2. Translate into English:

1. Маркетинг включает в себя действия, связанные с движением товара от производителя к потребителю.

2. Маркетинг включает в себя транспортировку, хранение, рекламу, калькуляцию цен, продажу.

3. Изучение рынка помогает предсказывать общие направления спроса.

3. Реклама оказывает сильное влияние на покупателя.

3. Мы не можем устанавливать самую низкую цену на этот товар.

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6. Мы должны разработать план производства новых продуктов.

6. Сбыт этого товара очень реагирует на изменение цены.

3. Make up your own sentences using the following words and word combinations:

conception, marketing, the process of planning, promotion, distribution, to satisfy individual and organizational objectives, advertising, personal selling, to discover wants and needs of customers, the idea of exchange.

Read and translate the following text. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

Marketing

Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user. Marketing is the whole process of having the right product, at the right time, in the right place, calling attention to and thereby bringing a mutual benefit to customer and vendor. You are engaging in marketing when you: design or develop a product or service, transport and store goods, provide a variety of choice, buy in large volumes and sell them by item, install, service, repair, instruct, update and improve. Marketing adds value to the product by the specific functions it performs. These are: marketing information, buying, selling, transporting, storing, credit-granting, risk-taking, pricing, servicing, standardizing and grading.

Marketing information. Producers are made aware of coming trends because marketers inform them of changes in consumer wants, supply and demand, and new market developments.

Buying. Before stocking goods, a retailer must first determine not only what to buy but how much, which models or styles, in what sizes and colors. Buying is a fine art that may involve forecasting or predicting fashion trends six months or even a year in advance.

Selling. Selling may involve helping consumers discover their own unconscious needs and wants.

Transporting. In order to have value, goods must first be transported from the place they are produced to the point, where they are needed.

Storing. Because marketers often maintain extensive inventories the consumer desire to buy is satisfied without waiting.

Credit-granting. This is an important function because it enables those involved in the marketing channel to operate with less capital.

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Risk-taking. Marketing assumes risk in granting credit and in storing inventories.

Pricing. Pricing involves the art of determining which price is best.

Servicing. Many retailers provide credit, delivery, shop-at-home services, catalogue sales, etc.

Standardizing and grading. Standardizing involves the maintenance of uniform size and quality standards throughout an industry.

So marketing is the four Ps: the product, the place, the price, and the promotion. But most of all, marketing is research: finding out who the customers are and what they need.