- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
Word building
Prefixes.
В английском языке новые слова могут быть образованы с помощью приставок (префиксов), добавляемых к основе слова. При этом часто слово приобретает другое значение:
re – повторяемость действия:torecharge– перезарядить
dis – обратное, противоположное действие или отрицание:todisagree– не соглашаться
mis – ошибочность действия:tomisunderstand– неправильно понять
de – изъятие, удаление:todeaerate– дегазировать
en – охват, окружение:toenlarge– увеличивать
pre – предшествование :topredetermine– заранее определить
over – чрезмерность:tooverload– перегрузить
under – недостаточность:tounderestimate– недооценить
in- (il-,ir-,im-) – отрицание: illegal – незаконный
inter – взаимное действие:interrelation– взаимоотношение, соотношение
multi – много:multifunctional– многофункциональный
co – общность действия, сотрудничество:tocoordinate- согласовывать, координировать
WB1.Translate the word combinations paying attention to the meaning of prefixes:
A
To operate without recharging; to overestimate the results of the investigation; to overheat the compound; interplanetary communication; disordered movement; to misunderstand the explanation; immobile installation; an irregular form; a serious miscalculation; an illogical conclusion; unlimited possibilities; misusage of terms; to reassemble the model; inaccurate amount; to disconnect the devices; to preheat the alloy; to reuse glass bottles.
WB2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the prefixes.
A,B
Russia and the US are cooperating in joint space ventures. 2. Recycling paper involves removing its ink, glue, and coating and reconverting it to pulp that is pressed again into new paper. 3. Staying in sunlight too long and cases of skin cancer can be interrelated. 4. At first the effect of deforestation on the earth's climate was underestimated by some scientists. 5. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a network of about 2,500 of the world's leading climate experts from 70 countries sponsored by the United Nations. 6.The human's influence on the earth's climate is undisputed. 7.A lot of heating energy is used inefficiently in the north of Russia. 8. Nuclear plants cause thousands of premature deaths of people and serious genetic effects which are currently undervalued. 9. It is impossible to build long-term safe storage facilities for nuclear wastes. 10. Overgrazing of grasslands and misuse of fertile soils leads to their degradation and erosion. 11. A new multifunctional device will increase the efficiency of energy use. 12. To put the question in this way is to predetermine a negative answer. 13. Such assumption is highly oversimplified and inaccurate. 14. A mathematical theory is strongly intertwined with the systems of real world. 15. The ability to carry out large-scale arithmetic calculations with the aid of digital computer reinforces the search for new methods. 16. The laboratory was undermanned. 17. This is not a process to be oversimplified. 18. Those regions were underpopulated. 19. The leadership has decided to be disinterested spectators of this vital struggle. 20. If the proposal is sensible and reasonable they should cooperate.