Exercises

I. Learn the following words, groups of words. Translate the sentences.

1. as well as — так же как. Steel as well as iron are mag­netic materials.

2. at rest — в покое. A body at rest possesses potential energy.

3. behaviour — поведение; режим (работы). We ob­served the behaviour of gas molecules.

4. charge — заряд. What kinds of charges do you know?

5. condition — условие; состояние. Some substances change greatly under certain conditions. An object is in static condition when it does not move.

6. to control — управлять, контролировать. Students learn to control various machines.

7. copper — медь. Copper is a valuable metal.

8. to flow —течь. The electrons flow along a conductor.

9. in motion—в движении. The molecules are always in motion.

10. negative — отрицательный. He gave a negative answer.

11. opposite — противоположный. These two objects move in the opposite direction.

12. positive — положительный. A battery has a posi­tive and a negative pole.

13. previously — заранее, предварительно. The temperature of the liquid was previously measured.

14. to remember — помнить, вспоминать. You must re­member the new words.

15. the rest of — остаток; остальной. Some students of our group stayed in Moscow, the rest of them went to the country.

16. to travel — путешествовать. It is interesting to travel in summer.

17. to try — пытаться; испытывать. I shall try to solve this problem. It is necessary to try this instrument several times.

18. unlike — разноименный. A battery has unlike poles.

II. Learn to recognize the following international words.

static, voltage, control, contact, salt, disc, zinc, biog­raphy, lecture, civilization, vacuum, practical, crane, pyrometer

III. Translate the following groups of words.

negative pole, to control industrial processes, the rest of the book, hard conditions, unlike charges

в покое, управлять электрическим током, так же как, положительные заряды, противоположные полюса

IV. For the words given in (a) find the Russian equivalents in (b).

a) 1. instrument; 2. liquid; 3. means; 4. mercury; 5. purpose; 6. difference; 7. law; 8. matter; 9. heat; 10. light; 11. opposite; 12. condition; 13. flow; 14. behaviour; 15. charge

b) 1. разница, разность; 2. вещество; 3. состояние, условие; 4. заряд; 5. поток; 6. жидкость; 7. ртуть; 8. про­тивоположный; 9. закон; 10. средство; 11. тепло; 12. цель; 13. поведение; 14. прибор; 15. свет

V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the word in bold type.

1. The students carried out an experiment looking at the thermometer from time to time. 2. The cinema was invented before my time. 3. It is high time to begin work. 4. Four times three is twelve. 5. "Am I late?" — "No, you are just in time." 6. "What is the time?" — "It's dinner time." 7. The students went to the club and had a good time there. 8. It took a long time before people learned to split the atom. 9. I shall be back in no time. 10. For a long time people did not know that lightning and atmospher­ic electricity are one and the same thing. 11. Lomonosov lectured at the university and at the same time he worked in different fields of science. 12. I work in the laboratory two times a week.

VI. Give antonyms for the following words.

north, pole, dark, on the one hand, small, arrangement, larger, magnetized, unfamiliar, like, positive, similar, to rest, in motion

VII. Answer the following questions.

1. What types of electricity do you know? 2. What is the difference between electricity at rest and electricity in motion? 3. What kind of experiments did Galvani carry on? 4. What did Franklin prove? 5. What are the two kinds of electrical charges? 6. Who was the first to produce a continuous current? 7. What was Volta? 8. What can you say about the behaviour of static charges? 9. What did Volta's discovery result in? 10. What did Volta's device consist of? 11. Where did he spend the rest of his life?

VIII. Retell Volta's biography.

IX. Make up the annotation of the text and retell it.