Essential vocabulary

Words and Word Combinations

1. printing areas

2. nonprinting areas

3. oleophilic (ink-accepting)

4. hydrophobic (water-repellent)

5. dampening system

6. dampening solution

7. additive

8. graining

9. oxidation

10. highly viscous

11. vehicle

12. carrier substance

13. abrasion

14. properties

15. evaporation

16. absorption

17. to feed back

18. to dispense

19. fluctuation

20. plate cylinder

21. blanket cylinder

22. impression cylinder

23. circumference

24. gripper

25. printing nip

26. foil

27. flexible material

28. to transfer

29. friction

30. gear train

31. indirect

32. lithographic

33. ink pigments

34. printing unit

35. grammage

36. misprints

37. hue

38. recess

Activities

1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is offset printing?

2. What is the position of the printing and nonprinting areas in offset?

3. What areas are called “oleophilic”?

4. Are water-repellent areas called “hydrophobic”?

5. What is the functional role of dampening solution?

6. How does the plate used in offset printing look like?

7. What are the properties of the ink used in offset printing?

8. What is the basic principle of offset printing?

9. How do the inking units work?

10. What does the printing unit consist of?

11. What is called the printing nip?

12. What aspect must be taken into account to ensure perfect transfer of the print image from plate to paper?

13. What units does the offset printing press consist of?

14. What is the mechanism of offset printing?

15. Name the advantages and disadvantages of offset printing technology.

16. Why is offset printing considered to be the major technology now?

2. Match the two halves of the phrases below:

1	non-printing	a	tension
2	physical	b	speed
3	dampening	c	areas
4	printing	d	phenomena
5	ink	e	units
6	plate	f	cylinder
7	blanket	g	solution
8	gear	h	pigments
9	surface	i	train
10	circumferential	j	cylinder

2. Which of the above phrases (see ex.3) mean the following?

1. hydrophilic

2. cylinder with printing plate

3. organic or inorganic in nature

4. cylinder with the blanket

5. consists of inking, dampening units, and three cylinders.

5. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word or phrase from the box:

Dampening solution, hydrophilic, oleophilic, ousted, graining, circumferential speed, hue, plate,

a highly viscous mixture, non-printing areas, blanket, impression.

1. Offset printing has spread since 1970 and ……….. the letterpress printing technology.

2 .The printing areas of the printing plate are ……….. .

3. The non-printing areas of the printing plate are ……….

4. The dampening system covers the non-printing areas of the printing plate with a thin film of ……… ……….. .

5. The ………. of the surface can be done mechanically.

6. The ink used in offset printing is usually…………..

7. The pigments determine the ….. of the ink.

8. The dampening solution spreads over ………. ……….. .

9. Printing unit consists of inking and dampening units, the ……. cylinder, the …….. cylinder and the …… cylinder.

10. High contact pressure between the cylinders and the same ……….. ……… of the cylinders are necessary for the proper transfer of ink between the plate, blanket and the paper.

6. Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate form, translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Offset printing (to spread) markedly since approximately 1970.

2. The dampening solution (to spread) over the non-printing areas.

3. Aluminum (to be gaining) ground for a long time among the metal-based plates over zinc and steel.

4. The cylinders (to be connected) via a gear train.

5. Mineral oils (to be used) as carrier substances for offset inks.

6. The dampening solution (to consist) mainly of water.

7. Letterpress printing technology (to prevail) until the spreading of the offset printing.

8. The plate cylinder with the inked printing plate (to roll) over the circumference of the impression cylinder.