10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using the words from the table.

11. Correct the jumbled sentences:

1. Early, were, screens, manually, on, made, a, screen, silk, frame, on, wooden, a, mounted.

2. Masking, used, were, materials, out, to, block, areas, unwanted.

3. A, produced, stencil, which, manually, protects, the, areas, either, non-printing, is, or, photomechanically.

4. Because, heavy, of, ink film, the, sheets, the, until, be, separately, dry, must, racked.

5. UV curing, inks, drying, and, is, simplified, has, to promote, helping, printing, greater, of, use, screen.

Unit SEVEN

TEXT 1

Basic principles of non-impact printing technologies

Non-impact printing technologies (NIP technologies) are technologies that do not require a solid printing plate with a fixed image and that can basically produce successive pages with different printed images.

A laser sends information to an intermediate carrier, a drum with a photoconductive coating, without impact (non-impact) in the traditional sense. The latent (nonvisible), charged image stored on this drum is inked with toner and then transferred to the paper. There is, of course, contact between the inked (toned) information carrier and the paper during printing, but the information is not transferred by impact. This process is considered as non-impact printing.

In NIP technologies there is no printing plate carrying permanent information. As a consequence, different information can be printed on every sheet. This has given rise to new, efficient ways of producing printed media, such as print on demand, personalization, book on demand, and so forth. The productivity of these systems is lower than of printing systems based on conventional technologies. It means that computer to print systems based on NIP technologies cover particular market segments, for example, short-run jobs, proofing applications, personalization, office and DTP applications.

There is a number of non-impact printing technologies. They are named after physical or chemical principle they are based upon. With electrophotography, the imaging is carried out on the basis of photo-electronic effects. In ionography, charges are transferred to an appropriate

surface in order to create the image. Magnetography is based on the creation of magnetic patterns on the surface of the image carrier that correspond to the image to be printed. In ink jet processes, the ink is transferred directly to the substrate by means of a jet system. Thermography, a printing process in which thermal effects are used to create the printing image via special types of ink carriers (such as ribbon material), can be subdivided into thermal sublimation (dye sublimation) and thermal transfer (wax transfer). Photography relies on

special types of photo-sensitive papers, which are digitally exposed via light signals corresponding to the image. In this list, the “X”-Graphy is added as a collective designation for NIP technologies that do not belong to any of the technologies indicated above. These are technologies such as “Direct imaging/inductive printing”, “TonerJet”, “Elcography”, “Zurography”.

In non-impact printing technologies, the physical effects for creating the image frequently require the use of special types of ink. In electrophotography powder toners or liquid toners are used. Ink jet technologies work with liquid inks of low viscosity as well as so-called hot-melt inks, and thermography uses ink that has been applied to ink donors.

NIP technologies can be applied to both sheet-fed and web-fed printing. Printing unit can be a component of in-line production of printed media in the digital workflow and production flow.