- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
Vocabulary
Learn to use proper words
Topic:
Showing and proving
To show that smth is true:
To show – to provide the facts and information which make it clear that smth is true: The engineer wanted to show to students how well the system worked.
To prove – to show that smth is definitely true by providing facts and information, especially when other people have doubted it:. He was able to prove his theory to his fellow scientists.
To demonstrate – to do smth or to provide information that makes it very clear to people that smth is true: The aim of the experiment was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment.
Smth can be seen – used when smth shows that what you are saying is true: This can be seen in the following examples.
To be evidence of – used when information shows that smth is true or smth exists: Some people think that this research is evidence of a much larger problem.
To reveal – to show that smth is true, especially smth surprising that many people didn’t realize: A recent survey revealed that 61% of those interviewed believe that tobacco advertising should be banned.
To confirm – if smth confirms an idea or opinion that peple already have, it shows that it is true: The recent research confirms the view that global warming is happening at an increasing rate.
To support / back up – to show that an idea, opinion or claim is true: Our research supports this view. They produced no evidence to back up their claims.
To corroborate - a formal word to provide additional information that shows that what someone has said is true, is used about findings and results: Further research is needed to corroborate the results of this study before we publish the article.
To validate – a formal word meaning to prove that smth is correct using scientific tests or very careful checking; is used about claims, theories and data: Our data is collected and validated by a team of researchers, using multiple sources to ensure reliability.
To show that smth is likely:
To suggest – to show that smth is probably true, even though there is no definite proof: This suggests that humans existed on earth thousands of years earlier than was previously thought.
To indicate – if scientific facts, tests, figures etc indicate smth, they show that smth is probably true: Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are not satisfied with their salary.
To give the impression – to make you think that a situation exists, even though this may not actually be true: The report gives the impression of having been rather hastily put together.
To lead to the conclusion that – to make you decide that smth is likely to be true after examining all the facts, arguments etc: All these arguments lead to the conclusion that there should be greater control over the quality of our products.
To show that smth is untrue:
To disprove – to show that smth is untrue: The results of the experiment disproved our theory.
To contradict – if one statement, study, piece of evidence etc contradicts another, it make the other one seem completely untrue or impossible: Recent evidence appears to contradict his hypothesis.
To invalidate – a formal word meaning to prove that someone’s ideas or arguments contain mistakes, with the result that it is unlikely that they are true: Problems with the way the original data was collected invalidated their findings.