. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

THE SYSTEM OF THE GOVERNMENT

OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

H E A D O F T H E S T A T E

THE PRESIDENT

elected for 4 years by direct popular vote

(over 35 years old; a citizen of Russia, a resident of the country for at least10 years)

LEGISLATIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE BRANCH

FEDERAL ASSEMBLY

the COUNCIL of FEDERATION	the STATE DUMA
two representatives from each	450 members elected for 4 years
subject of Federation

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

the GOVERNMENT of the RUSSIAN FEDERATION

the PRIME MINISTER		the CABINET
appointed by the President and	formed by the Prime minister
approved by the State Duma	and approved by the President
JUDICIAL BRANCH
the CONSTITUTIONAL the SUPREME		the ARBITRATION
COURT	COURT	COURT

all appointed by the Council of Federation

Answer the following questions:

1.How is the government in Russia organised?

2.Can you name the branches of government? Who is in each branch?

3.Do we have a president? A prime minister?

4.How is the President of the Russian Federation elected?

5.Who can be the president of our country?

6.What does the Federal Assembly consist of?

7.How many members are there in the State Duma?

8.How often do we re-elect the State Duma?

9.Who makes the Council of Federation?

10.What can you say about the structure of the executive branch? 11.Do we have any political parties in our country?

12.What parties do you know?

13.Does the party that wins the most seats in the State Duma choose the prime

116

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

minister?

14.What is the way of appointing the prime minister in our country? 15.Who forms the Cabinet of ministers?

16.What is the judicial branch represented by?

XII. Translate the following into English:

1.Ðоссийскàя Ôедерàция - это госудàрство, построенное нà федерàльной

основе.

2. соответствии с конституцией, принятой в 1993 году, госудàрственную влàсть в Ðоссийской Ôедерàции осуществляют Ïрезидент Ðоссийской Ôедерàции, Ôедерàльное Ñобрàние, Ïрàвительство Ðоссии и суды.

3.Êонституция гàрàнтирует основные прàвà и свободы кàждого.

4.Ïрезидентом может быть грàждàнин Ðоссийской Ôедерàции не моложе 35 лет, постоянно проживàющий в Ðоссии не менее 10 лет.

5.Ïрезидент нàзнàчàет премьер-министрà, который стàновится глàвой прàвительствà (кàбинетà министров).

6.Ïрезидент является Âерховным Ãлàвнокомàндующим Âооруженными силàми. Îн формирует и возглàвляет Ñовет Áезопàсности Ðоссийской Ôедерàции.

7.Ïрезидент облàдàет полномочиями нàзнàчàть выборы Ãосудàрственной Äумы, рàспускàть Äуму, вносить зàконопроекты нà рàссмотрение в Ãосдуму, подписывàть и обнàродовàть федерàльные зàконы.

8.Ôедерàльное Ñобрàние состоит из двух пàлàт - Ñоветà Ôедерàций и Ãосудàрственной Äумы.

9.Äепутàтом Ãосудàрственной Äумы может быть избрàн грàждàнин Ðоссии стàрше 21 годà.

10.Êàждый зàконопроект рàссмàтривàется Ãосдумой и стàновится зàконом после принятия его двумя третями депутàтов.

11.Ïрàвительство облàдàет полномочиями рàзрàбàтывàть федерàльный бюджет и обеспечивàет его исполнение.

12.Ìинистры прàвительствà несут ответственность зà проведение в жизнь финàнсовой политики.

13.Ñудебнàя влàсть предстàвленà Êонституционным Ñудом, Âерховным Ñудом и Àрбитрàжным Ñудом.

14.Êонституционный Ñуд решàет делà о соответствии Êонституции Ðоссийской Ôедерàции.

XIII. Complete the following in writing.

1. We have a population of around .................................				million, bigger than
................................. ,	but	smaller	than .................................	. To the north lies
................................, to	the	south is	................................; .................................	is to
the east and .................................		is to the west. The people in the north/west have a

117

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

reputation for being a bit.................................					, but in the south/east the people are
much more	.................................		.
2. .................................			is a (very) hilly / mountainous / flat country. The highest
mountain .................................	is			and	the	most important river is the
.................................		.	Another	important		feature		of	my country		is
................................. .		The climate is .................................					.	When you talk to people
about.................................			they tend to think of places like					.................................			and
.................................		which are very		.................................			. But there are also places
like ................................. .................................			and			which		are	.................................
and .................................			and well worth visiting.
3. The .................................main regions are						. Of these the most important is
................................. .................................		because				. The main cities are the capital
................................. .................................		and			.	If you could			only spend a day /
weekend .................................	/	week	in			I would			recommend		you
visit.................................			and go to .................................			. You should also make sure
you see ................................. .			And the .................................					is not to be missed! The
city I like best .................................is				because .......................................................							. I
was born .................................		in		and	my	mother and father come from
.................................		. The best place to go on				holiday	in .................................				is
.................................		,	because .................................			,		but	don't	go	in
.................................		as it gets very hot / crowded.
4. Our		main exports include ...............................................................................
..................................		is	/ are grown in		..................................................................
.................................		is / are produced in ..............................................................								.
5. Ask people the name of a famous .................................									and they'll probably
say .................................			, but we also have .................................						who is / was famous
for ...............................			. The	thing	my country		is	most famous		for	is
...............................		. The thing I am most proud of in my country is
............................... .

XIV. Describe your own country. Answer these questions as fully as you can:

1.What is the population of your country?

2.What sort of place is it - hilly? mountainous? flat? lots of lakes?

3.Are the different regions very different from each other?

4.What are the four major cities?

5.Why are they important?

6.What are the main industries?

7.What about exports?

8.What is your country most famous for?

118