Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.

СРС. Проблема недостатньої кількості.

One of the things that young people discover as they grow older is that you can't have everything. You are reminded of it every time you shop. Although you may see twenty or thirty items that you would really like to buy, you know that you will have to limit your selection to one or two. Everyone goes through life having to make choices.

Every business, even sports teams, must pick and choose from among the things they would like to have because, like you and me, they cannot have everything.

Governments, too, cannot have everything. Every year the most important political debates concern questions about spending taxpayers' money.

Neither individuals nor societies can have all the things they would like to have. There simply is not enough of everything to go around. Economists note that there is no limit to the amount or kinds of things that people want. There is, however, a limit to the resources, things used to produce goods and services, available to satisfy those wants. Once that limit is reached, nothing else can be produced.

I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.

II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:

Пригадувати, відкривати, обмежити відбір, зробити вибір, обговорення питань, витрачати гроші платників податків, товари і послуги.

Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.

СРС: Чинники виробництва. Оптимальні витрати

The factors of production can be combined in any number of ways, some more efficient than others. When they are combined efficiently, productivity will be relatively high. When they are combined inefficiently, productivity will be relatively low. Decisions about combining the factors of production rest with management.

In the production process, for example, it is management's responsibility to acquire the necessary capital (in the form of machinery, tools and equipment). Similarly, management must hire and train the firm's labor force and motivate the workers to do the job. In other words, managers must employ both capital and labor to maximize productivity.

Another way to increase productivity is to let workers participate in designing and improving the production process. Profit sharing and stock ownership also motivate workers. This is exactly what many companies now do. It has been found that workers with a stake in the firm's welfare work smarter because they get part of the profits when productivity increases.

I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.

II. Find the following words and word-combinations in English in the text:

Чинники виробництва, продуктивність буде відносно низькою, об'єднані неефективно, спосіб підвищити продуктивність праці, робочу силу, придбання необхідного капіталу, наймати і навчати, акціонерна власності.

Тема 3: економіка. Основні економічні питання. Типи економічних систем.

CPC: Географічні, демографічні, економічні та політичні дані про Україну.