- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
Обозначения: Subject(S) - подлежащее;Predicate(P) - сказуемое;Object(O) – дополнение,Pronoun(Prn) – местоимение,Noun(N) - существительное,Verb(V)- глагол,Preposition(Prep)- предлог
A. Pattern: Ving+ (O) ...+ P...
Example: Recognizing a problem is the first step to its solution.- Постановка проблемы означает первый шаг на пути к ее решению.
B. Pattern: Ving + (O) ...+ S + P...
Examples: Recognizing a problem the scientist makes the first step to its solution. - Поставив проблему, ученый делает первый шаг к ее решению.
Having been warmedto0Ctheicebegantomelt. -После того как лед нагрелидо нуля градусов, он начал таять.
1. Establishing relationship between the phenomena of the Universe is a major task of theory. 2. Realizing the necessity for a different approach the physicists reluctantly abandoned the project. 3 Putting the discovery to use sometimes requires more effort than making it. 4. Having reported of his discovery of rays of unknown nature Bequerel excited the curiosity of Marie Curie.
C. Pattern: S...+ P...+ (O/Prep.phr)...+ Ving ...
Examples: The scientist is often interested in a problem, disregarding possible consequences of its solution. - Ученый часто интересуется проблемой, не обращая внимания на ...
The lighter, negatively charged particles in the atom are electrons moving in orbits around the nucleus. - Более легкие, отрицательно заряженные частицы в атоме - электроны, которые вращаются ...
Nobodycanavoidmakingoccasionalmistakes. - Никто не может избежать того, чтобы иногдане делать ошибок.
In 1913 Bohr proposed the solar theory of the atom, giving rise to still greater activity in both theoretical and experimental nuclear physics. 2. To find out more about the space scientists sent satellites, circling in orbits above the Earth. 3. What is worth doing is worth doing well. 4. Soon Pierre Curie joined Marie Curie in her search for the "mysterious" substance, giving up his own research.
D. Pattern: Prn. poss / N's.. + Ving
Examples: Immediate recognition of a discovery depends largely on its being made at a proper moment. - ... depends largely on the fact that it is made at ... - Немедленное признание открытия в значительной степени зависит от того, что оно совершено в нужный момент.
The story of radioactivity begins with Henry Bequel's having reported his discovery of rays of unknown nature. - ...begins with the fact that H. B. reported his discovery ... - История открытия радиоактивности начинается с того, что Анри Беккерель сообщил о своем открытии лучей неизвестной природы.
Mendeleyev having established a periodic law of nature has entered his name in the history book of the world science. 2. Success in science often results from scientist's confining his attention to one problem for many years. 3. The results of the experiment depended upon his having applied the proper technique. 4. A brain-storming session consists in everybody's proposing as many, and as wild ideas as possible, without being concerned as to whether they are workable. 5. Science is sometimes humorously defined as a practice of the scientist's satisfying his curiosity at the expense of the Government.
G3. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
B, C
To aim at understanding; to be concerned with measuring and analyzing; to be interested in constructing; to be responsible for modernizing; to insist on making use of; to prevent scientists from making; to result from combining; to result in establishing; to succeed in working out.
1. His research (привело к установлению) a new principle. 2. The success of the space research program (явился результатом) the latest achievements in science and technology. 3. Using modern installations and techniques the scientists (удалось решить) a complicated engineering problem. 4. Pure science (стремится постичь) the laws of the material world. 5. Traditionally chemists (занимались измерениями) the properties of matter and (анализом) the reactions by which some chemical substances are transformed into others. 6. A quantum chemist (интересует построение) adequate mathematical models of atomic and molecular structures. 7. Prof. E. was the first to see the advantages of the new approach and (настаивал на использовании) it to interpret the results. 8. Adequate theories often (избавляли ученых от проведения) many useless experiments. 9. This group of engineers (ответственна за модернизацию) the laboratory equipment.
G4. Translate the text:
B, C