- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •II. Form nouns using suffixes -ion, -tion:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •IV. Complete the following sentences:
- •V. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Give the English equivalents for:
- •II. Give the corresponding nouns to the following verbs:
- •III. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms from the list:
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false and if they are false say why:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. State the part of speech and say how the words are formed:
- •Find equivalents:
- •III. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms from the list:
- •IV. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Form the new words with the following suffixes:
- •Find equivalents:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •IV. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Retell the text d using the following words and word-combinations:
- •Economic systems reading drIlls
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Give the corresponding nouns to the following verbs:
- •Find equivalents:
- •III. Match the synonyms:
- •IV. Match the antonyms:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Reading drIlls
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Define the parts of speech of the following words:
- •II. Form the new words using suffix -ity:
- •III. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Retell the text b using the following words and word-combinations:
- •Reading drIlls
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •Match the antonyms:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •Communicative situations
- •Economy of ukraine reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Read the following words. Mind the difference in pronunciation.
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Find equivalents:
- •II. Give the corresponding nouns to the following verbs:
- •Use the correct word in the sentences. Change the form of the word if necessary:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •VII. Give the characteristic of Ukraine’s economy today using the following words and word-combinations:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Name the word-building elements (suffixes, prefixes) and the part of speech of each word:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Find equivalents:
- •II. Substitute the words in bold type by their synonyms:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false and if they are false say why:
- •V. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Match each branch of industry with its production:
- •IX. Give the characteristic of Ukraine’s industry using the following words and word-combinations:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Define the parts of speech of the following words:
- •II. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the italicized words :
- •V. Memorize the meanings of the word «agriculture» and its derivatives. Translate the sentences paying attention to the italicized words :
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations
- •Students’ idividual work
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •Find the following word-combinations in English in the text:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •The Founder of Economics
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •Ukraine
- •II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Find equivalents:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •The united states of'america
- •II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Find equivalents:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.
- •Some current economic problems
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
VIII. Translate into English:
1. Кожному суспiльству доводиться приймати рiшення стосовно того, що, як та для кого виробляти. 2. Виживання суспiльства залежить вiд того, чи воно спроможне забезпечувати своїх людей їжею, одягом та житлом. 3. Кожному суспiльству притаманна своя економiчна система. 4. Тип економiчної системи визначається методом, за яким приймаються рiшення про задоволення бажань та потреб людей. 5. У суспiльствi з традицiйною економiкою вся економiчна дiяльнiсть є результатом традицiй та звичаїв. 6. Люди не вiльнi приймати рiшення, якi ґрунтуються на тім, що вони хочуть або хотiли б мати. 7. Люди знають, якi товари або послуги будуть вироблятися, як вони вироблятимуться та як вони розподiлятимуться. 8. Ескiмоси пiвночi навчали своїх дiтей, як виготовляти знаряддя, ловити рибу та полювати. 9. Головний недолiк традицiйної економiки полягає в тім, що вона схильна розхолоджувати ідеї. 10. Головна перевага традицiйної економiки в тім, що кожний у нiй має свою роль. 11. Традицiйна економiка схильна до застою i не може розвиватися далi.
Reading drIlls
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
a) stress the first syllable:
leader, government, quota, industry, planning, growth, shift, strengthen, military, drastically, relatively, similar, wages, seldom, quality, tendency, costs, operate, choice;
b) stress the second syllable:
command, authority, production, consumer, direct, direction, regardless, defence, equipment, supply, incentive, encourage, bureaucracy, require, consult, economy, addition, expect, process, increase.
Text B
Other societies have a command economy — one where a central authority makes most of the What, How and for Whom decisions.
Economic decisions are made at the top and people are expected to go along with1 choices made by their leaders. It means that major economic choices are made by the government. It decides goals for the economy and determines needs and production quotas for major industries. If the planning body wants to stress growth of heavy manufacturing, it can shift resources2 from consumer goods to that sector. Or, if it wants to strengthen national defence, it can direct resources from consumer goods or heavy manufacturing to the production of military equipment and supplies.
The major advantage of a command system is that it can change direction drastically in a relatively short time. The major disadvantage of the command system is that it does not always meet the wants and needs of individuals.
The second disadvantage of the command economy is the lack of incentives3 that encourage people to work hard. In most command economies today workers with different degrees of responsibility receive similar wages. In addition4, people seldom lose their jobs regardless of5 the quality of their work. As a result, there is a tendency for some to work just hard enough to fill production quotas set by planners.
The command economy requires a large decision-making bureaucracy. Many clerks, planners, and others are needed to operate the system. As a result, most decisions cannot be made until a number of people are consulted, or a large amount of paperwork is processed. This causes production costs6 to increase and decision-making to slow down. Thus, a command system does not have the flexibility to deal with day-to-day problems.