- •О.В. Терехина
- •Предисловие
- •History of printing
- •Intaglio
- •Inkjet printing The principle of inkjet printing was discovered by Canon engineer Ichiro Endo in August 1977.
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Use the resulting expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •6. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •7. Match the term with the definition:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Complete the following sentences:
- •10. Grammar reference. Adverbs.
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own according to the topic using the adverbs.
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases below:
- •4. Use the resulting expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •6. Find the statement true or false:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •10. Study the following phrasal verbs with make. Match them with the definitions below. One of the verbs goes with two of the definitions.
- •11. What other phrasal verbs with make do you know? Write some sentences of your own using phrasal verbs with make.
- •Digital prepress
- •Input and Output Resolution
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •Basic principles of offset printing
- •Inking Units
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •5. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word or phrase from the box:
- •7. Find the sentences with the following prepositions in the text. Give some examples of your own using the prepositions under study:
- •8. Translate the following expressions from Russian into English. Use these expressions in the sentences of your own:
- •9. Transfer the sentences from passive voice into active:
- •10. Translate the sentences into English:
- •11. Complete the Quiz:
- •Offset printing technologies
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the definition with the term:
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •6. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •7. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •10. Study some examples of the phrasal verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own with phrasal verbs. Mind their meanings.
- •Gravure printing
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases and translate them:
- •4. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •5. Match the term with the definition:
- •6. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •7. Complete the sentences:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Find in the text the sentences with relative clauses.
- •10. Look at the following sentences and decide whether they have got defining (d) or non-defining (n) relative clauses:
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own with the relative clauses.
- •Letterpress
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Agree or disagree with the following:
- •4. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •5. Translate the result expressions and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •6. Fill in the gaps with the expressions of the essential vocabulary:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •8. Combine the definition with the term:
- •9. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs:
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own using words with prefixes.
- •Flexography
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •4. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •6. Translate from Russian into English:
- •7. Combine the verbs with the prepositions as they were used in the text (mind active or passive voice). Translate the expressions. Give your own examples with phrasal verbs.
- •8. Match the abbreviation with its meaning:
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •10. Match the term with the definition:
- •11. Complete the following sentences:
- •Screen printing
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •4. Use the result expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Mark the statements as True or False:
- •6. Fill in the gaps:
- •7. Combine the term with the definition:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English in a written form:
- •9. Word building.
- •10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using the words from the table.
- •11. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •Basic principles of non-impact printing technologies
- •Essential vocabulary
- •4. Find the statement true or false:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Translate from Russian into English:
- •7. Language note. Compounds.
- •8. Write down 10 sentences of your own with compound words.
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •Non-impact printing technologies
- •Ionography
- •Ink Jet
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the term with the definition:
- •4. Find the statement true or false:
- •5. Match the two halves of the phrases and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •8. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •9. Language note. Modals.
- •10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using modal verbs.
- •Print finishing processes
- •1. Cutting and die-cutting
- •2. Folding
- •3. Forwarding
- •4. Assembling into books
- •5. Blocks binding
- •6. Trimming
- •7. Edge treatments on books and brochures
- •8. Case making
- •9. Book finishing
- •10. Packaging
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •4. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •5. Match the definition with the term:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English in a written form:
- •8. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •9. Language Note: Gradable Adjectives. Study the rules and find the examples of your own.
- •10. Guess the Quiz
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own using the words from the quiz.
- •Binding
- •Essential vocabulary
- •6. Translate in a written form:
- •7. Language note. Non-gradable adjectives.
- •8. Write down 10 sentences of your own with non-gradable adjectives. Follow the topic. Appendix
- •Texts for additional reading
- •Contents
7. Translate from Russian into English:
В основе высокой печати лежит принцип рельефной, выпуклой печати, т.е. создание возвышающей поверхности, которую покрывают краской и прижимают к бумаге. Высокая печать использует набор, составленный вручную из отдельных свинцовых брусков – литер. До начала 20 века все буквы в словах набирались вручную. От этой операции ручного набора берут начало все способы выполнения наборного процесса.
Появившись в середине 1800-х годов, тигельная машина быстро завоевала популярность, а США, где до сих пор ещё работают эти простые и долговечные печатные прессы, отлитые из чугуна. В стандартной тигельной машине форма устанавливается в вертикальном положении. Бумага закрепляется напротив формы, причем эти две половинки соединяются у основания подобно букве V. Когда створ замыкается, половинки соединяются, как две створки раковины моллюска.
В плоскопечатных машинах форма обычно располагается в горизонтальной плоскости. После нанесения на форму краски на неё укладывают бумагу, сверху прокатывают большой цилиндр, который создает давление, способствующее переносу краски на бумагу,- так получается оттиск.
Ротационные печатные машины были разработаны для печатания больших объемов продукции, в первую очередь, газет и журналов. В них использовались печатные формы в виде стереотипа – пластины в виде части цилиндрической поверхности, на которой все отдельные части печатной формы собраны воедино для печати на очень высокой скорости.
8. Combine the definition with the term:
|
1) A press that carries the paper and the type form on flat surface, which opens and closes like a clamshell |
a) belt |
|
2) A press with a mounting flatbed that holds the inked form, having a fixed rotating impression cylinder on which the paper is attached |
b) rotary |
|
3) A press in which the roll of paper is fed between the plate and the impression cylinder |
c)flatbed |
|
4) A press used for continuous inline operations |
d) platen |
9. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs:
Letterpress printing (to be) the oldest printing technology.
For centuries letterpress printing (to be) the predominant printing technology.
Letterpress, the first printing process (to start) with a converted wine-press.
Originally type (to be cast) piece by piece, in small hand-held casters.
The design of flatbed presses (to overcome) the problem of uneven impression.
When a roll of paper is fed, it (to run) in contact with the first belt which (to print) all the pages for one side.
A few newspaper rotaries (to be used) still both for direct and indirect printing.
Printing on early presses (to be) a slow process, since the paper (to have, to be fed) one sheet at a time into the press.
Improvements (to make) in the 1830-1840s (to feature) automatic inking and mechanic power, which (to increase) printing speed.
The rotary webfed machines (to be responsible) for the enormous growth of newspapers during the 19th century.
10. Prefixes can sometimes be added to words to change their meaning. Match the following prefixes with their corresponding definitions. Find the examples of the words with prefixes in the text. Make the examples of your own:
1 inter- 2 post- 3 bi- 4 pre- 5 multi- 6 ex- 7 un-
1. more than one; many
2. later than; after
3. before; in preparation
4. former and still living
5. between; among a group
6. two; twice; double
7. contrary action