- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
V4. Translate into Russian:
A,B
1. A total number of people who are unemployed decreased slightly. 2. Land prices have increased dramatically during the last ten years. 3. Fuel prices rose by over 10 percent. 4. World demand for oil is rising steadily at around 2 percent a year. 5. We hope to double the number of experiments with this substance. 6. Many people are concerned about the enormous growth in the world population. 7. Something was clearly going wrong as the instruments showed a dramatic rise in the level of radioactivity. 8. The report estimates that up to 40,000 plants could die out if the population expands from 6 billion to 8 billion by 2020, as currently predicted. 9. They had to halve the number of experiments performed each week. 10. Small quantities of tin have increased the ultimate strength of the cast iron by as much as 10%.
V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
Caption
Figure 6.9 The chronology of the sea-level over the past 18,000 years deduced from 14C dating of peat and the shells of shallow-water marine organisms. All locations are in shallow areas of the Earth's crust, where major earth movements have been negligible. Although there is a wide scatter in the data, the points define a trend for global sea-level change.
Description
This scatter graph plots sea-level depth over time using data from 6 regions.
The horizontal axis is at the top and is labeled "years before present". It is marked in years from 0 to 20,000 at intervals of 1000 years.
The vertical axis is labeled "depth below present sea-level (m)" and is marked in meters from 0 to 100, at intervals of 10 meters.
The 6 locations are represented by different small symbols given in a key.
solid triangle = Texas
cross = Holland
solid dot = East Argentina
square = South-west Louisiana
open dot = Florida
open triangle= Sri Lanka
The general trend is an increase in depth as the past time increases. The increase is small in the recent past, up to 7,000 years ago at a depth of just over 10 meters then it increases more sharply to the lowest point marked at just under 18,000 years and 90 meters. The earliest data, from about 12,000 years and earlier is from Texas.
The trend is quite clear, although the band is wide, there are no data points in other areas of the graph.
An example of the wide scatter is shown in the Texas data, there are three points at about 45 meters over a spread of about 3,500 years. There are also three points at 13,000 years, two are at 60 meters, the other is at 70 meters.
V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
Improve your pronunciation:
P1. Find the words which contain sounds [t∫], [∫], [ ] or [d ] and read them properly:
Procedure, percentage, purchase, ensure, relationship, integer, digital, selection, objective, equation, oxygen, temperature, distribution, measurement, knowledge, suggest, project, approach, academician, conclusion, assumption, partial, century, advantage, subject, investigation, appreciate, manufacture, gadget, pressure, feature, usually, injection, major, usage, damage, special, substantial, negligible, biological, genetic, venture, erosion, efficiently.