Exercises

I. Learn the following words, groups of words. Translate the sentences.

1. armature —якорь. The armature is a part of a gener­ator.

2. to calculate — рассчитывать, вычислять. If you know Ohm's law you can calculate the circuit.

3. compared with — по сравнению с. A ton of ura­nium can give much more energy compared with a ton of coal.

4. to equip — оборудовать. Our laboratory is equipped with reliable instruments.

5. to install — устанавливать, монтировать. A new powerful generator was installed at the power plant.

6. to operate — работать, действовать. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

7. rated capacity — номинальная мощность. This power plant has reached its rated capacity.

8. revolutions per minute — оборотов в минуту. How many revolutions per minute does this steam turbine make?

9. to rotate — вращать(ся). Water rotates the turbines at the hydropower stations.

10. scale — масштаб; шкала. Measuring instruments are produced on a large scale in Russia. The Centigrade scale is not used in Great Britain.

11. speed — скорость. Gas turbines rotate with great speed.

12. stationary — неподвижный, стационарный. No cur­rent is generated while the magnet is stationary.

13. the former — первый из упомянутых; the latter — последний из упомянутых. There are two kinds of current: a.с. and d. с. The former changes its direction, the latter does not.

14. steam power plant— тепловая электростанция. Steam power plants operate on gas and coal.

15. winding — обмотка. Faraday's coil consisted of eight windings of copper wire.

II. Learn to recognize the following international words.

solenoid, shunt, electrification, dynamo, primitive, rotor, kilowatt, electromagnet, apparatus, industry, plan, elementary

III. Translate the following groups of words.

compared with the results, to install the turbine, to equip with reliable installations, stationary equipment, rotor windings, 5,000 revolutions per minute

увеличивать скорость, номинальная мощность мо­тора, тепловая электростанция, первый из упомяну­тых, последний из упомянутых, в большом масштабе

IV. Read the following abbreviations and give their full forms.

i.e., a.c., d.c., r.p.m., e.m.f., m.m.f., 317°F, 45°C, etc.

V. Translate the following sentences.

1. There is a great number of engineering problems the Russian scientists work at. 2. It is quite impossible to name a scientific problem M.V. Lomonosov did not turn his attention to. 3. There are many electric appliances we cannot do without. 4. The experiment I told you about will take much time. 5. The direction the needle points in changed several times. 6. The speed a given molecule travels with is greatly increased when a gas is heated.

VI. Form adjectives using the suffixes -able, -full, -less, -ous.

control, continue, danger, value, replace, need, power, peace, use, life, change, desire, vary

VII. Form adverbs using the suffix -ly and translate them.

exact, electrical, general, gradual, negative, natural, opposite, previous, usual, easy, hard, late

VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the construc­tion the former ... the latter.

1. There are two kinds of current: a.с. and d.c. The former changes its direction, the latter does not. 2. I have two friends, Nick and Pete. The former studies at the uni­versity, the latter works at the factory. 3. He has a book on electrical engineering and a book on nuclear physics. The former is in Russian and the latter is in English. 4. I spoke to professors G. and W. The former delivers lec­tures on chemistry, the latter on semiconductors.

IX. Answer the following questions.

1. When did Faraday invent the dynamo? 2. Was Fara­day an American scientist? 3. Can batteries supply power on a large scale? 4. What do we need electricity for? 5. What are dynamo electric machines used for? 6. What types of dynamos do you know? 7. What are the principal parts of a generator? 8. In what condition is the stator of an electromagnet? 9. What generators is the Bratsk hydro­electric station equipped with? 10. What is their rated capacity? 11. What are the largest steam power plants in Europe?

X. Ask your group-mate the following questions. Let him/her answer them.

1. if batteries can supply light, heat and power on a large scale. 2. if the electromagnet is a temporary magnet provided by electricity. 3. if the electromagnet is lifeless unless the electric current flows through the coil. 4. if the iron core will act as a magnet as long as the current continues to pass along the winding. 5. if the alternator provides a.с. 6. if the generator must be turned by some outside source of mechanical energy.

XI. Make up the annotation of the text and retell it.