II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:

межувати з, омиватися, бути багатим на щось, сучасний , автоматизація виробни­чих процесів, електрозварювання, видатні вчені, бути відомим чимось, ядерна фізика, представник, вищі навчальні заклади, ви­являти великий інтерес

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is Ukraine situated?

2. What is the territory of Ukraine?

3. What does the country produce?

4. What kind of agriculture has Ukraine?

5. What are the main branches of industry in Ukraine?

6. What are the achievements of Ukrainian scientists?

7. What is Ukraine rich in?

8. How many nationalities are there in Ukraine?

1. What is the population of Ukraine? 10. Who visits Ukraine?

Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.

CPC: Географічні, демографічні, економічні та політичні дані про Велику Британію

THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.

The British Isles are separated from European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.

The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the west) and Scotland (the northern part of the island).

There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north the Cheviots (the Cheviot Hills) separate England from Scotland, the Pennines stretch down North England almost along its middle, the Cambrian mountains occupy the greater part of Wales, and the Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. Ben Nevis, the tallest peak of the Highlands, is only 1,343 metres high.

Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest and longest of the British rivers, it is over 300 kilometers long. Some of the British greatest ports are situated in the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Tyne, Clyde and Bristol Avon.

Great Britain is not very much rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

The warm currents of the Atlantic ocean influence the climate of Great Britain.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people. The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Shipbuilding, coal-mining, metallurgical and textile industries are the older fields of industry. The newer ones are aircraft, automobile, chemical industries, electronic engineering. The main industrial centres are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh and Cardiff.

Great Britain is a highly-developed naval and industrial power. Its economy was primarily based on private enterprises. However, some industries were nationalized after World War II. Now it has a mixed private- and public-enterprise economy. The government controls the coal-mining and electric power industries, ferrous metallurgy and shipbuilding. Part of public transport, civil aviation and national bank are also managed by the state.

The main sectors of British economy are manufacturing, services and agriculture. The share of industry in GNP is 11 times more than that of agriculture. Manufacturing plays a vital role in British economy. It accounts for 1/5 of the GNP and employs less than 1/3 of the workforce. Small companies predominate, though companies with 500 or more employees employ a larger percentage of the workforce.

The rise of Great Britain as an industrial nation was partly due to the presence of considerable mineral resources, the most important of them being coal and iron. Next to coal and iron the chief minerals found on the British Isles are the building stone, marble, granite, slate, lead, tin, copper, zink, salt and china clay. But in the course of the last hundred years many of Britain’s most valuable and accessible deposits have been worked out.

Coal-mining, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding are the older branches of industry. The new industries are the chemical, electrotechnical, automobile, aeromissile and electronics. The new industries have developed hand in hand with science and technology and are equipped to meet present technical demands.

Big cities and towns such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield and Birmingham have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry. The main centres of cotton and woolen industry are Leeds, Bradford and Manchester.

The capital of Great Britain is London. Oxford and Cambridge are called University towns.

Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is formally the head of the state, but in fact the country is ruled by the Parliament. The parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is the head of the government.

І. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.