Essential vocabulary

Words and Word Combinations

1. printing

2. publishing

3. woodblock printing

4. technique

5. image

6. woodcut books

7. movable type

8. letterpunches

9. printing press

10. pagesetting

11. durable

12. oil-based ink (water-based ink)

13. an alloy of lead and tin

14. coloured prints

15. the inventor of smth.

16. intaglio engraving

17. gravure (intaglio) printing

18. relief printing (letterpress)

19. impression

20. goldsmith

21. to produce an embossment

22. lithography

23. chromolithography

24. offset printing

25. printing plate

26. blanket cylinder

27. surface

28. gum arabic

29. water soluble solution

30. to apply

31. adhere to smth.

32. multi-color prints

33. time consuming process

34. flexible intermediate carrier

35. a substrate

36. rotary printing press

37. screen printing

38. xerographic copier

39. digital printing

40. inkjet printing

41. thermal printing technology

42. 3D (three-dimensional) printing

43. print on demand

44. printing area

45. variable data

Activities

1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is printing?

2. What were the reasons for the development of printing?

3. What printing method was originated in China and widely used in East Asia?

4. What alternative to manuscripts emerged in the 15^th century?

5. Name the system of printing using movable pieces of metal type.

6. Who developed European printing technology? What year?

7. What is Gutenberg's printing press famous for?

8. Who was the first Russian printer? What were his services?

9. What printing technology is considered to be the oldest one?

10. The golden age of artists engraving was 1450-1550, wasn’t it?

11. What material was used in the early days of lithography?

12. Can you describe the process of lithography?

13. What printing method replaced coloring prints by hand?

14. What is the major lithographic technology which has been used for more than 200 years already?

15. What faster machine followed the old flat-bed printing press?

16. What company introduced a laser printer?

17. Can you compare the functional features of laser printers and inkjet printers?

18. Does digital printing completely differ from conventional methods of printing?

19. What can you say about print on demand?

20. Was the 20^th century a period of rapid development of printing technologies? How can you prove it?

21. Name the main achievements in the history of printing.

3. Match the two halves of the phrases below:

1	movable	a	technology
2	rotary	b	ink
3	printing	c	carrier
4	intaglio	d	press
5	print	e	copier
6	oil-based	f	process
7	xerographic	g	type
8	time-consuming	h	solution
9	water	i	on demand
10	flexible	j	engraving

4. Use the resulting expressions in the sentences of your own.

5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:

1. ………… streamlined the process of communication, and contributed to the development of commerce, law, religion and culture.

2 ……… ……… is the system of printing and typography using movable pieces of metal type, made by casting from matrices struck by letterpunches.

3. Compared to ………… printing, movable type pagesetting was quicker and more durable.

4. An oil-based ink which was more ………. than previously used water-based inks.

5. Engraving had been used by …………. to decorate metalwork, including armour, musical instruments and religious objects since ancient times.

6. ………….. is the oldest printing technology invented by Gutenberg in 1440.

7. Offset printing is the major lithographic technology. It is an indirect lithographic technology, in which the ink is first transferred from the ………. ……. onto a flexible intermediate carrier – the blanket – and then onto the substrate.

8. The modern ……… printing process originated from patents taken out by Samuel Simon in 1907 in England.