Conditionals without if

Had I time, I would help you. (IfIhadtime…) – Если бы у меня было время.

Were he older, he would understand it.(If he was older…) – Будь он постарше…

Had I known about it, I would not have mentioned the fact.(If I had known…) – Знал бы я (если бы я знал…).

Should you see him, tell him everything. (Ifyoushouldsee…) – Увидишь его (если ты увидишь его)….

But for the rain we would have joined you. (If it had not been for the rain) – Если бы не дождь…

… lest- чтобы… не (к глаголу):Youshouldrevisethemateriallestyouforgetit. – Вы должны повторить материал, чтобы не забыть его.

G8. Translate the sentences into Russian:

A,B

1. But for her illness, Jane would join us. 2. But for the rain we would have had a good harvest. 3. Hadn’t it been so dark in the room I should have recognized him. 4. The accident wouldn’t have happened, had the driver observed the rules. 5. Were it summer now, we would go traveling somewhere. 6. Were it not so cold, the children could have stayed longer outdoors. 7. Had we time we could have tested the sample twice. 8. Could they speak English fluently they wouldn’t have so many problems at the conference. 9. Had I had enough money then I would have come by plane.

Sentences with as if, as though

Heactsas thoughnothinghashappened. – Он ведет себя так, как если бы ничего не случилось.

ShespeaksEnglishasifshehadlivedinEnglandallherlife. – Она говорит по-английски так, как если бы прожила в Англии всю свою жизнь.

G9. Translate the sentences.

A,B

1.You look so pale as if you were ill. 2. You speak as if you were displeased with something. 3. You are so angry with me as though I were to blame. 4. You look so tired as though you had been working the whole day. 5. He speaks Dutch so well as if he had lived in Holland all his life. 6. He talks as if he had done all the work himself. 7. He looked at me as though he suspected me of something. 8. It seemed as if he had never heard about it. 9. It looks as if it is going to rain. 10. It sounds as if we are facing additional problems.

Object clauses with subjunctive

It’s vital / desirable / urgent you be/should be present. – Очень важно / желательно / настоятельно требуется, чтобы Вы присутствовали.

It was unlikely that they should have seen me. – Маловероятно, что они меня видели.

I suggest that you drive/should drive carefully.- Я предлагаю, чтобы вы ехали более осторожно.

G10. Translate the sentences.

B

1.It is desirable that you should be present here. 2. It was required that they should become familiar with the facts. 3. It was arranged that the students should take their examinations in a week. 4. It was strange that they had changed their mind. 5. My friend strongly advises that we should attend these lectures. 6. The professor proposed that I shouldn’t experiment alone.

Revision.

R1. Translate the sentences

A.

1. If we raise the temperature the film will expand. 2. If the operation has been performed properly, the material will give a negative test for saturation. 3. It would have been risky to answer these questions by a simple “yes” or “no”. 4. Unless a very high pressure is used electrons produce only a small number of ions. 5. This could have been noticed by a programmer if he had inspected his program carefully. 6. He draws direct comparisons very seldom unless he needs to explain his ideas more clearly. 7. Had we time we could have tested the sample twice. 8. They could have understood the task had he explained it clearly. 9. Unless other conditions are stated specifically we shall use the term “state” to represent an equilibrium state. 10. If this is the case, this hypothesis may prove to be valid.

B,C

1. They would have responded on this request if they had received it. 2. The work would have been done long ago if they had been prepared for it properly. 3. But for you I should have solved the problem differently. 4. Were it not for safety considerations this model might have been ideal. 10. It would be more convenient if a special machine were available. 5. This approach could not be applied even if it had been attractive. 6. If the formal axioms did not agree more or less with the properties of physical objects, then geometry would be of little interest. 7. It was of great importance that we should obtain fresh data for the confirmation of our idea. 8. It would have been risky to answer these questions by simple “yes” or “no” if they had not been verified by experiment..9. Make exact calculations lest you should fail with your experiment. 10. If this is not the case, it is necessary to make use of an alternative formulation.

R2. Translate into English

C

1.Необходимо, чтобы система имела надежные характеристики. 2.Вам следовало бы испытать эти детали при очень жестких условиях (но вы этого не сделали). 3.Если условия будут благоприятными, мы применим этот метод на практике. 4. Он определит площадь этого тела при условии, что ему будут известны его размеры. 5. Если бы Вы приняли во внимание свойства этого объекта, вы получили бы более точные результаты. 6. Если бы вы точно следовали инструкциям, вы бы получили правильный ответ. 7. Если бы не сбой в работе оборудования, мы бы смогли закончить проект в срок. 8. Мы были бы очень признательны, если бы Вы провели четкое различие между данными, полученными Вами в ходе эксперимента, и теоретическими данными.